Thermal

What thermodynamic process for an ideal gas system has an unchanging internal energy and a heat intake that corresponds to the value of the work done by the system? Select one: a. isothermal b. isobaric c. adiabatic d. isovolumetric

Isothermal

Which thermodynamic process takes place at a constant temperature so that the internal energy of a system remains unchanged? Select one: a. isothermal b. isovolumetric c. isobaric d. adiabatic

Isothermal

Which thermodynamic process takes place at constant volume so that no work is done on or by the system? Select one: a. isothermal b. isobaric c. isovolumetric d. adiabatic

Isovolumetric

Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it started? Select one: a. an isovolumetric process b. a cyclic process c. an isothermal process d. an adiabatic process

a cyclic process

A good heat conductor is Select one: a. a good insulator. b. both a good conductor and a good insulator c. a poor insulator. d. neither a poor nor a good insulator.

a poor insulator

How does a real heat engine differ from an ideal cyclic heat engine? Select one: a. A real heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine. b. An ideal heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine. c. An ideal heat engine converts all energy from heat to work. d. A real heat engine is not cyclic.

a real heat engine is not isolated, so matter enters and leaves the engine

A balloon is filled with 500 cubic centimeters of air at 27ºC. To what temperature must the air be changed to reduce the volume of the balloon to 250 cubic centimeters? Select one: a. 54ºC b. 13.5ºC c. 150ºC d. -123ºC

-123 degrees

An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. What is the change in the system's internal energy? Select one: a. 0 J b. -20 J c. 20 J d. -5 J

-20 J

An ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4 L. If the pressure is constant, how much work is done by the system? Select one: a. 8 J b. 5 J c. 0 J d. 30 J

0 J

An ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic process in which it expands and does 20 J of work on its environment. How much energy is transferred to the system as heat? Select one: a. 0 J b. 5 J c. -20 J d. 20 J

0 J

The temperature at which molecules in a substance have the lowest amount of energy possible is: Select one: a. 273ºC b. 0 K c. 0ºC d. -300ºF

0 K

How many atoms are there in a mole of Hydrogen (H2) gas? Select one: a. 1.20x10e24 b. 3.01x10e23 c. cannot be determined with out the molar mass d. 6.02x10e23

1.2x10e24

An ideal gas system undergoes an isovolumetric process in which 20 J of energy is added as heat to the gas. What is the change in the system's internal energy? Select one: a. 20 J b. 5 J c. -20 J d. 0 J

20 J

Entropy is closely related to the Select one: a. both of these b. 1st law of thermodynamics. c. 2nd law of thermodynamics. d. neither of these

2nd law of thermodynamics

Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the Select one: a. both of these b. neither of these c. 2nd law of thermodynamics. d. 1st law of thermodynamics.

2nd law of thermodynamics

A container of an ideal gas at 1 atm is compressed to one-third its volume, with the temperature held constant. What is its final pressure? Select one: a. 3 atm b. 1/3 atm c. 1 atm d. 9 atm

3 atm

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures of 227 degrees C and 27 degrees C is Select one: a. 25%. b. 20%. c. none of these d. 88%. e. 40%.

40%

50 g of ice at 0°C is dropped in a beaker containing 100 g of water at 0°C. What will be the contents of the beaker after 5 hours? Assume that the room temperature is 0°C. Select one: a. 25 g of ice and 125 g of water b. 50 g of ice and 100 g of water c. 75 g of ice and 75 g of water d. 150 g of water

50g ice and 100g water

How many atoms are there in a mole of Helium (He) gas? Select one: a. 3.01x10e23 b. 1.20x10e24 c. cannot be determined with out the molar mass d. 6.02x10e23

6.02x10e23

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures of 2700 K and 300 K is Select one: a. 24%. b. 89%. c. none of these d. 10%. e. 80%.

