tmd222 final quizzes
Americans spent __% of their income on clothing in 1960. They spend __% of their income on clothing today.
10, 3.5
In 1960 __% of clothing sold in the US was made in the US. Today __% of clothing sold in the US is made in the US.
95, 2
According to the article, "Clothed in Misery", what percentage would the price of an article of clothing have to go up to provide a living wage and safer conditions for the people who make our clothing? A. 1-3% B. 4-6% C. 7-10% D. 11-14%
A
According to the article, "Picking Apart Bamboo Couture", what fiber is bamboo, in reality? A. Rayon B. Polyester C. Wool D. Silk
A
As an apparel manufacturer, you are considering changing some of the extrinsic qualities of one line of apparel you make. These features include: A. hang tags, packaging, brand name, and price. B. style lines, fabrics, seam types, and stitch types. C. assembly methods and materials.
A
As apparel quality standards decrease, tolerances (allowed variances between the standard and the actual quality of a garment) will: A. increase. B. stay the same. C. decrease. D. I have no idea!
A
Primary markets include the A. growing, or raising (e.g. sheep) fibers B. production and distribution of end products C. production of findings D. production of buttons.
A
Read the following quote where Keen takes a unique perspective about copies made by another company of their rubber-toed sandals . "When we first saw that, I personally felt a bit of amazement to see how the outdoors is taking hold from a style perspective," said Erik Burbank, the Keen general manager for outdoor, lifestyle and kids. "Playful is part of our persona and our brand, and part of that is the desire to share in the fun and joy of the outdoors with as many people as possible. When we see big brands, especially sophisticated fashion brands, trying to capture some of that, we think it's pretty cool. And then we were humbled and kind of flattered." To which "sophisticated fashion brand" is the Keen general manager referring? A. Gucci B. Prada C. Louis Vuitton D. Chanel
A
Status pricing is: A. a demand-based pricing strategy where the list price is set far above the costs of production. B. a demand-based pricing strategy where prices are set slightly above the costs of production to maximize sales volumes. C. a demand-based pricing strategy where the price is set to match competitors' prices. D. a cost-based pricing strategy where the wholesale price is determined by multiplying unit cost by some 'reasonable' markup.
A
What is the difference between trademark infringement/counterfeiting and copyright infringement/design piracy? A. Copyright infringement/design piracy is unauthorized replication of copy-written artwork, while trademark infringement/counterfeiting involves the replication of a trademark or logo and falsely presenting a product as authentic. B. Copyright infringement/design piracy involves the replication of a trademark or logo and falsely presenting a product as authentic, while trademark infringement/counterfeiting is unauthorized replication of copy-written artwork.
A
What is the term for the activity where a manufacturer in Taiwan sells a pair of sneakers using cheaper materials with the identical logo and styling as Yeezy sneakers . A. Trademark Infringement/Counterfeiting B. Knocking off the Design C. Copyright Infringement/Design Piracy
A
Which of the following is an "essential quality indicator" in a garment, making the greatest contribution to the garment's cost and quality? A. fabric B. fiber C. brand name D. dyeing method
A
Which of the following organizations provides standards for many industries, not just the textile and apparel industries? A. ASTM B. AATCC
A
Which of the following stitch classes includes the stitch created by a thread coming from a bobbin and a thread coming from the needle? A. 300 class lockstitches B. 400 class interlooped chainstitches C. 100 class interlooped chainstitches D. 500 class interlooped overedge stitches
A
Which of the following stitch classes is used to wrap thread around the raw edges of fabric seams to protect them from unraveling? It is also used to join seams in knit fabrics. A. 500 class interlooped overedge stitches B. 100 class interlooped chainstitches C. 300 class lockstitches D. 400 class interlooped chainstitches
A
Which of the following will negatively affect the flow of work through an apparel factory? A. slow machine operators B. brand new machines C. fabric with perfectly cut edges
A
Which type of zipper is the strongest? A. Zipper teeth ("elements") which are separate from one another and made of metal. B. Zipper teeth ("elements") which are joined by a coil and made of plastic.
A
Why did textile manufacturing shift from New England during the 1800s then to the American South in the 1930s and finally to other countries like Mexico and China in the last quarter of the 1900s? A. It was the result of the search for cheaper and cheaper labor to run the looms. B. It became difficult to find workers to run the looms because American workers no longer wanted to work in textile mills. C. So that larger quantities of textiles could be manufactured in order to meet the increasing demand. D. It became difficult to find workers to run the looms because the flow of immigrant labor from other countries slowed in the United States.
