THE LAST PSYCH EXAM
For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from: a) free-floating anxiety. b) mania. c) schizophrenia. d) major depressive disorder.
D
A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible this __________ is a side effect of his long-term use of antipsychotic medication. a) tardive dyskinesia b) persistent depressive disorder c) dystonic reaction d) transcranial affect
A
During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates. a) resistance. b) meta-analysis. c) transference. d) regression towards the mean
A
The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of: a) cognitive therapy. b) psychodynamic therapy. c) light exposure therapy. d) humanistic therapy.
A
This disorder was formerly called manic-depressive disorder: a) bipolar disorder. b) antisocial personality disorder. c) dissociative disorder. d) major depressive disorder.
A
If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as: a) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). b) psychosurgery. c) systematic desensitization. d) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
B
Nearly 1 _____ people will develop schizophrenia. a) in 20 b) in 100 c) in 2 d) in 10
B
Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with: a) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). b) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). c) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). d) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
B
During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as: a) systematic desensitization. b) active listening. c) free association. d) transference.
C
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely suffers from: a) phobia. b) bipolar disorder. c) panic attack. d) schizophrenia.
C
The Big Five personality factors include: a) conscientiousness, disagreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and introversion. b) conscientiousness, disagreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. c) conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. d) conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and self-actualization.
C
Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce: a) depression. b) agoraphobia. c) hallucinations. d) generalized anxiety disorder.
C
This medication was originally used to treat epilepsy and is also found effective in the control of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. a) Lithium b) Clozaril c) Depakote d) Risperdal
C
A principal is looking for advice on how to improve his relationships with the teachers in his school. Carl Rogers might suggest which of the following? a) Compliment them often even if the compliments are insincere. b) Ask them if they have met all of their self-esteem and self-actualization needs. c) Look at the way their behavior is influenced by environmental factors. d) Be genuine with them and show them unconditional positive regard.
D
According to Freud, which part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations? a) the ego b) the phallic c) the id d) the superego
D
According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including which of the following? a) conformity-individualism b) adaptation-habituation c) collectivism-individualism d) extraversion-introversion
D
Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in: a) encouraging clients by exhibiting genuineness and acceptance. b) discouraging clients from using antianxiety or antidepressant drugs. c) minimizing the possibility that clients would experience anxiety during therapy. d) interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.
D
Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of: a) an external locus of control. b) empirically derived tests. c) reciprocal determinism. d) a positive self-concept.
D
In an eating disorder clinic, the patients receive merits for good eating behaviors such as finishing their meal, not exercising after their meal, and for appropriate behaviors on the unit. This best illustrates an application of: a) virtual reality exposure therapy. b) stress inoculation training. c) systematic desensitization. d) the token economy
D
In stressful situations, people with an antisocial personality disorder show __________ when compared with people unaffected by the disorder. a) greater fear and greater autonomic nervous system arousal b) less fear and greater autonomic nervous system arousal c) greater fear and less autonomic nervous system arousal d) less fear and less autonomic nervous system arousal
D
Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours. This ___________ usually ends abruptly and the patient becomes quite agitated. a) obsession b) delusion c) flat affect d) catatonia
D
Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder, while Rana's is not? a) The behavior causes Naima distress. b) The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. c) The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima. d) All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder.
D
Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of: a) factor analysis. b) reciprocal determinism. c) an external locus of control d) unconscious processes.
D
The _________ perspective emphasizes that personality is the result of interactions between people and their situations. The way one thinks about a situation affects one's behavior. a) trait b) humanistic c) psychoanalytic d) social-cognitive
D
The most common hallucinations experienced in schizophrenia are: a) visual. b) tactile. c) olfactory. d) auditory.
D
There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences; that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a: a) developmental approach. b) psychoanalytic approach. c) deterministic approach. d) biopsychosocial approach.
D
Veda is sociable, fun-loving and affectionate. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures: a) openness. b) conscientiousness. c) agreeableness. d) extraversion.
