The Renaissance: Art & Culture
Giotto
1266-1337 Painted from nature Developed depth and perspective - School of Athens First Renaissance painter Affected by religion personally - St. Francis was a role model - Religious art for teaching - Human perspective Painted frescoes
Filippo Brunelleschi
1377-1446 Architect Worked on cathedrals Movement away from Romanesque and Gothic styles Known for creating buildings based off of classical art
Donatello
1386-1466 Greatest sculptor of his time "The David"
Botticelli
1444-1510 Birth of Venus Not as scientifically naturalistic Illustrates birth of the Renaissance
Leonardo Da Vinci
1452-1519 Embodies concept of Renaissance man Illegitimate child - conceived between two marriages Joined painters guild to become a painter Paid by the Medici family to commission art Wrote backwards - left handed
Copernicus
1473-1543 On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres - Heliocentric model of universe
Michaelangelo
1475-1564 Sistine Chapel David
Raphael
1483-1520 School of Athens - Perspective
Galileo
1564-1632 picked up Copernicus' work worked with Mathematics shakes confidence of individuals who believed previous thoughts to be true
Christian Humanism
Desidirus Erasmus (1466-1563) English humanist & bible scholar "In Praise of Folly" Studies Greek & Latin Leads to a better understanding of biblical text
Renaissance
Social and Political conflict Cultural and Artistic achievement "Newness" was not important Looked back to Greece & Rome Negative view of middle ages Focus on the arts
Mary Magdalene
Wooden carving Ugly to show spiritual beauty Praying hands
Three Worlds of the Renaissance
Antiquity - Greco Roman heritage - Aristotle, Cicero, Zeno Geography - Columbus (1492) The Heavens - Scientific achievement during Renaissance Humanism - Bringing into focus of human abilities - Greek, rhetoric become popular
The David
Bronze David is Florence Goliath is Milan Wears a hat & holds a sword
Writing is available and common
Chaucer -- Canterbury Tales Paper Printing Press - Johannes Gutenburg
Astronomical Career
Continued Copernicus' work
The High Renaissance
Da Vinci Raphael Michaelangelo
The Renaissance, out of the ashes
Famine Plague War
Niccolo Machiavelli
Famous humanist thinker Ends justify the means Understands Human nature
Science
Great contributions in Science -botany, anatomy, chemistry -Mostly in Astronomy Earth is the center of Universe
Rise of Artists
Growing middle classes Artists are celebrities - Artists create works for more people
Reactions (To Heliocentric Universal Theory)
Luther - didn't agree - took a literalist approach
Catholic Reaction
Put him under house arrest rejects his findings
Artistic Themes
Religion - Most common theme Classical themes were on the rise - trying to recreate greco-roman styles Portraits Painting from life - trying to repaint the landscape
Florence
Rotated who held office Called a republic Really and Oligarchy The Medici family - paid off govt. officials - maintained power and influence - controlled banks in the city - Lorenzo the magnificent --- did public works for the city
Humanism
The Study of Greece & Rome - adaption & synthesis of Greco-Roman philosophy - approach things from human perspective - human focused world view - 1453: Ottoman Turks bring Byzantine empire to an end
Politics
Two kinds of government - Republics (Florence, Venice) Elected officials representing the people - Principalities (Venice, Naples) One person, at the top, in charge Florence -- center for arts, artistry Milan -- center for military