89%

When the translational speed of molecules in an ideal gas triples, by what factor does its absolute temperature change? Select one: a. sqrt3 b. 1/3 c. 9 d. 1/9 e. 3

9

A heat engine has taken in energy as heat and used a portion of it to do work. What must happen next for the engine to complete the cycle and return to its initial conditions? Select one: a. It must do work to transfer the remaining energy as heat to a higher temperature. b. It must give up energy as heat to a higher temperature so work can be done on it. c. It must give up energy as heat to a lower temperature so work can be done on it. d. It must do work to transfer the remaining energy as heat to a lower temperature.

It must give up energy as heat to a lower temperature so work can be done on it

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an adiabatic process?

Q = 0 so deltaW = -U

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for an isolated system?

Q = W = 0 so Uinitial = Ufinal

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an isovolumetric process?

V = 0 so Q = deltaU

Which equation describes the net work done for a complete cycle of a heat engine? Select one: a. Wnet = PΔV b. Wnet = Qh - Qc c. Wnet = Q - ΔU d. Wnet = Qc - Qh

Wnet = Qh - Qc

Objects that radiate relatively well, Select one: a. both of these b. reflect radiation relatively well. c. neither of these d. absorb radiation relatively well.

absorb radiation relatively well

When a solid is changed to a liquid state, the solid Select one: a. both releases and absorbs energy. b. neither releases nor absorbs energy. c. absorbs energy. d. releases energy.

absorbs energy

Air cools as it escapes from a diver's compressed air tank. What kind of process is this? Select one: a. isovolumetric b. isothermal c. isobaric d. adiabatic

adiabatic

Which thermodynamic process takes place when work is done on or by the system but no energy is transferred to or from the system as heat? Select one: a. adiabatic b. isothermal c. isobaric d. isovolumetric

adiabatic

On a cold winter day, you turn up the thermostat in your house. Assume that your house is well sealed and that no air enters or leaves the house. When the air temperature in your house rises a short while later, what statement is correct regarding the air pressure? Select one: a. The air pressure decreases at first but then increases again as the temperature approaches its lower value. b. The air pressure is lower at the higher temperature. c. The air pressure increases at first but then decreases again as the temperature approaches its higher value. d. The air pressure is higher at the higher temperature. e. The air pressure does not change at the higher temperature.

air pressure is higher at a higher temperature

On a hot summer day, you turn the thermostat in your house way down. Assume that your house is well sealed and that no air enters or leaves the house. When the air temperature in your house falls a short while later, what statement is correct regarding the air pressure? Select one: a. The air pressure decreases at first but then increases again as the temperature approaches its lower value. b. The air pressure is higher at the lower temperature. c. The air pressure is lower at the lower temperature. d. The air pressure increases at first but then decreases again as the temperature approaches its higher value. e. The air pressure does not change at the lower temperature.

air pressure is lower at a lower temperature

Substances absorb heat energy by the process of Select one: a. conduction. b. convection. c. all of these d. radiation.

all of these

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? Select one: a. It is possible for heat to flow spontaneously from a hot body to a cold one or from a cold one to a hot one, depending on whether or not the process is reversible or irreversible. b. The second law of thermodynamics is a consequence of the first law of thermodynamics. c. All of these statements are false. d. It is not possible to convert work entirely into heat. e. It is impossible to transfer heat from a cooler to a hotter body.

all statements are false

A heat engine would have 100 percent efficiency if its input reservoir were Select one: a. 100 times hotter than the exhaust sink. b. 1000 times hotter than the exhaust sink. c. at any finite temperature regardless of the heat sink temperature. d. any finite temperature if the exhaust sink were at absolute zero. e. 100 times cooler than the exhaust sink.

any temperature if the exhaust sink were at absolute zero

Pour a liter of water at 40 degrees C into a liter of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes Select one: a. impossible to calculate b. at or about 30 degrees C. c. less than 30 degrees C. d. more than 30 degrees C.

at or about 30 degrees

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in Select one: a. its temperature. b. both temperature and internal energy. c. its internal energy. d. neither temperature nor internal energy.