D
_______ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development. a) Bandura b) Adler c) Allport d) Rogers
D
_________ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawal, and insomnia. a) Narcolepsy b) Night terror c) Sleep apnea d) Posttraumatic stress disorder
D
35-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from a(n): a) phobia. b) major depressive disorder. c) low self-esteem. d) dissociative disorder.
A
A _____________ is a false belief that often accompanies psychotic disorders. a) delusion b) psychotic episode c) flat affect d) compulsion
A
According to Abraham Maslow, people are motivated by: a) a hierarchy of needs. b) optimal arousal. c) drive reduction. d) instincts.
A
The _________ perspective emphasizes the role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders. a) psychoanalytic b) humanistic c) social-cognitive d) trait
A
The humanistic perspective fails to appreciate: a) human capacity for evil. b) human capacity for good. c) self-acceptance. d) individual needs
A
In ___________, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing. a) obsessive-compulsive disorder b) antisocial personality disorder c) generalized anxiety disorder d) dissociative identity disorder
B
Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax: a) increase central nervous system activity. b) increase peripheral nervous system activity. c) depress central nervous system activity. d) depress peripheral nervous system activity.
C
Catatonia is characterized by: a) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person. b) delusions of persecution. c) periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement. d) hyperactive, wildly optimistic states of emotion.
C
Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to: a) choose the most effective course of treatment. b) communicate about their clients. c) Mental health professionals use diagnostic labels to do all of these things. d) comprehend the underlying causes of psychological problems
C
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from: a) compulsions. b) catatonia. c) delusions. d) hallucinations.
C
According to Freud, this part of the personality is largely conscious and is the mediator that operates on the reality principle. a) the id b) the superego c) the phallic d) the ego
D
According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of: a) psychosexual development. b) hypnosis. c) projective testing. d) free association.
A
Although Alex is frequently caught stealing money and other valuable from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Alex most clearly demonstrates a(n): a) weak superego. b) oral fixation. c) external locus of control. d) inferiority complex.
A
An attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: a) unconditioned positive regard. b) altruism. c) empathy. d) genuineness.
A
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with: a) manic episode. b) schizophrenia. c) antisocial personality disorder. d) persistent depressive disorder.
A
Boris is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of mania. It is very likely that Boris is suffering from a(n): a) bipolar disorder. b) obsessive-compulsive disorder. c) dissociative disorder, d) major depressive disorder.
A
Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts: a) exhibit less activity in frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition. b) have lower levels of serotonin. c) have greater levels of norepinephrine. d) exhibit more activity in a frontal lobe are involved in behavior inhibition.
A
Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Giver your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST? a) conscientiousness b) agreeableness c) openness d) extraversion
A
Jorge was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his coworkers. Jorge gets home from his job and yells at his wife for not having dinner ready. His wife then yells at the children for leaving their toys all over the house. This best illustrates the use of defense mechanism known as: a) displacement. b) rationalization. c) projection. d) reaction formation.
A
Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their sufferings as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates: a) antisocial personality disorder. b) obsessive-compulsive disorder. c) schizophrenia. d) bipolar disorder.
A
People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from: a) phobias. b) panic disorder. c) generalized anxiety disorder. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A
People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions, such as __________, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation. a) hallucinations b) delusions c) compulsions d) obsessions
A
The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ____________ in this disorder. a) viral infections b) oxygen deprivation c) learned helplessness d) glutamate receptors
A
This defense mechanism offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions. This is known as: a) rationalization. b) reaction formation. c) repression. d) projection.
A
Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the U.S., she should read the: a) DSM-5. b) WAIS-R. c) WISC-R. d) APA manual.
A
While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for _________________, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia. a) dopamine b) serotonin c) norepinephrine d) GABA
A
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n): a) obsessive-compulsive disorder. b) panic disorder. c) generalized anxiety disorder. d) histrionic personality disorder.
