Topic 1: Globalization and Contemporary World

David Suzuki

"Conventional Economics is a form of Brain Damage"

George Carlin

"Governments don't want well informed, well educated people capable of critical thinking. That is against their interests. They want obedient workers, people who are just smart enough to run the machines and do the paperwork. And just dumb enough to passively accept it."

Edward Abbey

"Growth for the sake of growth is the ideology of the cancer cell"

Henry Ford (The World Bank)

"It is well enough that people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary system, for if they did, i believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning"

Optimist, Pessimist, Academics

Different Views on Globalization (3)

Academic view

Different Views on Globalization: globalization lacks precise definition and there is a global shift

Polarity, Multilateralism, Regionalism, Global Divide

Elements of Contemporary Order: Structural Elements (4)

Take-Off Phase

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization: 1870s to mid 1920s; increase in number and speed of global forms of communication, rise of ecumenical movement, development of global competitions, implementation of world time, near global adoption of Gregorian calendar, First world war, and league of nations

False

True or False: Globalization is a new phenomenon

Eurasian, Afro-Eurasian, Oriental 1, Oriental 2, Multicentric, Euro-Atlantic, 20C, 21C

7 Phases of the Origin of globalization - E,A,O1, O2, M, E, 20, 21

Improved communication Improved transport Free Trade Agreement Global Banking Growth of MNCs

Causes of Globalization (5)

Connectivity, Borderless Globe, Free trade, Cultural Diversity, Mobility, Information technology changes

Characteristics of Globalization (6) - CBFCMI

Globaphilia optimist view

Different Views on Globalization: Emphasis on positive aspects of globalization; global communication revolution, growth in international travel, and empower local communities to produce own media products

Globaphobia pessimist view

Different Views on Globalization: Emphasis on the negative aspects of globalization; imbalance, threat to labor and culture, restricting individual freedom, and less regulated multichannel media systems.

Changed Food Supply Division of Labor Less Job Security Damage to the Environment Cultural Impact Increase in Anti-Globalisation Protest

Effects of Globalization (6)

Global Divide

Elements of Contemporary Order (Structural Elements): describes global disparities, primarily between developed and developing countries, in regards to access to computing and information resources such as the Internet and the opportunities derived from such access.

Polarity

Elements of Contemporary Order (Structural Elements): is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system. The type of system is completely dependent on the distribution of power and influence of states in a region or globally.

regionalism

Elements of Contemporary Order (Structural Elements): is the expression of a common sense of identity and purpose combined with the creation and implementation of institutions that express a particular identity and shape collective action within a geographical region

multilateralism

Elements of Contemporary Order (Structural Elements): refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal.

Social state, identity, economic order, liberal rights

Elements of Contemporary Order : Purposive Elements (4)

hardwired, cycle, phase, events, broader

Five ways of thinking about the origin of globalization (5) - HCPEB

Hardwired

Origin of Globalization: Stems, among other things, from basic human urge to seek better and more fulfilling life; leads to trace the initial globalization of the human species

Cycles

Origin of Globalization: difficult to find a single point of origin

Broader

Origin of globalization: a sense in this view that a sea change occurred in the last half of the 20th century. Three of these momentous changes have been identified by scholars as the point of origin of globalization as it exist today; emergence of US as the global power and emergence of MNCs

Events

Origin of globalization: instead of cycles or great epochs, one can point to much more specific occurrences that can be seen as the origin of globalization

Phases

Origin of globalization: occurred sequentially each with its point of origin

Germinal, Incipient, Take-off, Struggle for hegemony, uncertainty

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization (5) - GITSU

Germinal Phase

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization: 15C - mid 18C; In Europe, sun-centered view of the universe, beginning of modern geography, and spread of Gregorian calendar.

