Theology 7 - Chapter 11 - Jesus Founds His Church
Apostle Matthew, the Evangelist
* Also know as Levi; * He was a Tax Collector; * He wrote the First Gospel; * Died as a Martyr; * Matthew was a Galilean; *After his call, Matthew invited Jesus home for a feast. On seeing this, the Scribes and the Pharisees criticized Jesus for eating with tax collectors and sinners. This prompted Jesus to answer, "I came not to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." * Matthew preached the Gospel to the Jewish community in Judea, before going to other countries.
Apostle Thomas
* Also known as Didymus, which means the twin; * John 20:24-29 tells how doubting Thomas was skeptical at first when he heard that Jesus had risen from the dead and appeared to the other apostles, saying, "Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe." (v.25) But when Jesus appeared later and invited Thomas to touch his wounds and behold him, Thomas showed his belief by saying, "My Lord and my God". (v.28) Jesus then said, "Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed [are] they that have not seen, and [yet] have believed." * Traditionally, he is said to have traveled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, travelling as far as India, where he died as a Martyr;
What do we call the Church in these 3 places?
1. Church Triumphant; 2. Church Suffering; 3. Church Militant.
In what 3 places the Church can be found?
1. Heaven; 2. Purgatory; 3. Earth
Who are the 4 Writers of the Gospels ?
1. Matthew (Apostle) 2. Mark 3. Luke 4. John (Apostle).
What are the Four Marks of the Church?
1. One 2. Holy 3. Catholic 4. Apostolic
Who were the 12 Apostles Chosen by Jesus Christ ?
1. Simon Peter; 2. Andrew; 3. James, the Greater; 4. John, the Evangelist; 5. Philip; 6. Bartholomew; 7. Matthew; 8. Thomas; 9. James, the Lesser, the son of Alphaeus; 10. Jude Thaddaeus; 11.Simon, the Cananaeum; 12. Judas Iscariot
What is the Hierarchy of the Church, in order ?
1. The Pope; 2. The Cardinals; 3. The Bishops; 4. The Priests; 5. The Deacons; 6. Religious; 7. Lay People or simply Laity.
Apostle Bartholomew, or Nathanael.
* Bartholomeu, know also as Nathanael, who appears in the Gospel according to John as being introduced to Christ by Philip (who would also become an apostle); * Died as a Martyr, by being skinned alive and beheaded in India; * Popular traditions and legends say that Bartholomew preached the Gospel in India, then went to Greater Armenia. * He is said to have been martyred in Armenia. * According to one account, he was beheaded, but a more popular tradition holds that he was flayed alive and crucified, head downward.
Apostle John, the Evangelist.
* Brother of James; * Son of Zebedee; * Author of One of the 4 Gospels; * Author of the Last book of the Bible- The Apocalypse or revelations; Author of some epistles to the Christians in the New Testament; * Only apostle not to die as a Martyr; * He died for natural death, of Old Age;
How is the Church CATHOLIC ?
* Catholic means UNIVERSAL; * The Church is CATHOLIC, or universal, in that she was instituted for all men, is suitable for all men, and has extended over the whole world (CCC 836).
Define Mystical Body of Christ
* Christ is the head of this body, and all members of the Church are united to Christ through the Holy Spirit; * Just as a head unites and directs the body, so Christ unites and directs the Church; * Each member of the Church, like the different body parts, has a different way of helping the whole body.
Apostle Philip.
* Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia; * Philip is described as a disciple from the city of Bethsaida, and connects him to Andrew and Peter, who were from the same town; * He also was among those surrounding the Baptist when the latter first pointed out Jesus as the Lamb of God; * It was Philip who first introduces Nathanael (sometimes identified with Bartholomew) to Jesus; * Philip is asked by Jesus how to feed 5,000 people; * During the Last Supper, when Philip asked Jesus to show them the Father, he provides Jesus the opportunity to teach his disciples about the unity of the Father and the Son "Whoever sees me, sees the Father; * Tradition says that Philip and Bartholomew were crucified upside-down; * Another legend is that he was martyred by beheading in Turkey.
Apostle: Simon Peter
* First Pope chosen by Jesus, to be the head of the Church; *His brother Andrew was also an apostle; * Died as a Martyr; * His original name was changed from Simon to Peter, to show he has a new and important Mission. *Peter was the son of Jonah and was from the village of Bethsaida, in the province of Galilee. * Originally a fisherman, he played a leadership role and was with Jesus during events witnessed by only a few apostles, such as the Transfiguration. * Peter denied Jesus 3 times, and preached on the day of Pentecost. * According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. * It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus. * According to Catholic doctrine, the direct papal successor to Saint Peter is Pope Francis.
Apostle James, the Greater.
* He was a brother of John the Apostle/Evangelist and a son of Zebedee and Salome; * Traditionally considered the first apostle to be martyred, beheaded by Herod, a 44 AD; * He is also called James the Greater, to distinguish him from James, the son of Alphaeus, know also as James the Lesser; * James the Greater is the patron saint of Spain. * Known also as Boanerges, that is, Son of Thunder.
Apostle James, The Lesser.
