Understanding Operating System CH 1

Each peripheral device has its own software, called a(n) ____, which contains the detailed instructions required to start that device, allocate it to a job, use the device correctly, and deallocate it when it's appropriate.

device driver

An important function of the Processor Manager is to keep track of the status of each job, process, and thread.

True

In the 1980s, as a result of multiprocessing techniques, it became possible to execute two programs at the same time in parallel.

True

In the 2010s, chips with millions of transistors that were very close together helped increase system performance dramatically.

True

Networking was not always an integral part of operating systems.

True

Operating systems with networking capability have a fifth essential manager called the Network Manager that provides a convenient way for authorized users to share resources.

True

The Device Manager is responsible for connecting with every device that's available on the system and for choosing the most efficient way to allocate them.

True

The buffers used in the 1950s to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU were conceptually similar to those now used routinely by Web browsers to make video and audio playback smoother.

True

The central processing unit (CPU) is the brains of the computer with the circuitry to control the interpretation and execution of instructions.

True

The first bug was a moth trapped in a Harvard computer.

True

The operating system manages each and every piece of hardware and software.

True

There are two primary types of user interfaces: the graphical user interface and the command line interface.

True

The ____ is often very different from one operating system to the next, sometimes even between different versions of the same operating system.

User Interface

Multiprocessing

When two or more CPU'S share the same main memory, most I/O devices, and the same control program routines. They service the same job stream and execute distinct processing programs concurrently.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

a component with circuitry to control the interpretation and execution of instructions.

Batch systems

a type of executing systems that executes programs, each of which is submitted in its entirety, can be grouped into batches, and executed without external intervention.

With ____ operating systems, users can think they are working with a system using one processor, when in fact they are connected to a cluster of many processors working closely together.

distributed

There are two types of real-time systems depending on the consequences of missing the deadline. A ____ real-time system risks total system failure if the predicted time deadline is missed.

hard

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept, whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

interrupt

The name for the core portion of an operating system is the ____.

kernel

With the development of ____ technology, a single chip was equipped with two or more processor cores.

multicore

____ means that several logical records are grouped within one physical record.

Blocking

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

batch and interactive

Starting in the 1950s, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

control unit

Onboard systems are computers that are physically placed inside the products that they operate to add features and capabilities.

False

The Memory Manager is in charge of main memory, widely known as ROM.

False

The Memory Manager, the Interface Manager, the User Manager, and the File Manager are the four essential managers of every major operating system.

False

The content of a random access memory (RAM) chip is nonvolatile, meaning that it is not erased when the power is turned off.

False

When executing a job, the File Manager determines whether a user request requires that a file be retrieved from storage or whether it is already in memory.

False

With distributed operating systems, users need to be aware of which processor is actually running their applications.

False

____ is where the data and instructions of a computer must reside to be processed.

Main memory

Kernal

the primary part of the operating system that remains random access memory (RAM) and is charged with performing the system's most essential tasks, such as managing main memory and disk access.

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in ____, which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

throughput

In active multiprogramming, each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution. The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time. This idea is called ____.

time slicing

A system with ____ divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage, bringing each part into memory only as it is needed.

virtual memory

A ____ chip holds software that is used to start the computer.

ROM

____ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

Real-time

In active multiprogramming schemes, a job can monopolize the CPU for a long time while all other jobs waited.

False

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

firmware

The ____ uniquely identifies each resource, starts its operation,monitors its progress, and, finally, deallocates it, making the operating system available to the next waiting process.

Device Manager

Batch systems date from early computers, when each job consisted of a stack of chips entered into the system as a unit known as a stack.

False

____ is the practice of using Internet-connected resources to perform processing, storage, or other operations.

Cloud computing

General-purpose operating systems such as Linux or Windows are used in embedded systems.

False

____ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

Virtualization