Types Of Chemical Agents
At what percent are alcohols useful?
50% and up.
How do aldehydes kill microbes?
By alkylating DNA and proteins.
What are Quats?
Cationic. They alter membrane permeability.
What are the cellular targets?
Cell membranes, Cell walls, and Nucleic Acids.
Bleach and Chloramines are examples of?
Chlorine.
Chlorine and Iodine do what to proteins?
Denature them.
How does phenol work?
Disrupts cell membranes and and cell walls.
How do alcohols function?
Dissolve membrane lipids and denatures proteins of fungi/bacteria.
What are in the highest level of resistance?
Endospores and Prions.
What gases are used to kill microbes?
Ethyl Oxide and Propylene Oxide.
What are the two alcohols used?
Ethyl and Isopropyl.
What two aldehydes are used to kill microbes?
Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde.
Chemical agents are found in what?
Halogens, Phenols, Alcohols, Hydrogen Peroxide, Gases, Heavy Metals, Detergents/Soaps, and Aldehydes.
What are the levels of resistance of microbes?
Highest, Moderate, and least.
What are the two halogens used?
Iodine and Chlorine.
What is an example of Iodine?
Iodophers and Tinctures.
What heavy metals are used to kill microbes?
Mercury and Silver.
Are quats sporicidal?
NO.
Is phenol sporicidal?
No.
Halogens work best in what type of state?
Non-ionic.
How does hydrogen peroxide work?
Produces highly reactive hydroxyl free radicals that damage protein and DNA while also decomposing O2.
What are in the moderate level of resistance?
Pseudomonas, S. Aureus, protozoan cysts.
How do heavy metals kill microbes?
They bind to fuctional groups and inactive them.
What is an example of a phenol?
Triclosan (soaps).
What are in the least level of resistance?
Yeasts, Hyphae, Enveloped viruses, fungal spores.
Are ethyl oxide and propylene oxide sporicidal?
Yes.
Strong solutions of hydrogen peroxide are sporicidal?
Yes.