A
is an apparel production system where garment pieces move together on an overhead transport rail. A. Unit Production System B. Modular Production System C. Progressive Bundle System
A
is an apparel production system where machines are grouped together to create mini-factories. Operators work as a group and are cross-trained on all machines. A. Modular Production System B. Progressive Bundle System C. Unit Production System
A
According to the article "Closing the Circle", why has manufacturing clothing not yet been fully automated with robotics? There are multiple correct answers. Select all that apply. A. Cheap labor can still be found around the world. B. In 2006 when this article was written, transportation costs were relatively inexpensive. C. Sewing clothing requires the human hand to guide fabric into machines. Robotics have yet to replicate the full dexterity of the human hand. D. There is no interest in developing robotics for apparel manufacturing.
A B C
In the documentary, "China Blue", for which of the offenses could you be given a monetary fine? A. Sleeping on the job. B. Arriving late to the factory floor. C. Forgetting your identification card.
A B C
In which of the following situations are company standards important? There is more than one answer. A. licensing agreements B. developing grade rules for pattern sizes C. negotiating production contracts
A B C
Quality perceptions vary according to which of the following? There are multiple correct answers. A. end-use of the garment B. one's income C. one's values
A B C
The quality of a fabric spread in preparation for cutting is affected by which of the following? There is more than one answer. A. static B. tension in the fabric C. ply alignment
A B C
Which of the following fabric characteristics will affect the efficiency of a marker? There is more than one answer. A. fabric with a nap B. need for matching a design C. fabric width
A B C
Why doesn't clothing decompose or disintegrate quickly once put into land fills? There is more than one answer. A. Most clothing is made from fabrics containing more than one fiber type. One fiber can decompose while the other won't. B. Clothing often has buttons, zippers and polyester threads that don't easily decompose. C. Some clothing fabrics have coating which can delay decomposition.
A B C
According to the article "Loosing the Thread," the textile industry was at the forefront of technological innovation for a very long time. Why have those innovations been forgotten? There are multiple answers. Choose all that apply. A. Environmental campaigns made synthetic a synonym for toxic. B. Intense global competition drove down prices of fibres and fabric, making textiles and apparel a less noticeable part of household budgets, and turning textile makers into unglamorous, commodity businesses. C. For the first time in human history, generations of women across the developed world have grown up without learning the needle arts. D. The rise of computers and software as the very definition of 'high technology' led to the eclipsing other industries.
A B C D
The height of a fabric spread depends on which of the following? There is more than one answer. A. the vertical capacity of the spreader-the height available under the spreader B. size of the order to be cut C. fabric characteristics such as the thickness of the fabric D. cutting method
A B C D
Who is responsible for maintaining/controlling quality in apparel manufacturing? There are multiple correct answers. A. quality assurance managers B. quality control engineers C. machine operators D. pattern makers
A B C D
Why is developing clothing that fits real people challenging for apparel companies? There are multiple correct answers. A. Pattern grading often doesn't reflect the real changes in bodies from size to size. B. The women's apparel industry is entrenched in size specialization, refusing to accept size standardization. C. The fit analysis and correction skills required by technical designers can take 10+ years of on-the-job training. D. There is a shortage of technical designers, the people who perfect the fit of garments, because there is no system for training technical designers. E. Most companies use dress forms to check the fit of their garments which were not created using valid data about real bodies.
A B C D E
Select all of the following that contributed to the growth of the ready-to-wear apparel industry during the 19th century (1800s). A. influx of immigrants B. the availability of inexpensive textiles C. growth of the middle class D. the invention of rayon fiber E. invention of the sewing machine
A B C E
What information does the Textile Fiber Product Identification Act (TFPIA) require in clothing labels found in the United States? There is more than one correct answer. Select all that are correct. A. Country of Origin B. Fiber content C. Label for Brand Name D. Manufacturer's name/RN number
A B D
Why doe the United States no longer make much clothing? A. Quotas and duties (taxes) were reduced in trade deals meant to increase world trade. B. US markets for expensive clothing are small; Americans want to purchase inexpensive clothing. C. It is difficult to find people who want to work in textile mills and clothing factories. D. The cost of American labor is high, thus clothing made in the US is more expensive.
A B D
What is the Sustainable Apparel Coalition? Choose all of the correct answers. A. A group of retailers and clothiers like Patagonia that seeks to reduce the environmental impact of their members' operations. B. A group of retailers and clothiers that want to prevent sustainability initiatives from being legally required for apparel company products. C. An organization that has created the Higgs Index that measures the environmental performance of apparel products.
A C
Which of the following are advantages of manufacturing apparel in the United States? There is more than one answer. A. No tariffs or quotas B. Low labor costs C. Up-to-date skills in the work force D. Gives workers in the United States much-needed jobs. E. Shorter lead times
A C D E
Worst Case Scenario Design
A philosophy by which a product is created to work effectively in every situation in which it might be used, even if that situation is rare. It leads to products that are very hard on the environment.
Buffers
A planned backlog of work available
Cradle to Cradle
A production system model where the waste products of a manufacturing process become the nutrients for another product or production stage.
Bottleneck
Any constraint to throughput, including a beginning operator or equipment failure
A "nest" is: A. one pattern for a particular style shown in only the larger sizes that will be produced B. one pattern for a particular style shown in all of the sizes that will be produced C. one pattern for a particular style shown in only the smaller sizes that will be produced
B
A vertical retailer is looking for a manufacturing contractor that offers full-package production. What kind of manufacturer are they looking for? A. a manufacturer that will purchase the finished goods from an independent supplier B. a manufacturer that sources the material and produces the finished goods. C. a manufacturer that does part of the production and then contracts out the rest to another contractor. D. a manufacturer that produces the finished goods
B
As an apparel manufacturer, you are considering changing some of the extrinsic qualities of one line of apparel you make. These features include: A. style lines, fabrics, seam types, and stitch types. B. hang tags, packaging, brand name, and price. C. assembly methods and materials. D. a and c
B
In the "China Blue" documentary, which of the following was Jasmine's job? (Jasmine was the worker featured most prominently in the film) A. stitching jean leg hems B. cutting and trimming extra threads from finished jeans C. sewing zippers into jeans D. pressing jeans
B
Independent contractors hired by traditional apparel manufacturers and vertical retailers to source materials and production all over the world are known as: A. fabric research and development directors B. sourcing agents C. materials buyers/sourcers D. specifications writers
B
Marker efficiency in apparel industry CAD/CAM programs is calculated as: A. none of these B. % utilization of fabric C. yards and inches D. meters and centimeters
B
Technical designers do which of the following kinds of work? Choose the best answer. A. Draw initial sketches for a clothing line. B. Adjust the fit of sample garments to fit "real women". C. Make production patterns. D. Grade production patterns.
B
The Council of Fashion Designers of America believes a copyright law protecting garment design is necessary now more than ever primarily because: A. clothing is no longer a 'utilitarian' object as defined by copyright law. B. the speed of communication has increased dramatically due to the internet. C. luxury apparel design firms are greedy and elitist. D. they believe the origin of every design style can be credited to one designer.
B
The cutting pitch: A. is the angle of the spreading table in relation to the cutting device (knife). B. is the angle at which the cutting device (knife) contacts the spread.
B
What philosophy of inspection does the "trim and inspect" system of quality inspection generally use? A. economic value B. 100% inspection C. statistical/random sampling D. none of these
B
What were "slops"? A. An early form of ready made or custom-made clothing tailors sold to the wealthy. B. An early form of ready made or custom-made clothing tailors sold to lower classes of men like sailors, miners, and slaves. C. An early form of ready made or custom-made clothing tailors sold to the middle classes. D. An early form of ready made or custom-made clothing created by tailors.
B
Which apparel production system empowers teams of machine operators and reduces absenteeism, yet can be expensive due to the higher training costs? A. Progressive Bundle System B. Modular Production System C. Unit Production System
B
Which of the following dictates trends today? Choose the best answer. A. World Global Style Network (WGSN) B. Social Media C. The Color Association of the US D. The Kardashians
B
Which of the following organizations provides standards for stitches and seams? A. The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) B. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
B
Which of the following organizations provides test method development, quality control materials, education, and professional networking for the textile and materials industries? It was originally an organization that provided test methods and standards for the textile dying industry. A. ASTM B. AATCC
B
Why have luxury designers been creating capsule collections for lower-priced retailers like H&M and Target? Choose the best answer. A. To bring luxury to the middle classes. B. To increase awareness of the brand and thus expand the brand's audience. C. To increase profits.
