trb - plant 1

Choose all that are dead when functional.

Vessel elements Tracheids

Which of the following happens to the molecule formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate?

Which of the following happens to the molecule formed by the addition of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate?

A graph depicting the efficiency of photon absorption by a pigment molecule as a function of photon wavelength is known as the

absorption spectrum of the pigment

cartenoids

any class of mainly, red, yellow , orange pigment fat soluble pigments including carotene which give colour to plants like tomatoes, autumn leaves

epidermis derives from what

apical meristem

The electron transport chain directly associated with photosystem II is used to generate

atp

Where is the abscission zone of a leaf located?

base of petiole( stalk that joins leaf to stem)

what occurs during carbon fixation

carbon dioxide is incorporated into a molecule of ribulose biphosphate forming an unstable 6 carbon intermediate that immediately splits into two 3-carbon molecules.

third stage of photosynthesis also called

carbon fixation

Which cells of the root undergo asymmetrical growth in response to gravity?

cells in distil elongation zone

where is rubisco located?

chloroplast stroma

Neither monocots nor herbaceous eudicots have

cork cambium in their stems therefore they can't produce bark

oxygenic photosynthesis found in

cyanobacteria, 7 groups algae, all land plants

describes vessel elements and tracheids at maturity?

dead

tracheids

dead cells that taper at the end and overlap one another - part of xylem

Describe the phototropism response of plant stems.

directional in response to blue light

leaves with dense trichomes

do not lose as much water as those with sparse trichomes.

In roots, cells in the zone of_________undergo asymmetric growth in response to gravity.

elongation

stroma contains

enzymes needed to assemble organic molecules from CO2.

first dermal tissue called

epidermis

carbon fixation

formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide is called

ground tissue function

functions of storage, photosynthesis, secretion, support and protection

In contrast to eudicot leaves, monocot leaves

grow directly from the stem to form a leaf sheath and have parallel veins.

Girdling can result in the death of a tree by

interrupting transport of solutes through the vascular tissue called phloem

abscission?

leaves or petals are shed

cyclic reactions in carbon fixation do not require what

light - can occur whether or not light is present. - light independent reactions

stem is placed on its side, auxin causes

lower cells to elongate

cell division in adult plants are concentrated in regions called

meristem

eudicots have ____ veins

netted

Plant cell types can often be distinguished from one another based

on the thickness of their cellulose cell wall

typicla thickness of epidermis

one layer of cells

stomata

opening in the epidermis of plants, usually flanked by two guard cells

vascular cambium produces

phloem to the outside and xylem to the inside.

anoxygenic photosynthesis

photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

oxygenic photosynthesis

photosynthesis that does produce oxygen

Auxin is the major hormone responsible for

phototropism

thylakoid membrane contains

pigment molecules, including chlorophyll.

what molecules absorb light energy as the first step in a plant's response to light?

pigments

what of the following adaptations is beneficial for annual plants that live in climates with seasonal drought?

production of seeds

seed germination stimulated by ____ and inhibited by

red light far red light

During photosynthesis, glucose is produced via the_______ co2

reduction

abbreviation RuBP stands for

ribulose 1,5-biphosphate

two systems in plant body are

root system and shoot system

two conducting cells in phloem are

sieve cells sieve tube elements

function of xylem

structural support mineral transport water transport

cuticle is a layer made of

the fatty substance cutin covering the epidermis

mesophyll

thick layer of cells that are rich in chloroplasts and encompasses all tissues between lower and upper epidermis

xylem of gymnosperms contains only one of the two types of water conducting cells, namely

tracheids

xylem of gymnosperms is made of

tracheids only

root hairs

tubular extensions of epidermal cells

most efficient type of water conducting cell in the xylem.

vessel

transpiration

water vapour diffuses out of the plant, mostly through the stomata

woody stem, the tissue just inside the vascular cambium is secondary

xylem

3 stages of photosyntehsis in plants

1. Capturing energy from the sunlight 2.Making ATP and NADPH 3.Using ATP and NADPH to produce organic compounds from CO2

root gravitropic response steps

1. perception of gravity 2. mechanical signal transduced to physiological signal in cell that perceived gravity 3. physiological signal transduced inside cell and externally to other cells 3. differential cell elongation

How many types of photosystems are found in chloroplasts

2

Typically, it is considered that the net gain of the Calvin cycle is(are)

2 molecules of G3P

anoxygenic photosynthesis occurs in

4 bacterial groups purple, green sulfur bacteria, green nonsulfur bacteria , helio bacteria

If the light reactions produce roughly equal amounts of ATP and NADPH, how can plant cells ensure that there is enough ATP for the Calvin cycle?

Because of cyclic photophosphorylation

Why is the Calvin cycle also known as C3 photosynthesis?

Because the first molecule in the cycle has 3 carbon atoms

all that happen through stomata (assume this question is about a plant which is actively photosynthesizing during the day).

Carbon dioxide enters leaves. Water vapors exit leaves. Oxygen exits leaves.

features of meristems.

Cells in meristems can divide an indefinite number of times They are composed of undifferentiated cells

In negative gravitropism, how do cells respond to auxin?

Cells on the lower side of a stem grow more rapidly than cells on the upper side

two most important kinds of pigments in chloroplasts?

Chlorophylls and carotenoids

environmental factors that may influence seed dormancy

Day length Temperature

where is rubisco located

In the chloroplast stroma

gravitropism

It is growth in response to gravity.

Which of the following statements best describes the properties of light? Multiple choice question.

Light has properties of both a particle and a wave.

electron transport chain directly associated with photosystem I is used to generate

NADPH

photosystem

Photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplast that are organised into distinct clusters

cyclic photophosphorylation.

Plant cells can produce additional amounts of ATP to fuel calvin cycle

what produces phytochrome

Plants Some green algae

examples of dormancy.

Shedding of leaves by annual plants Perennial herbs that spend the winter as roots Protection of apical meristems in scales

Which of the following membranes contains pigments in a green plant?

The thylakoid membrane

guard cells

The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore.

hormone functions

They are involved in plant responses to the environment. They function in internally regulated development.

features of monocot and eudicot stems

They have green, photosynthetic, stems. They may have various types of trichomes. They do not have cork cambium.

trichomes functions

They provide a buffer against temperature fluctuations. They protect plants against UV radiation. They keep the leaf surface cool.

Select all features of plant cells that are used to distinguish among cell types.

Thickness of secretions in the cell wall Vacuole size Whether cells are alive at maturity