U S History Chapter 7

bull market

A period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices

Marcus Garvey

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Ku Klux Klan

"Invisible empire of the South, -opposed to African Americans, Roman Catholics, and foreign-born American

Babe Ruth

"Sultan of Swat", 1920's baseball legend; home run king

Charlie Chaplin

"little tramp," famous actor in silent films, always the trouble maker

Bessie Smith

"the Empress of the Blues"

Eighteenth amendment

- prohibition

Calvin Coolidge

..., elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Washington Naval

1921 - president harding invited delegates from Europe and Japan, and they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, and to respect China's independence

Scopes Trial

1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism

The Jazz Singer

1927 - The first movie with sound; this "talkie" was about the life of famous jazz singer; Al Jolson.

Herbert Hoover

31st President of the United States

Model T

A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.

installment buying

A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time

modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

jazz

A form of music that combined African rhythms with western style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format., A style of dance music popular in the 1920s

Teapot Dome scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Langston Hughes

A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance. He wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" and "My People"

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.

Claude McKay

A poet who was a major figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement and wrote the poem "If We Must Die" after the Chicago riot of 1919.

Sigmund Freud

A psychologist who developed psychoanalysis. Believed strongly that unconscious drives and desires guided people's actions.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

prohibition

Amendment 18, A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

"Lost Generation"

Americans who became disillusioned with society after World War I

quota system

An arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country

Conference

Committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different form.

Clarence Darrow

Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.

assembly line

In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.

bootlegger

Individuals who illegally sold alcohol during Prohibition

Louis Armstrong

Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.

Ernest Hemingway

Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms

mass production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply.

buying on margin

Purching stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future

Andrew Mellon

Secretary of Treasury under President Harding, Coolidge and Hoover, who instituted a Republican policy of reduced government spending, lower taxes to the wealthy and higher tariffs

Zora Neale Hurston

Their Eyes Were Watching God, African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

F.Scott Fitzgerald

Writer of "This Side of Paradise" and "The Great Gatsby" who coined the term "Jazz Age." Involved in Modernism.

Flapper

Young woman from the 1920's who defied traditional rules of conduct and dress

scientific management

a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it

fundamentalism

basic truths of religion

Volstead Act

the means of enforcing Prohibition

Disarmament

the reduction of armed forces and weapons

consumer revolution

time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth