Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

What are the 3 compliance codes?

1. Athletic financial assistance 2. Accommodation of athletic interests and abilities. 3. Other program areas

In 2007, women earned _% of law degrees, compared with 7% in 1972.

48

In 2006, _% of all doctoral degrees to US citizens went to women, up from 25% in 1977,

49

In 2008, women received __% of medical degrees, compared with 9% in 1972.

49

What do the other program areas do?

All other benefits, opportunities, and treatments afforded sports participants are to be equivalent, but not necessarily identical.

For the application of Title IX to sport, women must have an _________ to participate as a whole, not on an individual basis.

Equal opportunity

Are girls and women less interested in sports than boys and men?

False. This is a gender based stereotype that perpetrates discrimination.

What does Athletic financial assistance do?

Financial assistance must be awarded based on the number of male and female athletes. The test is financial proportionality.

What does this amendment do?

It bans sex discrimination in schools, be it academic or athletic discrimination.

What does Title IX govern in athletic programs?

It governs the overall equity of treatment and opportunity in athletic programs.

Does Title IX only pertain to athletics?

NO!! Although Title IX is associated mostly with athletic programs, it is not just a "sports law". The law applies to all educational programs of institutions.

Have athletic opportunities for men decreased due to Title IX?

Participation rates have increased for both men and women at the high school and college levels.

Do schools have to offer the same number of men's and women's team?

Schools do not have to offer the same number of teams or a particular sport.

What does accommodation of athletic interests& abilities do?

There are 3 factors that are looked at consecutively: 1st: Whether opportunities for male/female students are provided substantially proportionate to their respective enrollments. 2nd: Where there is negligence in the first part, whether the institution can show a history and continuing practice of expansion toward reaching the goal of part one. 3rd: Where the first and second factors are not met, the institution must prove that members of the under-represented sex have been adequately accommodated.

Do schools have to cut men's athletic teams to be in compliance with Title IX?

no. It does not mandate certain # of sport teams or equal # of sports teams. Only has to be proportionate to # of people with interest.