The Quiz Questions

How is an isokinetic muscle contraction best described?

A contraction that occurs when the speed of movement is fixed and the resistance varies with the force exerted

When a muscle's resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it can produce

Altered length-tension relationship

When an overactive agonist muscle decreases the neural drive to its functional antagonist

Altered reciprocal inhibition

What is the term for when the body is in a standing posture, with arms hanging down by the sides and palms facing forward?

Anatomical position

Which division of the skeleton is made up of the arms, legs, and pelvic girdle?

Appendicular

Which of the following muscle groups work eccentrically in the sagittal plane during the lowering phase of the squat?

Quadriceps

What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system's role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?

Reciprocal inhibition

When an agonist receives a signal to contract, its functional antagonist also receives an inhibitory signal allowing it to lengthen

Reciprocal inhibition

What movement term is used to describe the concept of adducting the shoulder blades so that they become closer together?

Scapular retraction

The upper trapezius works with what muscle as a force couple to create upward rotation of the scapula?

Serratus anterior

Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?

Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction

The anterior oblique subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Adductor (inner) thigh muscles, obliques, and hip external rotators

What is the term used to describe the muscles that act as the prime movers for a joint motion? (the muscles responsible for generating the primary force of a particular movement; the main bitches!)

Agonists

*Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?

As the contraction velocity increases, the ability to develop force also increases.

Which of the following muscles is primarily targeted when performing a biceps curl exercise with the thumb up?

Brachioradialis

What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?

Concentric

The muscles of the lower leg, hamstrings, and low back region make up which of the following global muscular subsystems?

Deep longitudinal subsystems (DLS)

What is the term for the ability of one entity to act on another entity, causing acceleration or deceleration?

Force

The deep longitudinal subsystem includes which of the following muscle groups?

Hamstrings and erector spinae

During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?

Hip abductors

Which of the following benefits may occur as a result of exercises that comprise only eccentric muscle actions that are appropriately loaded?

Increased anabolic hormone stimulation

What are the three overarching types of muscle actions?

Isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic

Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?

It stimulates actin and myosin activity.

Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?

Lateral subsystem

What is a characteristic of a type I muscle fiber?

Less force production

How the human movement system responds to internal and external stimuli

Motor Behavior

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Motor Control

How skilled motor behavior changes over time throughout the life span

Motor Development

How repeated practice and experience of motor control processes leads to a relatively permanent change in skilled motor behavior

Motor Learning

A person walks differently when they move from a sidewalk onto the sand. This is regulated by what function?

Motor function

Which muscle functions in a feed-forward mechanism in anticipation of limb movements?

Multifidus

What is the term used to describe the full range of eccentric, isometric, and concentric muscle contractions required to perform a movement?

Muscle Action Spectrum

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships

Muscle imbalance

What is the name of the specialized cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system?

Neuron

Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?

Neuroplasticity

Which joint has the simplest movement, moving either back and forth or side to side?

Nonaxial

Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?

Osteokinematics

One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?

Peripheral nervous system

Which of these is one of the major curvatures of the spine?

Posterior lumbar curve

What is the term for the loading of a muscle eccentrically to prepare it for a rapid concentric contraction?

Stretch-shortening cycle

When a client's heart rate is raised during cardio activities, this is being caused by which system?

Sympathetic nervous system

What is the most accurate description of motor control?

The ability to initiate and correct purposeful controlled movements

What is the term used to describe the anticipatory stabilization effect?

The feed-forward activation

What is the name of the system composed of the inner unit of the core and includes the rotatores, multifidus, transversus abdominis, diaphragm, pelvic floor, and quadratus lumborum?

The local muscular system

A term used to describe a loaded eccentric contraction that prepares muscles and tendons for a rapid concentric contraction.

The stretch-shortening cycle

How should the amortization phase of the stretch-shortening cycle be described?

The transition from eccentric loading to concentric unloading

What is the purpose of the intervertebral discs?

They act as shock absorbers.

Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?

Troponin

What is concentric motion?

When the muscle contracts. (Isotonic)

What is eccentric motion?

When the muscle extends. (Isotonic) -Moves in the path of resistance

What term describes the two characteristics: 1) hands and feet remain in contact with a stationary surface and 2) require movement of multiple joints in a predictable manner with the contraction of multiple muscle groups?

closed-chain movements

The neurological process

feed-forward activation

What is the term for the synergistic action of multiple muscles to produce movement around a joint?

force-couple relationship

What are the three main systems within the human body (aka: human movement system)?

nervous, muscular, and skeletal

What term describes the two characteristics: 1) hands and feet are not fixed and are free to move in space and 2) have independent joint movement of only the segments distal to the moving joint itself? (tend to focus on isolating the prime mover muscles)

open-chain movements