TX Hist 2301

Caddos

Coastal Plains, Main crop was corn, but grew other crops,were Hunters and fishers, built houses that were relatively permanent- built of cedar frames, worshiped in large wooden temples , The Caddo word for friends or allies is Tejas which is where the name of our state is derived.

De Leon (Spain)

Conquistador, conquered Yucatan and Florida

Baron de Bastrop

Dutch businessman who helped Moses Austin and Stephen F. Austin establish a colony in Texas

Piney Woods

East Texas, high in water resources, 32-50 in. of annual rainfall, forested area, mainly pine trees, Lumber WETTEST REGION, the Piney Woods Forests stretch across eastern Texas, northwestern Louisiana, and southwestern Arkansas. This ecoregion includes parts of what is commonly known as the Big Thicket region of east Texas.

San Marcos

Founded by Dr Eli T. Merriman. San Marcos already had 387 residents. In 1851 General Burleson, William Lindsey, and Dr. Eli T.Merriman took possession of a 640-acre section of the Juan Veramendi grant and laid out the town center.

Green DeWitt

An important American empresario who settled 166 families in the area near present day Gonzales.

Cross Timbers

Grasslands and woodlands, Sub region of north central Plains, Ft. Worth in this region

Guadalupe

Guadalupe is five miles southeast of Victoria in the center of some of Victoria County's richest and oldest farmlands. Pioneer farmers and ranchers settled the area in the late 1820s, soon after Martín De León established his colony in 1824.

Coahuiltecans

On the Coastal Plains, hunters and gatherers who lived in huts but often moved in search of food.

Erasmo Seguin

Helped Moses Austin obtain approval from Spanish officials to settle American colonists in Texas.

labor

Human effort directed toward producing goods and services

Comanches

Plains Indians who were nomadic hunter-gatherers; depended heavily on bison, maintained huge herds of horses, and were devastating warriors.

Crilollos

In Hispanic America, Criollo is a term used originally to describe people of Spanish descent born in the colonies. In different Latin American countries the word has come to have different meanings, sometimes referring to the local-born majority. In Spanish colonial times criollo referred to a full-blooded Spaniard born in the Spanish colonies in Asia and the Americas.

Lower Plains

In Texas it comprises the Western Cross Timbers (see CROSS TIMBERS) and the Red Beds Plains, roughly between the Colorado and Red rivers on the north and south and between the Caprock on the west and a line paralleling the eastern boundaries of Montague, Wise, Parker, and Hood counties on the east.

Edwards Plateau

Located between dry western plains and most prairies and woods .Erosion has left shallow soils. Sudden rain causes flooding. Edwards Aquifer supplies most water for area. Sub Region of Great Plains Region

Tonkawas

Located in central Texas. They were a mobile tribe much like the Comanches and hunted bison, deer, and an assortment of smaller game. They had early contact with the Spanish resulting in the tribe obtaining horses by the mid-1500s. They were the traditional enemy of the Apaches, often siding with whoever fought against them.

Tejas

Name the Spanish explorers gave present-day Texas

High Plains

North West Texas Panhandle, low water resources, cold winters, very flat land, grass, and shrubs PRAIRIES

Sietes Leyes

Seven Laws were a series of constitutional changes that fundamentally altered the organizational structure of Mexico, ending the first federal period and creating a unitary republic, the Central Republic.

South Texas Plains

South Texas, good water resources, mild winter, flat with rolling hills, shrubs and small trees ACIDIC SANDY SOIL

Jumanos

This Native Texan group's people were farmers and sometimes traders. Also, they made their houses out of a material called adobe.They lived in the Mountains and Basins along the Rio Grande River.

Victoria

The city of Guadalupe Victoria was founded in 1824 by Martín De León, a Mexican empresario, in honor of Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of the Republic of Mexico. Victoria was initially part of De León's Colony, which had been founded that same year. By 1834, the town had a population of approximately 300.

Gonzales

The location of the first fight of the Texas Revolution, History. Gonzales is one of the earliest Anglo-American settlements in Texas, the first west of the Colorado River. It was established by Empresario Green DeWitt as the capital of his colony in August 1825. DeWitt named the community for Rafael Gonzáles, governor of Coahuila y Tejas.

Gulf Coastal Plain

a broad lowland along the Gulf of Mexico

alcaldes (Burgos)

a magistrate or mayor in a Spanish, Portuguese, or Latin American town.

empresario

a person who arranged for the settlement of land in Texas during the 1800s

Martin de Leon

an empresario who started a colony of about 200 Tejano families in Victoria Texas

Hacendados

owners of large landed estates producing both livestock and crops for markets

Karankawa

inhabited the Gulf Coast of Texas from Galveston Bay to Corpus Christi, hunters & gatherers, fishermen, built canoes and long bows, thought to be the first Native Americans to make contact w/the Europeans. In the early 1530s, Alvar Nunez Vabeza de Vaca and 3 others were shipwrecked off the Texas coast. Cabeza de Vaca lived among the ______ for 6 years

San Patricios

irish who served in US army who deserted US army to fight with Mexico because of abuse

Mestizos

A person of mixed Native American and European ancestory

Sitio

A sitio (from Spanish) is a space that is or can be occupied by something. In the Philippines the word denotes a subdivision of a barrio.