Struggle-for-hegemony phase

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization: 1920s to mid 1960s; WW II and disputes, Cold War, over the still fragile globalization process and UN is formed

Uncertainty Phase

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization: 1960s to early 1990s; inclusion of the Third World in the global system, end of cold war, spread of nuclear weapons, world civil society, world citizenship, and global media system consolidation

Incipient Phase

Other perspective of Phase of the Origin of Globalization: mid 1700's to the 1870s; crystallization of conceptions of formalized international relations, more concrete conception of human kind, and increases in conventions and agencies concerned with international and transnational regulation and communication

Afro-Eurasian Phase

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 1000 BCE; commercial revolutions commenced in the Greco-Roman world, West Asia, and East Africa

Oriental Phase II

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 1100; improvements in productivity and technology emerged throughout East and South Asia, with increased urbanization and development of the silk routes

Multicentric Phase

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 1500; trade expanded across the Atlantic Ocean and into the Americas

Euro-Atlantic

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 1800; euro-atlantic economy through industrialization and the colonial division of labor

20C Phase

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 1950; MNC's and global value chains emerged throughout the US, Europe, and Japan and the Cold war ended

21C

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 2000; A new geography of trade encompasses East Asia and the emerging economies, with a global rebalancing of power and economic flows

Eurasian Phase

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 3000 BCE; agricultural and urban revolutions, migrations, increased trade and ancient empires grew out of Eurasia.

Oriental Phase 1

Phases of the Origin of globalization: 500 BCE; world economy emerged alongside the caravan trade in the Middle East

Hyperglobalist

Positions in Globalization Debate: End of nation-state; decline of governmental/political power; dominating global governance, capitalism and civil society

Skeptics

Positions in Globalization Debate: argue that the side effects of globalization on the society are much greater than its positive effects, internationalization depends on state acquiescence and support; separated and regionalized

transfomstionalist

Positions in Globalization Debate: government increase but nature changes, transforming state power and world politics

Globalization according to Grewal/Levy

Process by which goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas flow across national borders

Hyperglobalist, skeptics, transformationalist

Three Positions in Globalization Debate

True

True or False: 3 billion people living in 24 developed countries that increased their integration into the world economy enjoyed an average 5% growth rate in income per capita, longer life expectancy and better schooling

True

True or False: Global income per year is 31 trillion dollars but 1.2 billion people of the world's population earn less than 1 dollar a day.

True

True or False: Globalization is the most important factor in shaping world economy.

True

True or False: In the past, countries are self-sufficient, local products are for local consumption and trade between countries are limited.

True

True or False: The digital and information revolution has changed the way the world learns, communicate, does business and treats illnesses.

True

True or False: Today, most countries are interconnected and the form one part of a single, interdependent global economy.

False

True or False: We are not part of Globalization.

Economic, social, political

Types of Globalization (3)

Economic

Types of Globalization: countries trade with one another and have few barriers

Political

Types of Globalization: governmental cooperations between countries

Social

Types of Globalization: how easily information and ideas pass between people in their own country and between different countries

Globalized, international, world, globalized international

Typology of World Order (4)

Globalized

Typology of World Order: Global system; end of national politics, societies and economies

Globalized international

Typology of World Order: Globalized states; agenda of managing relations between states penetrated by global system

international

Typology of World Order: States; concern with agenda of sovereignty and stability

World

Typology of World Order: humanity; concern with agenda of rights, needs and justice

80, 20

_____ % of the global population earns only _____% of the global income and within many countries exist a large gap between rich and poor.

multinational corporation

a company that is heavily engaged in international trade, beyond exporting and importing

Globalization according to Edward S. Herman

both an active process of corporate expansion across borders and a structure of cross border facilities and economic linkages that has been steadily growing and changing

Economic Globalization

refers to economics: global distribution of products and services through reduction of barriers and free trade

Globalization

refers to the increasingly global relationships of cultures, people, economic activity.

Globalization

the homogenization of people's taste and demand patterns around the world due to increased access to intl communication and transportation.

global economy

the interdependent economies of the world's nations, regarded as a single economic system

Global Shift

the large-scale filter-down of economic activity from developed countries to NICs (newly industrialized countries) and developing countries

Globalization according to Wild/Han

trend toward greater economic, cultural, political and technological interdependence among national institutions, and economies"