types of genetic changes
horizontal gene transfer
a copy of a bacterial gene is now found integrated in the genome of another species of bacteria
exon shuffling
protein becomes much more unstable
mutation within a gene
protein becomes much more unstable
gene duplication and divergence
tandem copies of a gene are found in the genome
exon shuffling
a protein acquires a DNA-binding domain
mutation in regulatory DNA
a protein normally expressed only in the liver is now expressed in blood cells
exon shuffling
a protein normally normalized in the nuclei is now localized in the cytoplasm
mutation within a gene
a protein normally normalized in the nuclei is now localized in the cytoplasm