The History of Psychology

B.F. skinner is known for what type of conditioning?

operant conditioning, which involves learning through reward and punishment

Two people may look at identical images but perceive different things. This phenomenon is studied by

gestalt psychologists-Gestalt theory maintained that the whole is greater than its parts, causing individuals to perceive images differently

introspection

(internal perception) a process by which someone examines their own conscious experience as objectively as possible

Sigmund Freud

(psychodynamic) believed that understanding the unconscious mind was absolutely critical to understand conscious behavior; relied on dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association as means to access the unconscious

psyche

Greek word for soul

John B Watson

shifted psychology focus from mind to behavior

Gestalt psychology

takes a holistic (whole) view of an individual and his experiences.

hypothesis

tentative explanation

Pavlov is best know for what type of conditioning?

classical conditioning, which involves learning through association

Proponents of the early school of ____________ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings, and motive are important in understanding human behavior and that more than just observable actions should be studied.

cognitive

This school of thought, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, focuses on the potential of individuals and each person's unique viewpoint

humanistic

Abraham Maslow is best known for

proposing a hierarchy of needs in motivating behavior

In the late 19th century, this approach to psychology measured basic elements of conscious experiences to provide scientific evidence to understand the mind.

structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt

structuralism

cognitive psychology 1960s

Focuses not just on behavior, but on mental processes and internal mental states.

psychodynamic

Focuses on the role of the unconscious and childhood experiences in affecting conscious behavior (Frued and Erikson)

Which researcher was more likely to use recording devices and objective measures to examine the mind?

William James

Which school of thought emphasized observable behavior and objectivity?

behaviorism

Which school of thought in the early 20th century focused on observable behavior and relationships between stimuli and responses

behaviorism

structuralist

belief that our cognitive experience was best understood by breaking that experience into its component parts. thought this was best accomplished by introspection

This school of thought studies the mental processes of thinking, memory, and judgmen

cognitive

functionalism

focused on how mental activities served as adaptive responses to an organism's environment

Behaviorism

focused on making psychology an objective science by studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Humanism 1950s

focuses on the potential of all people for good

In the late 1800s, this approach examined how the mind operates and how conscious thoughts in the mind have continually evolved since the beginning of time

functionalism

The focus on mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as ______.

functionalism

Willima James

functionalism

Which perspective within psychology emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all people?

humanism

Carl Rogers

known for client centered therapy (humanism)

The most accurate definition of psychology is the scientific study of the

mind and behavior

Which school of thought examined mental processes that are in the unconscious mind to explain behavior

psychodynamic