B
Why were you given a photograph of your woven shirt to help you create the technical illustration? A. To provide a template for an exact tracing of the contours of the shirt. B. To provide a guide for the correct proportions/sizes for each part of the shirt.
B
Which of the following affect the productivity of cutting? There is more than one answer. A. fabric with a printed pattern B. fabric characteristics C. spread height D. cutting equipment and method
B C D
According to the articles, "The Changing, Challenging Role of Apparel Design," and "The Complexity of Design," what are the challenges of being a designer? There are multiple correct answers. Choose all that are correct. A. Too many parties, too little time. B. A designer must be able to think outside the box and translate trends into commercially viable clothing. C. A designer must be able to react to trends quickly because the trend cycle is very fast. D. A designer's original designs might be copied. E. A designer must know how to communicate, verbally and visually, with many different types of people, from the merchandisers to pattern makers. F. A designer must keep costs in mind as s/he is creating apparel designs. G. A designer must know how to us PDM/PLM software and CAD software.
B C D E F G
A is a logo or design signature registered with the government that distinguishes one company from another. A. trade secret B. copyright C. trademark D. patent
C
Determined by a company's size and fit standards, this is the exact amounts by which parts of a production pattern are increased and decreased to create the desired sizes: A. nesting. B. grade points. C. grade rules. D. specifications.
C
In a seam, the narrow width of fabric between the seam/stitching line and the cut edge is known as a: A. selvage. B. superimposed seam. C. seam allowance/margin. D. area where fabric can be wasted.
C
Price lining is what kind of pricing method? A. A pricing method where the list price is set barely above costs in order to maximize sales volume and increase market share. B. A pricing method where the price is set to match competitors' prices. C. A pricing method where a group of garments of varying costs are grouped together and sold at one price.
C
The total amount of materials, product parts, or finished goods that an apparel brand needs from the factory they are hiring to do their production: A. demonstrated capacity. B. production capacity. C. required capacity.
C
What is the term for the activity where Forever 21 creates a dress that has the exact same style and fabric as a dress designed by Diane Von Furstenburg? A. Trademark Infringement/Counterfeiting B. Copyright Infringement/Design Piracy C. Knocking off a design
C
Which of the following is a source for primary trend information? Choose the best answer. A. Vogue magazine B. Fashion directors for retailers C. The Color Association of the United States D. Large apparel markets like New York City
C
Which process in the life cycle of a pair of jeans did Levi's discover had the least impact on water and energy usage? A. The raising of the cotton for the denim. B. The care and washing of the jeans during their time with the consumer. C. The manufacturing process.
C
Why is making plus size clothing challenging? A. Some companies don't want to design for larger people. B. Plus-sized clothing requires more fabric. C. Larger people have body shapes which are less similar to one another than smaller bodies and thus developing clothing for them requires more technical knowledge.
C
Your huge corporate firm is planning to order a large amount of wool, twenty thousand yards, to make jackets for your Fall and Winter career wear line. You will most likely buy your fabric from a: A. jobber. B. fabric retailer. C. mill representative. D. converter.
C
is a term which describes the process by which a trendy design is offered at every quality level and price point. It is a phenomenon that explains why copyrighting clothing designs would not work in the apparel industry because copyrighting would limit the diffusion of fashion to everyone. A. induced obsolescence B. utilitarian C. anchoring
C
is an apparel production system where bundles of garment pieces move sequentially through the conversion process. A. Unit Production System B. Modular Production System C. Progressive Bundle System
C
is the inspection philosophy whereby a small number of garments are inspected in a bundle. If a specified number fail, the bundle fails. A. 100 % inspection B. trim and inspect C. random sampling D. final audit
C
A style is one that takes decades to move through the fashion cycle. It will be produced season after season. A. dinosaur B. fad C. trendy D. classic
D
This quality control method is a set of general guidelines established by companies to reflect the overall quality of their products. A. wear testing B. specifications C. laboratory testing D. standards
D
This type of quality control tool requires that very precise guidelines be followed in the assembly of garments and include information about materials; garment measurements; and exact stitch, seam, and edge finishing classes and types. A. standards B. laboratory testing C. wear testing D. specifications
D
Using parody as a form of expression on clothing, such as putting "Meow Meow" on a t-shirt as a reference to the designer brand, Miu Miu, is legally protected by which of the following? A. copyright B. trademark C. patent D. the first amendment of the US Constitution.
