UNE Pathophysiology Final Exam
A patient has just been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Which question should the nurse ask this client in attempting to establish a cause? "Do you have a history of heart failure?" "Have you recently had kidney stones?" "Have you ever been diagnosed with diabetes?" "Have you had any type of infection within the last 2 weeks?"
"Have you had any type of infection within the last 2 weeks?"
Following a visit to her campus medical clinic motivated by persistent abdominal pain and dyspareunia, a 20-year-old female college student has been referred for a diagnostic workup to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease. Her elevated white cell and C-reactive protein levels lead her care provider to suspect pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What follow-up question is most likely to help with the differential diagnosis? "Are you using tampons during your period or do you normally use pads?" "What does your daily hygiene routine usually consist of?" "How many sexual partners have you had?" "Have you ever had a therapeutic abortion in the past?"
"How many sexual partners have you had?"
An endocrinologist is providing care for a 30-year-old male who has lived with the effects of increased levels of growth hormone (GH). Which of the following teaching points about the client's future health risks is most accurate? "It's not unusual for high GH levels to cause damage to your hypothalamus." "GH excess inhibits your pancreas from producing enough insulin." "The high levels of GH that circulate in your body can result in damage to your liver." "When your pituitary gland is enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies."
"When your pituitary gland is enlarged, there's a real risk that you'll develop some sight deficiencies."
A 51-year-old female client who is 2 days postoperative in a surgical unit of a hospital is at risk of developing atelectasis as a result of being largely immobile. Which of the following teaching points by her nurse is most appropriate? "You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed." "Being in bed increases the risk of fluid accumulating between your lungs and their lining, so it's important for you to change positions often." "Make sure that you stay hydrated and walk as soon as possible to avoid us having to insert a chest tube." "I'll proscribe bronchodilator medications that will help open up your airways and allow more oxygen in."
"You should breathe deeply and cough to help your lungs expand as much as possible while you're in bed."
Following a history of gastric pain and an endoscopy, a client has been diagnosed with a duodenal peptic ulcer. Which of the following teaching points should his caregiver provide? "While your diet most certainly contributed to this problem, the good news is that changing your diet can help solve it." "Ulcers like yours do not penetrate all layers of the stomach or duodenum, so you don't have to worry about losing too much blood." "Your family history, your smoking history, and NSAID use may all have contributed to this problem." "While there aren't really any effective medications for these ulcers, changes in lifestyle can keep them well controlled."
"Your family history, your smoking history, and NSAID use may all have contributed to this problem."
A female patient presented to her primary care physician with classic signs and symptoms of Cushing syndrome. Upon testing, it was discovered that the patient had vaginal small cell carcinoma. How can the health care providers explain her Cushing syndrome signs and symptoms to this patient? Answers: "Your tumor in your vagina is secreting a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is responsible for these signs and symptoms." "We are going to have to run some more tests. We think you might have a problem with your pituitary gland." "There is no connection between the Cushing syndrome and the vaginal carcinoma. You have two very distinct problems occurring at the same time." "We need to check your thyroid. Your Cushing syndrome may be caused by hypofunction of this gland."
"Your tumor in your vagina is secreting a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which is responsible for these signs and symptoms."
Upon admission to the ICU, a patient with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be exhibiting which of the following clinical manifestations of right heart failure? Select all that apply. Fine crackles throughout both lung fields +4 pitting edema in lower extremities Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum Jugular vein distension Altered level of consciousness
+4 pitting edema in lower extremities Jugular vein distension Altered level of consciousness
A 77 year old lifetime smoker has been diagnosed with a tumor in his lung at the site of an old tubercle scarring site, located in a peripheral area of his bronchiolar tissue. What is this client's most likely diagnosis? A. Adenocarcinoma B. Squamos cell carcinoma C. Small cell lung cancer D. Large Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Which is not considered a skin cancer? Squamous cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Melanoma Adenoma
Adenoma
While educating a mother about the benefits of giving her child the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, gardisil, which of the following statements will the nurse need to clarify for the parent? Select all that apply. The vaccine is best administered before the child becomes sexually active. 100% effective against development of cervical cancer for her life span. effective against the two most common strains of genital warts. only recommended for females between the ages of 9 and 26. recommended prior to exposure to HPV, and if the child has genital warts, they are already exposed.
100% effective against development of cervical cancer for her life span. only recommended for females between the ages of 9 and 26.
Which of the following clients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? Select all that apply. A 22-year-old male who has lost large amounts of blood following a workplace injury A 41-year-old female who is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and heart failure A 20-year-old male who is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug A 68-year-old male with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for the treatment of dehydration and malnutrition A 22-year-old male who has lost large amounts of blood following a workplace injury A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and heart failure An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for the treatment of dehydration and malnutrition
A 22-year-old male who has lost large amounts of blood following a workplace injury A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and heart failure An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for the treatment of dehydration and malnutrition
A nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which of the following individuals are at risk of developing urinary obstructions? Select all that apply. A 43-year-old male with an acid-base imbalance secondary to malnutrition A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time A 69-year-old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A 58-year-old male with renal calculi A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury
A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) A 58-year-old male with renal calculi A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury
Which of the following sexually active women most likely faces the highest risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy? A 14-year-old who experienced menarche 2 years prior. A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed. A 27-year-old who stopped using medroxyprogesterone contraceptive injection (Depo-Provera) several months ago. A 22-year-old who has a history of anorexia nervosa and who has a body mass index (BMI) of 12.0 (normal weight = 18.5 to 24.9).
A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed.
