The integumentary system readings

True or false: There are two major regions of the dermis: a superficial reticular layer and a deeper papillary layer.

False

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

Kidney, liver, skin

All people, of all skin tones, have about the same number of melanocytes. T or F

True

True or false: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

True

Fill in the blank question. An inherited recessive condition where the enzyme needed to produce melanin is nonfunctional is called __________.

albinism

The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis is made up of two types of connective tissue, which are Blank______.

areolar and adipose

The net effect of vasoconstriction of the dermal blood vessels is a shunting of blood ______ from the periphery of the body to ______ heat. Multiple choice question.

away, conserve

Walking barefoot can cause stem cells in the stratum ______ to divide rapidly resulting in thickening in the soles of the feet, thus providing more protection for the underlying tissues.

basale

Women often accumulate subcutaneous fat in the ______, ______, hips, and thighs

breasts, buttocks

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation. Multiple choice question.

cholecalciferol

The main structural components of the reticular layer is primarily a network of ______ fibers that extend internally from the reticular layer of the dermis into the underlying subcutaneous layer.

collagen

The word reticular means "network" and refers to the web like meshwork of ______ fibers.

collagen

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

The dermis is Blank______ to the epidermis and contains primarily Blank______.

deep, collagen fibers

Fill in the blank question. When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

dehydration

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

dendritic

The ______ contain(s) the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis.

dermal papillae

The epidermal ridges interdigitate with the ______.

dermal papillae

The dermis of the skin has an extensive innervation, which refers to the ______.

distribution of nerve fibers

Fill in the blank question. Sensory reception through the skin is possible because of the vast number of sensory nerve ______ associated with the skin.

endings

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______. Multiple choice question.

exocytosis

A function of cerumen is to lubricate the ______.

external acoustic meatus

Normal skin color results from a combination of colors of ______, melanin, and carotene.

hemoglobin

Sebaceous glands are classified as ______ glands that discharge an oily, waxy secretion called ______.

holocrine, sebum

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

hypodermis

Vasodilation of the dermal blood vessels means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

increases, more

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

keratin

Fill in the blank question. The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _______ and the protein they produce is called ________.

keratinocytes, keratin

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

The ultraviolet rays in sunlight are prevented from penetrating to the deeper dermis layer by specialized cells called ______. Multiple choice question.

melanocytes

When exposed to the sun, the ______ become more active and secrete a protein that gives the skin a tanned look.

melanocytes

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

merocrine

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands. Multiple choice question.

merocrine

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

merocrine, apocrine

Fill in the blank question. The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the __________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

The most superficial layer of the dermis is the ______ layer.

papillary

Cerumen, together with tiny hairs along the ear canal, helps trap ______ or ______ and keeps them from reaching the eardrum.

particles, insects

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins, lipids

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during ______.

puberty

The ______ layer of the dermis consists primarily of dense irregular connective tissue with large bundles of collagen fibers. Multiple choice question.

reticular

The deepest layer of the dermis is the ______ layer.

reticular

The ______ of the dermis forms the deeper, major portion of the dermis and extends from the papillary layer to the underlying subcutaneous layer.

reticular layer

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

scar

Fill in the blank question. Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as ______.

semi permeable

Repetitive mechanical stresses applied to the integument stimulate mitotic activity in the ______ cells of the stratum ______.

stem, basal

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

stratum basale

The ______ layer is not part of the integumentary system.

subcutaneous

______ glands are also called sweat glands.

sudoriferous

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts, hair follicles

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______. Multiple choice question.

sweat ducts, hair follicles

The delivery of drugs through the skin through the use of an adhesive patch is called ______ administration. Multiple choice question.

transdermal

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called .

transpiration

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about ________ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ______ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ________ month following their formation.

two, two, one

Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive ______ network promotes rapid absorption. Multiple choice question.

vascular

If the body is too warm, the dermal blood vessels ______ so more blood can travel ______ to the surface and excess can be lost. Multiple choice question.

vasodilate, close

The sensory receptors in the skin are ____ in number.

vast

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

fibrosis and regeneration

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes. Multiple choice question.

living, dead

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

Vasoconstriction means that the diameter of the vessels ______, so relatively ______ blood can travel through them.

decreases, less

The replacement scar tissue is produced by ______ and composed primarily of ______ fibers.

fibroblasts, collagen

______ acts as a lubricant to keep the skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked.

sebum

Sebaceous glands are activated primarily by ______ during puberty in both sexes.

sex hormones

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin. Multiple choice question.

simple, coiled, and tubular

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ______.

vibration, cold, temperature, pressure

Fill in the blank question. There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are ______ , colorations, and skin markings.

thickness

When part of the skin is too severely damaged or its cells lack the capacity to divide, the body fills in the gap with ______ tissue. This process is known as ______.

scar, fibrous

True or false: The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by both heredity and light exposure.

True

The major function of merocrine sweat glands is ______. Multiple choice question.

thermoregulation

True or false: In albinism, the individual usually has white hair, pale skin, and pink irises because they don't have melanocytes.

false

The secretions from sebaceous glands, called ______, are usually deposited into a ______.

sebum, hair follicle

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

When ______ binds oxygen, it exhibits a bright red color, giving blood vessels in the dermis a reddish tint that is most easily observed in the skin of lightly pigmented individuals.

hemoglobin