Stephen Austin

American who settled in Texas, one of the leaders for Texan independence from Mexico

Apaches

A group of Native Americans in the southwest who refused to go to the reservation, attacking settlers in Arizona and New Mexico.

prarie

A large area of flat land, or rolling hills covered by grasses and wild flowers but few trees.

Pobres

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Coahuila y Tejas Constitution

1827-1835 Coahuila and Texas provinces joined together Outlawed slavery in 1827. Divided into three departments. Had a governor and vice-governor and 12 representatives for the legislative branch. Made Catholicism the state religion

Caudillos

By the 1830s, following several hopeful decades of Enlightenment-inspired revolution against European colonizers, Latin America was mostly ruled by these creole military dictators.

Nacogdoches

Considered to be the oldest town in Texas, Nacogdoches was founded in 1779 by Don Antonio Gil Y'Barbo. This quaint little town is booming with history and stories from years past beginning with the Caddo Indians, who lived in the area before the Spanish, through the present day. Over the course of its history, Nacogdoches had nine differently flags rather than the six for the rest of Texas. The flags included the Spanish, French, Gutierrez-Magee Rebellion, Dr. James Long Expedition, Mexican, Fredonia Rebellion, Lone Star, Confederate Stars & Bars and of course the United States of America. The earliest settlers of Nacogdoches were a local Caddo tribe called the Nacogdoche who came to East Texas around 800 A.D.

Kiowas

Known as the "main people", migrated from western Montana to the Black Hills during the early 1700s. At this time, they obtained horses, which drastically improved their mobility and led to a lifestyle that was rather typical of the other Plain groups who hunted buffalo and lived in tepees. In contrast, they had several characteristics similar to the Aztecs such as drawing pictographic calendars to record tribal events and worshiping similar stone idol. By the 1790s, they had migrated to present-day southern Kansas and Oklahoma, becoming powerful allies of their Comanche and Apache neighbors.

Llano Basin

Lies in center of Texas, known for granite hills, Subregion of Great Plains

Atakapas

Lived possibly before 1500 and died out in late 1800-early 1900's around the Louisiana-Texas border in Galveston. Atakapa means "eaters of men" in the Choctaw language (because they eat their enemies- a ritual that they believed deprived the victim of an afterlife.) Fishermen, hunters, and gatherers. Lived in brush huts and each band had a chief who made decisions, maintained law and order, and settled disputes. (Bidais was the sub-tribe from the Atakapas that lived along the lower Neches and Trinity Rivers.)

Wichitas

Migrated into the southern plains. The tribe gained horses during the 1700s and used the animal as a tool to more efficiently hunt buffalo and support their nomadic lifestyle. One unusual aspect of the Wichitas' lifestyle was that they had a mixed economy in which they not only hunted for food but also had a vast agricultural system in which they grew corn, beans, squash, and tobacco.

Ricos

Río Rico, located on the Rio Grande in Hidalgo County, was separated from Texas by a "meander cut" in violation of the treaty between Mexico and the United States. The community was originally located north of the Rio Grande on a narrow finger of land surrounded by an S-shaped curve in the river. In July 1906, however, the American Rio Grande Land and Irrigation Company constructed a cutoff to force the river into a straighter channel. As a result, the 413 acres on which Río Rico is situated came to be located south of the river. The company was eventually taken to court and fined for the diversion of the river, but neither country resolved the issue of territorial rights. The United States never formally relinquished title to the land, since international law dictates that only natural changes of a river's course can transfer territory; over time, however, Río Rico came to be administered by the Mexican government.

Lorenzo de Zavala

Tejano who signed the Declaration of Independence, helped write the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, 1st Vice-President of Rep. of Texas.

Post Oak Belt

The Post Oak Savannah is a transition zone between the blackland prairies to the west and the Pineywoods to the east. This ecosystem is part of a historic oak belt, which travels south from Canada towards Central America. Few true examples of old-growth Post Oak Savannah in Texas still exist today.

Ad Interim Government

a Latin term meaning "for the time between"

Blackland Prairie

The northeast corner of Texas. It was the number one in the number of cotton farmers. The Texas Blackland Prairies are a temperate grassland ecoregion located in Texas that runs roughly 300 miles from the Red River in North Texas to San Antonio in the south. The prairie was named after its rich, dark soil.

Jared E. Groce

The wealthiest of the settlers to come to Austin's colony. He was a planter and lumberman from Alabama.

Grand Prairie

Which subregion of Texas can be described as; flat and rolling hills- well suited for cattle, other livestock (Fort Worth is a large meat-producing center), wet and mild climate, thin soil - limits crops that can be grown to crops for animal feed; cotton in some areas?

Regidores

councilmen elected every year in cabildo, adult male over 21 owning property

Ayuntiamiento

governing council