A
________ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method, patients are to relax and say whatever comes to mind. a) Free association b) Collective unconscious c) Regression d) Identification
A
_____________ are characterized by inflexible and enduring maladaptive character traits that impair social functioning. a) Personality disorders b) Psychotic disorders c) Neurotic disorders d) Mood disorders
A
A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n): a) panic disorder. b) dissociative disorder. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) bipolar disorder.
B
According to Carl Jung, humans have a reservoir of images that are derived from our universal experiences. This is known as our: a) repressed memories. b) collective unconscious. c) defense mechanisms. d) reaction formation.
B
According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. These are: a) honesty, sincerity, and empathy. b) genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. c) high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy. d) high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance.
B
Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and that he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ as the host is never co-conscious of the alter egos. a) multiple personality disorder b) dissociative identity disorder c) personality disorder d) None of these answers is correct.
B
Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for: a) association studies. b) a biopsychosocial approach. c) linkage analysis. d) the medical model.
B
Bonnie is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates: a) projection. b) displacement. c) reaction formation. d) identification.
B
Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: a) projection. b) reaction formation. c) regression. d) displacement.
B
Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is constantly worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from a(n): a) persistent depressive disorder. b) generalized anxiety disorder. c) phobia. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a: a) medical model. b) biopsychosocial model. c) psychoanalytic model. d) humanistic model.
B
He proposed the social-cognitive perspective. a) Freud b) Bandura c) Maslow d) Rogers
B
In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the trait perspective can you cite? a) The Big Five personality traits are not stable in adulthood. b) People do not act with predictable consistency and behavior varies from one situation to the next. c) The trait perspective emphasizes unconscious motivations too heavily. d) The Big Five traits cannot describe personality across different cultures.
B
Last week Tate went into the hospital for painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having: a) schizophrenia. b) antisocial personality disorder. c) schizoid personality disorder. d) persistent depressive disorder.
B
Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was mad at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. But in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of: a) social loafing. b) reciprocal determinism. c) attribution style. d) linguistic determinism.
B
Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing: a) a panic attack. b) hallucinations. c) flat affect. d) catatonia.
B
Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from: a) phobia. b) schizophrenia. c) bipolar disorder. d) dissociative identity disorder.
B
Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression is likely due to a: a) defense mechanism. b) vicious cycle. c) transmitter imbalance. d) misattribution.
B
Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a(n): a) coherent delusion. b) word salad. c) inappropriate emotion. d) catatonic state.
B
Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of: a) persistent depressive disorder. b) panic disorder. c) bipolar disorder d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B
The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of: a) personality testing. b) individualism. c) pessimism. d) factor analysis.
B
The proper order of Freud's psychosexual stages is: a) oral, anal, phallic, genital, and latency. b) oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. c) anal, oral, phallic, latency, and genital. d) oral, anal, latency, phallic, and genital.
B
This defense mechanism occurs when people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. This is known as: a) the Oedipus complex. b) projection. c) displacement. d) reaction formation.
B
Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of: a) generalized anxiety disorder. b) posttraumatic stress disorder. c) dissociative identity disorder. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B
___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania. a) Major depressive disorder b) Bipolar disorder c) Generalized anxiety disorder d) Schizophrenia
B
______________ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. This attitude nurtures growth in others. a) Self-actualization b) Unconditional positive regard c) The Electra complex d) Thematic apperception
B
According to Freud, this part of the personality contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy the basic secual and aggressive drives. a) the superego b) the ego c) the id d) the phallic
C
Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n): a) obsessive-compulsive disorder. b) mood disorder. c) phobia. d) generalized anxiety disorder
C
Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder: a) have increased autonomic nervous system arousal when awaiting aversive events. b) have normal frontal lobe cognitive functions. c) are at increased risk for antisocial behavior. d) are at decreased risk for antisocial behavior.
C
Darius's friends know him as someone who values people, regardless of their failings. When people spend time with Darius, they know he will have an attitude of total acceptance toward them. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as: a) confirmation bias b) counterconditioning. c) unconditional positive regard. d) companionate love.
C
Depression is a serious, common psychological problem that affects many people. Although questions remain concerning the cause(s) of depression, we do know that: a) major depressive episodes are never preceded by stressful events. b) most major depressive episodes do not self-terminate. c) women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression than are men. d) the rate of major depressive disorder is decreasing.
C
Depression is: a) more common than phobias. b) more commonly suffered by men than women. c) the number-one reason people seek mental health services. d) less common than dissociative disorders.
C
Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: a) The APA has no opinion about homosexuality. b) does NOT put her at greater risk for mental health problems. c) is NOT classified as an illness. d) is classified as an illness.
C
Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____________ model of psychological disorders. a) biopsychosocial b) psychoanalytic c) medical d) humanistic
C
In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ____________ test. a) empirically derived b) thematic apperception c) projective d) factor analytic
C
In _________, a person exhibits persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions. a) a belief perseverance b) the confirmation bias c) a psychological disorder d) the adaptation-level phenomenon
C
In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ (a brain area that helps with impulse control). a) reticular formation b) pineal gland c) frontal lobes d) medulla
C
Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities). To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must: a) alternate with symptoms of mania. b) be caused by a medical condition. c) last for two weeks or more weeks. d) last for one week.
C
One of the Big Five personality factors is: a) self-actualization. b) psychoanalysis. c) agreeableness. d) reciprocal determinism.
C
Psychodynamic therapy is different from psychoanalytic because: a) the number of sessions needed for effective treatment cannot be determined. b) it is aimed at total personality change. c) its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships. d) the therapist focuses primarily on past relationships and undoing past hurts.
C
20-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from a: a) major depressive disorder. b) dissociative disorder. c) low self-esteem. d) social anxiety disorder.
D
30-year-old Nellie has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her selective attention is deficient, she is unable to ignore irrelevant stimuli, and she often gives her undivided attention to minute stimuli (e.g., a spotlight shining in a window). This type of attention problem is thought to contribute to: a) inappropriate emotions. b) hallucinations. c) flat affect. d) disorganized thoughts.
D
Albert Bandura's social-cognitive perspective highlights the importance of: a) factor analysis. b) free association. c) self-actualization. d) reciprocal determinism.
D
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when she approaches any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear is the result of a traumatic childhood boating accident. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective. a) humanistic b) social-cognitive c) biological d) conditioning
D
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of: a) the psychoanalytic theory. b) the DSM-5. c) the linkage analysis. d) the medical model.
D
Freud's psychoanalytic theory includes ideas about: a) self-actualization and fulfilling one's potential. b) a characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition. c) trait dimensions (e.g., introverted-extroverted or stable-unstable). d) an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.
D
Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures: a) extraversion. b) agreeableness. c) openness. d) conscientiousness.
D
Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Which of the following Big Five personality factors would best describe his personality? a) openness b) extraversion c) conscientiousness d) emotional stability
D
John has been having difficulties getting out of bed, is not interested in going out with his friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, is sleeping 12-14 hours a day, and cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. John is most likely suffering from a(n): a) dissociative disorder. b) bipolar disorder. c) antisocial personality disorder. d) major depressive disorder.
D
Kanesha meets with a therapist because she wants to do something about the path her life is taking. The doctor tells her to lie down on the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as: a) humanistic therapy. b) fixation. c) rational-emotive therapy. d) free association.
D
Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): a) persistent depressive disorder. b) obsessive-compulsive disorder. c) phobias. d) generalized anxiety disorder.
D
People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from: a) generalized anxiety disorder. b) histrionic personality disorder. c) panic disorder. d) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D
Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This best illustrates: a) the self-reference phenomenon. b) the spotlight effect. c) unconditional positive regard. d) reciprocal determinism.
D
Which opinion on Rogers' person-centered perspective are critics likely to argue? a) it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness. b) it encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints. c) it fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves are more likely to experience life satisfaction. d) Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.
D