* James, son of Alphaeus, is often identified with James the Less, who is only mentioned three times in the Bible, each time in connection with his mother, called Mary. * James died as a Martyr - Tradition maintains James the Less was crucified at Ostrakine in Lower Egypt, where he was preaching the Gospel; * James, the Lesser, was the Leader of the Church in Jerusalem.
Who replaced Judas ?
* Matthias was chosen to replace Judas, as the 12th Apostle; * He journeyed with Jesus from the very beginning;
Apostle Jude Thaddaeus
* The Apostles Jude and Bartholomew are traditionally believed to have been the first to bring Christianity to Armenia; * In the Roman Catholic Church, he is the patron saint of desperate cases and lost causes. * Tradition holds that Saint Jude preached the Gospel in Judea, Samaria, Idumaea, Syria, Mesopotamia and Libya. * According to tradition, Saint Jude suffered martyrdom about 65 AD in Beirut, in the Roman province of Syria, together with the apostle Simon the Zealot, with whom he is usually connected.
Define Communion of Saints
* The Church has members in Heaven, Purgatory and Earth; * All these members are joined to one another in the Church; * We must pray for each other.
How is the Church HOLY ?
* The Church is HOLY through her founder Jesus Christ and his Holy Spirit; The Church is Holy through her Holy Faith, through her Sacraments and the obedience of her members as manifested in the Saints (CCC 823).
How is the Church ONE ?
* The Church is ONE in her origin from God; * ONE in her founder Jesus Christ; * ONE in her life of the Holy Spirit; *ONE in her faith; * ONE in the Sacraments; * One in her Pastors (CCC 813, 815).
Who Founded the Church ?
* The Church was founded by Jesus Christ, who, by the Holy Spirit, united his followers into one community, under the direction of the Apostles,with Saint Peter as their head (CCC 763-766).
Examples of Images of the Church
* The Mystical Body of Christ; * The Pilgrim Church; * Communion of Saints
Who is the Pope ?
* The Pope is the successor of Saint Peter, the Bishop of Rome; * The Pope is the VISIBLE HEAD of the Church; * The Pope is the Vicar of Jesus Christ, who is the INVISIBLE HEAD of the Church (CCC 881).
Apostle Simon, the Cananaeum or Simon, the Zealot.
* The most widespread tradition is that after evangelizing in Egypt, Simon joined Jude in Persia and Armenia or Beirut, Lebanon, where both were martyred in 65 AD; * He is buried in the same tomb as St. Jude Thaddeus, in the left transept of the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, under the altar of St. Joseph. * In art, Simon has the identifying attribute of a saw because he was traditionally martyred by being sawn in half.
Define Pilgrim Church
* This image reminds us that the Church is journeying to heaven. * For each of us, Life on Earth is a spiritual journey.
Apostle Judas Iscariot, the Traitor.
* Was Jesus' betrayer; * Was responsible for the Money of the group. Used to steal part of this money; Sold Jesus for 30 pieces of silver; * Killed himself, hanging himself on a tree.
Apostle Andrew
*Andrew was the brother of Simon Peter, by which it is inferred that he was likewise a son of Jonah; * He was born in the village of Bethsaida, on the Sea of Galilee; * Both he and his brother Peter were fishermen by trade, hence the tradition that Jesus called them to be his disciples by saying that he will make them "fishers of men"; * Andrew told Jesus about the boy with the loaves and fishes (John 6:8); * Andrew is said to have been martyred by crucifixion at the city of Patras, in Achaea, on the northern coast of the Peloponnese; * Yet a tradition developed that Andrew had been crucified on a X-shaped cross, supposedly at his own request, as he deemed himself unworthy to be crucified on the same type of cross as Jesus had been; * Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist; * Met Jesus before Peter, and then introduced him to Jesus, called him the Messiah (we have found the Messiah).
Why Jesus chose 12 Apostles ?
Because of the 12 Tribes of Israel, the 12 Sons of Jacob (Israel).
Jesus chose which Apostle to be the first Pope ?
Jesus chose Peter to be the first Pope.
Why did Jesus Christ institute the Church?
Jesus institute the Church so that men might have in her a secure guide and the means of holiness and eternal salvation (CCC 775-776).
Who are the Chief Pastors of the Church ?
The Chief Pastors of the Church are the Pope and the Bishops in Union with him (CCC 862, 880).
How is the Church APOSTOLIC ?
The Church is APOSTOLIC in that she was founded on the APOSTLES and continues in their teaching, Sacraments, and authority, through their successors, the Bishops (CCC 857).
What is the Church, according to the Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 815) ?
The Church is the Community of disciples, who, through the Holy Spirit, profess the faith of Jesus Christ, participate in his Sacraments, and are united in communion with the pastors he has appointed.
Where do we find the Church of Jesus Christ?
The Church of Jesus Christ continues to exist fully in the Catholic Church alone because she alone is ONE, HOLY, CATHOLIC and APOSTOLIC in the way Jesus Christ himself willed the Church to be (CCC 811).
Who founded the Church ?
The Church was founded by Jesus.
The other 11 Apostles were the first what?
The other 11 Apostles were the first Bishops.