U S History Chapter 7
bull market
A period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices
Marcus Garvey
African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
Ku Klux Klan
"Invisible empire of the South, -opposed to African Americans, Roman Catholics, and foreign-born American
Babe Ruth
"Sultan of Swat", 1920's baseball legend; home run king
Charlie Chaplin
"little tramp," famous actor in silent films, always the trouble maker
Bessie Smith
"the Empress of the Blues"
Eighteenth amendment
- prohibition
Calvin Coolidge
..., elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)
Henry Ford
1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
Washington Naval
1921 - president harding invited delegates from Europe and Japan, and they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence
Scopes Trial
1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism
The Jazz Singer
1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer; Al Jolson.
Herbert Hoover
31st President of the United States
Model T
A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.
installment buying
A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time
modernism
A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.
jazz
A form of music that combined African rhythms with western style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format., A style of dance music popular in the 1920s
Teapot Dome scandal
A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
Langston Hughes
A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People"
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
Claude McKay
A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.
Sigmund Freud
A psychologist who developed psychoanalysis. Believed strongly that unconscious drives and desires guided people's actions.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another
prohibition
Amendment 18, A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
"Lost Generation"
Americans who became disillusioned with society after World War I
quota system
An arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country
Conference
Committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different form.
Clarence Darrow
Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.
assembly line
In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.
bootlegger
Individuals who illegally sold alcohol during Prohibition
Louis Armstrong
Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms
mass production
Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply.
buying on margin
Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future
Andrew Mellon
Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs
Zora Neale Hurston
Their Eyes Were Watching God, African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance
Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
F.Scott Fitzgerald
Writer of "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby" who coined the term "Jazz Age." Involved in Modernism.
Flapper
Young woman from the 1920's who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress
scientific management
a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it
fundamentalism
basic truths of religion
Volstead Act
the means of enforcing Prohibition
Disarmament
the reduction of armed forces and weapons
consumer revolution
time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth