The New Deal: Relief, Recovery, and Reform

American Liberty League

A group of highly wealthy republicans who disapproved of the New Deal and wanted to get rid of it.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act

A tariff on imported goods as an attempt to help farmers, eventually it was extended to help industry and manufacturing. (Result is a decreased international trade). (under hoover)

Indian Reorganization Act (Wheeler-Howard Act)

Aimed to decrease federal control of Native lands and increase native self government.

Emergency Banking Relief Act March 9, 1933

Allowed the government to examine all banks and allow those that were financially sound to open (recovery)

Tennessee Valley Act May 18, 1933

Brought electricity to rural areas that could not afford electric power lines (reform)

Fall of 1937

By end of the year, more than 2 million lost their jobs

Wagner Act July 5, 1935

Created the NLRB and reaffirmed laborers' rights to bargain for wages, hours, and working conditions, the right to strike, and the right of arbitration for grievances (reform)

Works Progress Administration (WPA) 1935

Employed people to do artistic, public works, and research projects by setting aside $300 million to create Federal Project Number One (relief)

Fair Labor Standards Act June 25, 1938

Established a minimum wage of 40 cents per hour and a maximum work week of 40 hours (reform)

National Industry Recovery Act

Federal Law that required businesses in the same industry to cooperate with each other to set prices and balance output.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) May 12, 1933

Gave direct relief in the form of money ($3 billion) to states and localities for distribution to the needy (relief)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) June 16, 1933

Insured savings of bank depositors and monitored soundness of insures banking institutions (recovery)

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) 1935

John L. Lewis - lead a group to break away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The United Auto Workers ( a division of the CIO) launched a successful sit-down strike in 1936.

Homeowners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) June 13, 1933

Loaned money to homeowners to help them refinance their mortgages and avoid losing their property through bank foreclosures (recovery)

Public Works Administration (PWA) June 16, 1933

Made loans to private industries to build public works such as dams, ports, bridges, sewage plants, hospitals, governments buildings, and airports (recovery)

National Labor Relations Act ( Wagner Act - NLRA)

Outlawed a number of anti-labor practices, established the National Labor Relations Board and gave it authority to conduct voting in workplaces to determine whether employees wanted union representation.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) May 12, 1933

Paid farmers to reduce the amount of crops harvested, destroyed livestock, and to not farm in order to reduce surplus of goods and raise prices due to the scarcity of the products (relief)

Glass-Steagle Act

Separates investment and commercial banking. What was believed to be the main cause of the Crash of 29. (Reform)

Huey Long's Share the wealth plan

program designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation's wealth among the people

Impact of the New Deal

Relief programs put billions of dollars into the pocket of poor Americans. Less successful in delivering economic recovery. Successful and long-lasting. American people and the link with their Government Roosevelt believed that government could help businesses and individuals achieve a greater level of economic security. New Deal required a bigger government. Americans began to look towards government for help on a regular basis.

Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States

(1935) The Supreme Court case that invalidated as unconstitutional a provision of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that authorized the President to approve "codes of fair competition" for the poultry industry and other industries. (schechter won)

Federal Housing Act (FHA) June 28, 1934

Provided bank loans to help repair, rebuild, and insure older homes (reform)

Social Security Act August 14, 1935

Provided benefits for unemployed, aged, dependent, and handicapped persons (reform) (2nd new deal)

National Youth Administration (NYA) 1935

Provided job training and work for people ages 16-25; provided part-time jobs for needy students (relief)

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) March 31, 1933

Provided jobs and relocation for young men (18-25) in building parks, planting trees, building small dams, draining swamps, assisting in flood control, etc. (relief)

Civilian Works Administration (CWA) November 9, 1933

Provided money to states to employ young men to build 225,000 miles of roads, 30,000 schools, and 3,700 playing fields (recovery)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) June 6, 1934

Regulated the stock and bond trading; regulated exchanges where stocks and bongs were sold and legislated requirements for disclosure of fair stock information (reform)

Emergency Relief Appropriations Act

Stopped direct payment to Americans in need. Created Works Progress Administration (WPA) - largest peacetime jobs program in U.S. History.

United States v. Butler

The Agricultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional because it attempted to regulate and control agricultural production, an area reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment

Court Packing

The Supreme court was highly conservative so Roosevelt had to try to "pack" courts so he could have more democrats on the court.