D
What is the most expensive part of a garment? A. shipping B. trims C. labor D. fabric
D
What type of quality inspection system is done at various stages while the garment is being constructed? A. final audit B. trim and inspect C. testing D. in-line inspection
D
Which of the following is a voluntary standard and not a US national standard legally mandated for apparel manufacturers? A. country of origin regulations. B. the Flammability Act. C. care labeling. D. size labeling.
D
Which of the following software programs in Quinn 215 are we using to create the technical illustration of your woven shirt? A. Lectra Modaris ExpertPro B. Adobe Photoshop C. Adobe Illustrator D. Lectra Kaledo Style
D
Which of the following tolerances for a size 8 jean waistline measurement will lead to the lowest quality due to the inconsistency of fit between all size 8 jeans? A. 26" to 28" B. 26.5" to 27.5" C. 26.75" to 27.25" D. 25" to 29"
D
are data based on characteristics of peoples' lifestyle values-interests, attitudes, and opinions. A. focus groups B. demographics C. census reports D. psychographics
D
is known as a perceived level of value. It is a range of intrinsic product characteristics and extrinsic cues in any combination that might satisfy a customer's needs. A. performance features B. physical features C. economic value D. quality
D
Sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Your company makes branded apparel for wholesale. What are the steps in the production cycle for your product? Match the order number to the stage in the production cycle. A. Sourcing & Costing B. Promotion & Sales C. Production D. Pre-production E. Evaluate Previous Line & Trend Analys F. Design G. Distribution to Retailers
E F A D C B G
EF is the acronym for the ____ seam class.
EDGE FINISH
It isn't important to shop the market in order to identify new customers or products. True False
FALSE
Markers which include patterns with different grain orientations, some on the bias and some on the lengthwise grain for example, will create a more efficient marker than a marker containing patterns with identical grain orientations. True False
FALSE
Most women in America have an hourglass body shape. True False
FALSE
This is an extra credit question worth 1 point, which will be added after the quiz submission by the professor. "Zero waste" design is a new concept; it has never been used in the history of making clothing. True False
FALSE
is a materials handling philosophy or method in which the supplies for manufacturing arrive at the factory immediately before they are used in production.
JUST IN TIME
Balancing
Planning a smooth work flow with a steady supply of work for each operation
Crude Products
Products that are affordable, meet regulations, last long enough to meet market expectations, and perform well enough. They fulfill the manufacturers desires and some of the customers' expectations but are not designed with human or ecological health in mind.
S is the acronym for the ____ seam class.
SUPERIMPOSED
Apparel manufacturers examine garments that have been returned to them by retailers or customers in order develop future apparel lines. True False
TRUE
Higher quality standards for clothing mean that the manufacturing process will take more time and thus the volume, or number of clothing that can be finished, is reduced. True False
TRUE
Sustainable apparel manufacturing strategies include the ethical treatment of workers in apparel factories. True False
TRUE
The rapid production cycles of fast fashion sold by companies like Zara and H&M contribute to unsafe workers' conditions in Bangladeshi clothing factories. True False
TRUE
The stitching design on the back pocket of Levi's jeans is a registered trademark. True False
TRUE
True or False. Costs associated with manufacturing a garment are estimated while a garment is being designed. True False
TRUE
True or False. The instructor reserves the right to add readings, quizzes and online forums to TMD 222 Apparel Production not already on the syllabus. True False
TRUE
When using the program to create technical illustrations, multiple objects created on the screen, lines and circles for example, can be "grouped" together to create one object. True False
TRUE
Work Flow
The movement of materials & garment parts through the conversion process
Work in Progress
The number of garments under production at a given time
Throughput
The volume of work that can be completed in a given amount of time
Zero-Waste Clothing Design
When garment patterns are created in such a way that no fabric is thrown away-all the fabric is used in the garment
Cradle to Grave model of production
When resources are shaped into products, sold, and eventually disposed of in a landfill or incinerator. It is a system where products are designed to last only a short period of time, in order to encourage consumers to buy a newer model and where it is cheaper to buy a new version of a product than to repair the original
Can textile print designs be copyright protected? Please explain why or why not.
Yes textile prints can be copyright protected. They can be copyright protected because they can be considered original artwork. They must be officially/legally copyrighted to be protected; copyright doesn't happen automatically. Many companies do not copyright textile prints because it would take too much time and effort, thus cutting into company profits.