both temperature and internal energy

In the formula Q=mcdeltaT, which quantity is measured in units of J/g·°C? Select one: a. deltaT b. c, specific heat c. Q d. m

c, specific heat

The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through what process? Select one: a. conduction b. radiation c. convection d. vaporization

conduction

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the Select one: a. law of heat addition. b. principle of entropy. c. Carnot cycle. d. none of these e. conservation of energy.

conservation of energy

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the Select one: a. principle of entropy. b. none of these c. conservation of energy. d. Carnot cycle. e. law of heat addition.

conservation of energy

How is conservation of internal energy expressed for a system during an isothermal process?

deltaT = 0 which makes deltaU = 0 so Q = W

A container holds N molecules of an ideal gas at a given temperature. If the number of molecules in the container is increased to 2N with no change in temperature or volume, the pressure in the container Select one: a. is cut in half. b. remains constant. c. none of the above d. doubles.

doubles

What accounts for an increase in the temperature of a gas that is kept at constant volume? Select one: a. Energy has been removed as heat from the gas. b. Energy has been added as work done on the gas. c. Energy has been removed as work done by the gas. d. Energy has been added as heat to the gas.

energy has been added as heat to the gas

Imagine you could observe the individual atoms that make up a piece of matter and that you observe the motion of the atoms becoming more orderly. What can you assume about the system? Select one: a. Its entropy is increasing. b. It is gaining thermal energy. c. Its entropy is decreasing. d. Positive work is being done on the system.

entropy is decreasing

How is energy transferred as heat always directed? Select one: a. from an object at low kinetic energy to an object at high kinetic energy b. from an object at low temperature to an object at high temperature c. from an object with higher mass to an object of lower mass d. from an object at high temperature to an object at low temperature

from a high temperature to a low temperature

An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of Select one: a. heat exchange. b. None of the above choices are true. c. pressure change. d. entropy. e. temperature change.

heat exchange

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements about a heat engine operating in a complete cycle must be true? Select one: a. Heat from a high-temperature reservoir cannot be completely converted to work. b. Heat from a high-temperature reservoir must be completely converted to work. c. Heat from a high-temperature reservoir equals the entropy increase. d. Heat from a high-temperature reservoir must be completely converted to internal energy.

heat from a high-temp reservoir cannot be completely converted into work

To which of the following is high temperature related? Select one: a. large volume b. low particle kinetic energy c. high particle kinetic energy d. zero net energy transfer

high particle kinetic energy

In an isovolumetric process for an ideal gas, the system's change in the energy as heat is equivalent to a change in which of the following? Select one: a. temperature b. internal energy c. volume d. pressure

internal energy

Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an increase in Select one: a. temperature and pressure. b. temperature. c. internal energy, temperature and pressure. d. internal energy. e. pressure.

internal energy, temperature, and pressure

Your feet feel warmer on a rug than on your tile floor because your rug Select one: a. for the same mass has more internal energy than your tile. b. none of these c. is usually warmer than your tile. d. is a better insulator than your tile. e. all of these

is a better insulator than your tile

The number of molecules in one mole of a substance Select one: a. depends on the atomic weight of the substance. b. depends on the molecular weight of the substance. c. depends on the density of the substance. d. is the same for all substances.

is the same for all substances

A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in temperature. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample? Select one: a. It halves. b. none of the above c. It does not change. d. It doubles.

it does not change

The temperature of an ideal gas increases from 2°C to 4°C while remaining at constant pressure. What happens to the volume of the gas? Select one: a. It decreases to one-half its original volume. b. It increases slightly. c. It increases to twice as much. d. It decreases slightly.

it increases slightly

A sample of an ideal gas is heated and its Kelvin temperature doubles. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample? Select one: a. It doubles. b. It halves. c. It is 1/sqrt2 times smaller. d. It is sqrt2 times as large. e. It does not change.

it is sqrt2 times as large

A chunk of ice with a mass of 1 kg at 0°C melts and absorbs 3.33 ´ 10mc009-1.jpg J of heat in the process. Which best describes what happened to this system? Select one: a. Work was converted to energy. b. Its entropy increased. c. Its entropy decreased. d. Its entropy remained constant.

it's entropy increased

Which of the following is a direct cause of a substance's temperature increase? Select one: a. Kinetic energy is added to the particles of the substance. b. The volume of the substance decreases. c. The number of atoms and molecules in a substance changes. d. Energy is removed from the particles of the substance.

kinetic energy is added to the particles

What happens when water at its melting point solidifies to ice without any change in temperature? Select one: a. Both latent heat and specific heat are emitted. b. Latent heat is emitted. c. Specific heat is emitted. d. Latent heat is absorbed.

latent heat is emitted

What occurs when a system's disorder is increased? Select one: a. Less energy is available to do work. b. No energy is available to do work. c. No work is done. d. More energy is available to do work.

less energy is available to do work

Place a kilogram block of iron at 40 degrees C into a kilogram of water at 20 degrees C and the final temperature of the two becomes Select one: a. impossible to calculate b. more than 30 degrees C. c. less than 30 degrees C. d. at or about 30 degrees C.

less than 30 degrees

An electrical power plant manages to transfer 88 percent of the heat produced in the burning of fossil fuel to convert water to steam. Of the heat carried by the steam, 40 percent is converted to the mechanical energy of the spinning turbine. Which best describes the overall efficiency of the heat-to-work conversion in the plant? Select one: a. greater than 88 percent b. 40 percent c. less than 40 percent d. 88 percent

less than 40 percent

Metals are both good heat conductors and good electrical conductors because of the Select one: a. looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms. b. ability of metals to transfer energy easily. c. relatively high densities of metals. d. similarity between thermal and electrical conductive properties. e. high elasticity of metals.

looseness of outer electrons

More efficient gasoline engines can be built if Select one: a. materials are developed that can withstand lower temperatures. b. materials are developed that can withstand higher temperatures. c. engines are made to rotate faster. d. None of these - they are already perfectly efficient. e. a better antifreeze is developed.

materials are developed that can withstand higher temperatures

An important feature of the Carnot cycle is that Select one: a. its efficiency can be 100%. b. its efficiency is determined by the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs between which it works and by the properties of the working substance used, and on nothing else. c. its efficiency depends only on the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir used. d. it is an example of an irreversible process that can be analyzed exactly without approximations. e. no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures.

no engine can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two temperatures

During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas Select one: a. no heat is supplied to or removed from the gas. b. None of the above choices are true. c. the temperature of the gas does not change. d. no work is done on the gas. e. the internal energy of the gas remains constant.

no heat is supplied or removed from the gas

Which of the following best describes the relationship between two systems in thermal equilibrium? Select one: a. No net energy is exchanged. b. The masses are equal. c. The volumes are equal. d. The velocity is zero.

no net energy is exchanged

When both the pressure and the absolute temperature of an ideal gas are increased each by a factor of two, the volume occupied by the gas will Select one: a. increase by a factor of two. b. decrease by a factor of four. c. not change. d. increase by a factor of four. e. decrease by a factor of two.

not change

Both the pressure and volume of a given sample of an ideal gas double. This means that its temperature in Kelvin must Select one: a. quadruple. b. double. c. reduce to one-fourth its original value. d. remain unchanged.

quadruple

The planet Earth loses heat mainly by Select one: a. all of these b. convection. c. radiation. d. conduction.

radiation

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is Select one: a. increased by a factor of two. b. reduced to one-half. c. increased by a factor of three. d. reduced to one-third.

reduced to 1/3

When a gas is changed to a liquid state, the gas Select one: a. neither releases nor absorbs energy. b. releases energy. c. both releases and absorbs energy. d. absorbs energy.

releases energy

The requirement that a heat engine must give up some energy at a lower temperature in order to do work corresponds to which law of thermodynamics? Select one: a. first b. second c. third d. No law of thermodynamics applies.

