Theoretical Frameworks for research:
model
A graphic or symbolic representation of a phenomen. A graphic model is empirical and can be readily represented. A model of an eye or a heart are example. A symbolic or theoretical model depicts a phenomenon that is not directly observable and is expressed in language or symbols.
Concept
Image or symbolic representation of an abstract idea; the key identified element of a phenomenon that is necessary to understand it. Concept can be concrete or abstract. A concrete concept: can be easily identified, quantified and measured(e.g. weight, blood pressure, and body temperature concrete concepts ; whereas an abstract concept is more difficult to quantify or measure. (e.g. hope, spiritual pain are more abstract concepts)
conceptual definition
Much like a dictionary definition conveying the general meaning of the concept. However, the conceptual definition goes beyond the general language meaning found in the dictionary by defining or explaining the concept as it is rooted in the theoretical literature.
operational definition
Specifies hot the concept will be measured. The is, the operational definition defines what instruments will be used to assess the presence of the concepts and will be used to describe the amount or degree to which the concept exists.
deductive
Theory testing is deductive; that is, one in which hypotheses are derived from theory and tested, employing experimental research methods.
inductive
Theory-generating (research is focused on "what" and "who" but does not usually explain) research is inductive; that is, it uses a process in which generalizations are developed from specific observations.
situation-specific theory
are more specific than middle range theories and are composed of a limited number of concepts. They are narrowed in scope, explain a small aspect of phenomena and processes of interest to nurses, and are usually limited to specific theory is still fairly new.
grand nursing theory
are sometimes referred to as nursing conceptual models and include the theories/models that were developed to describe the discipline of nursing as a whole. Grand nursing theories/models are all-inclusive conceptual structures that tend to include views of person, health, and environment to create a perspective of nursing
middle range theory
contain a limited number of concepts and are focused on a limited aspect of reality. As a result they are more easily tested through research and more readily used as frameworks for research studies.
Theory
is a set of interrelated concepts that provide a systemic view of a phenomenon. A theory allows relationships to be proposed and predictions made, which turns can suggest potential action.
conceptual framework/ Theoretical framework:
A set of interrelated concepts that represents an image of a phenomenon. These two terms are used interchangeably. The conceptual/theoretical framework refer to a structure that provides guidance for research or practice. The framework identifies the key concepts and describes their relationships to each other and to the phenomena (variables) of concerns to nursing. It serves as the foundation on which a study can be developed or as a map to aid in the design of the study.
Construct
Complex concept; construct usually comprise more than one concept and are built or "constructed" to fit a purpose. Health promotion, meternal-infant bonding, health-seeking behaviors, and health related quality of life are examples of construct.