second

A sample of an ideal gas is in a tank of constant volume. The sample absorbs heat energy so that its temperature changes from 300 K to 600 K. If v1 is the average speed of the gas molecules before the absorption of heat and v2 is their average speed after the absorption of heat, what is the ratio v2/ v1 ? Select one: a. 1/2 b. 4 c. 1 d. 2 e. sqrt2

sqrt2

According to the ideal gas Law, PV = constant for a given temperature. As a result, an increase in volume corresponds to a decrease in pressure. This happens because the molecules Select one: a. strike the container wall less often. b. collide with each other more frequently. c. move slower on the average. d. transfer less energy to the walls of the container each time they strike it.

strike the container wall less often

Energy transferred as heat occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in which of the following properties? Select one: a. specific heat b. density c. mass d. temperature

temperature

For an ideal gas, the internal energy U depends only on Select one: a. the amount of heat added to it. b. temperature. c. volume. d. entropy. e. pressure.

temperature

Which of the following is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules? Select one: a. elastic energy b. thermal equilibrium c. temperature d. potential energy

temperature

Which of the following is true during a phase change? Select one: a. Temperature decreases. b. Temperature remains constant. c. Temperature increases. d. There is no transfer of energy as heat.

temperature remains constant

An ideal heat engine has an efficiency of 50 percent. Which of the following statements is NOT true? Select one: a. The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the work done. b. The amount of energy exhausted as heat is half the energy added to the engine as heat. c. The amount of work done is half the energy added to the engine as heat. d. The amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the energy added to the engine as heat.

the amount of energy exhausted as heat equals the energy added as heat

The air in a room is composed principally of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. These have molecular weights of approximately 28, 32, and 44 g/mol respectively. If the three gases coexist in thermal equilibrium, Select one: a. the average kinetic energies of their molecules are equal. b. the kinetic energies, in increasing order are carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. c. the kinetic energies, in increasing order are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. d. the rms speeds of their molecules are equal. e. the rms speeds, in increasing order are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon.

the average kinetic energies are equal

Which of the following statements is NOT a correct assumption of the classical model of an ideal gas? Select one: a. The only appreciable forces on the molecules are those that occur during collisions. b. The collisions between molecules are inelastic. c. The volume of the molecules is negligible compared with the volume occupied by the gas. d. The molecules are in random motion. e. The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion.

the collisions between molecules are inelastic

If two small beakers of water, one at 70°C and one at 80°C, are emptied into a large beaker, what is the final temperature of the water? Select one: a. The water temperature will fluctuate. b. The final temperature is less than 70°C. c. The final temperature is between 70°C and 80°C. d. The final temperature is greater than 80°C.

the final temperature is between 70 and 80

A fixed container holds oxygen and helium gases at the same temperature. Which one of the following statements is correct? Select one: a. The oxygen molecules have the greater kinetic energy. b. The oxygen molecules have the greater speed. c. The helium molecules have the greater kinetic energy. d. The helium molecules have the greater speed.

the helium molecules have the greater speed

When a closed tin is heated, the pressure inside it increases. This happens because: Select one: a. The number of molecules increases on heating. b. The molecules now collide more with the walls of the tin than amongst themselves. c. The molecules move faster and each molecule strikes the walls of the tin more often. d. The molecules become heavier and strike the walls of the tin harder.

the molecules move faster and collide with the walls of the tin more often

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules at STP have Select one: a. the same average molecular speeds. b. the same diffusion rates. c. all of the above d. the same number of molecules.

the same number of molecules

During an isovolumetric process, which of the following does not change? Select one: a. pressure b. internal energy c. temperature d. volume

volume

When an ideal gas does positive work on its surroundings, which of the gas's quantities increases? Select one: a. volume b. internal energy c. temperature d. pressure

volume

Which of the following physical properties can be used to measure temperature using a thermometer? Select one: a. viscosity b. volume c. pressure d. density

volume

In nature, heat will always flow from a: Select one: a. large object to the small object. b. warm object to the cold object. c. small object to the large object. d. cold object to the warm object.

warm to cold