Which of the following clients is most clearly displaying the signs and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? A 32-year-old mother who complains of intermittent abdominal pain that is worse during her menstrual period A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower abdomen, "comes and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache" A 44-year-old man who works the evening shift at a factory and who states that his lower abdominal pain is much worse at night than during the day A 24-year-old man who has a stressful job but whose diarrhea and cramping do not worsen during periods of high stress
A 51-year-old male who states that his stomach pain is in his lower abdomen, "comes and goes," and "feels more like a cramp than a dull ache"
Which of the following clients of an oncologist is likely to have the poorest prognosis? A 69-year-old man who has been diagnosed with stage IV malignant melanoma A 70-year-old whose skin cancer has been identified as nodular ulcerative basal cell carcinoma A 51-year-old women whose biopsy has revealed intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma A 59-year-old woman who has invasive squamous cell carcinoma
A 69-year-old man who has been diagnosed with stage IV malignant melanoma
A patient with small cell lung cancer has developed a paraneoplastic syndrome called Cushing syndrome. Based on this new complication, the nurse will likely assess which of the following manifestations of this syndrome? A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen B. Bilateral edema in the arms, swollen face, and protruding eyes C. Severe bone/joint pain, nausea/vomiting and polyuria Tetany, new onset seizure activity, emotional lability, and extra pyramidal.
A. Weight gain, moon face and buffalo hump and purple striae on the abdomen
Of the following list of nursing interventions, which would be considered priority when managing a patient with life-threatening myxedematous coma? Select all that apply. Administer 3% sodium IV solution to increase sodium levels. Administer 50% dextrose to raise glucose levels. Place on oxygen therapy to encourage deep breathing. Place on a warming bed to raise body temperature. Administer sedatives frequently to prevent seizures.
Administer 3% sodium IV solution to increase sodium levels. Administer 50% dextrose to raise glucose levels. Place on oxygen therapy to encourage deep breathing.
A 43-year-old male client has presented to the emergency department with vomiting that he claims is of a sudden onset. The client also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in the hours prior to admission. His vital signs are stable with temperature 98.3°F, pulse 88, BP 140/87, and respiratory rate 18. Which of the following potential contributing factors would the health care team suspect first? Overuse of antacids Alcohol consumption Staphylococcal enterotoxins Effects of Helicobacter pylori
Alcohol consumption
A nurse is providing care for a client who has had a cast applied to her fractured arm 6 hours prior. The client is now complaining of severe pain that she describes as "even worse than when I broke my arm." What would be the nurse's best course of action? Administration of analgesics and teaching the client about the normal course of pain after a fracture Teaching the client simple range of motion exercises to promote circulation and perfusion Taking the client's temperature due to the possibility of infection Assessment of motor and sensory function with the goal of identifying compartment syndrome
Assessment of motor and sensory function with the goal of identifying compartment syndrome
Which of the following conditions is a frequent cause of urinary obstruction? Prostatic cancer Benign prostatic hyperplasia Prostatitis Urethritis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
The endocrine function can be assessed by performing (select all that apply): Blood tests Urine tests Genetic tests Imaging Biopsy
Blood tests Urine tests Genetic tests Imaging
While speaking to a senior citizen club about osteoarthritis (OA), which of the following facts are accurate to share? Select all that apply. By the time you are in your 70s, about 85% of adults will have some form of OA Men usually get OA in their hands, whereas women get OA primarily in their hips Obesity in women has been correlated to having OA in the knees Heredity does not play a significant role in the development of OA
By the time you are in your 70s, about 85% of adults will have some form of OA Obesity in women has been correlated to having OA in the knees
The neonatal ICU nurse is aware that type II alveolar cells produce surfactant, and they usually develop at how many weeks of gestation? A. 17-18 B. 19-20 C. 24-28 D. 34-38
C. 24-28
Which of the following is an aspect of the bone growth and development that occurs during the first two decades of life? Most bone abnormalities can be traced to anomalies in the embryonic stage of development. The physiological effects of in utero positioning normally remain into late adolescence. Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal end of the bone plate are replaced by bone cells. Bone length increases through childhood, while bone diameter remains static.
Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal end of the bone plate are replaced by bone cells.
A patient has been admitted with a fractured pelvis that occurred in an auto accident just a few hours ago. The nurse notices a slight change in behavior. Which of the following clinical manifestations would lead the nurse to suspect that the patient has fat emboli that has migrated? Select all that apply. Complaints of substernal chest pain Complaints of pain in the lower abdomen and back Pulse rate 120 with temperature of 99.7°F Profuse diaphoresis with pallor noted Urine output of 30 mL/hour
Complaints of substernal chest pain Pulse rate 120 with temperature of 99.7°F Profuse diaphoresis with pallor noted
A 22-year-old woman has sustained a lateral blow to her right knee during a game, and subsequent imaging has confirmed a severe meniscus injury. Which of the following consequences should the woman expect over the course of recovery? Select all that apply. Decreased lubrication in the knee joint Decreased stability of the knee Reduced shock absorption capacity Presence of infectious microorganisms in the synovial capsule Rapid restoration of the cartilage cells in the meniscus
Decreased lubrication in the knee joint Decreased stability of the knee Reduced shock absorption capacity
What type of diabetes results from inadequate or defective insulin receptors? Diabetes mellitus 1A Diabetes mellitus 1B Diabetes mellitus 2 Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus 2
When a 4-year-old boy stands erect with his medial malleoli touching, the distance between his knees is 2 inches. What is the child's most likely diagnosis and treatment? Genu varum, which can be treated by bracing Flatfoot, which will require orthopedic shoes Genu valgum necessitating a series of surgeries Femoral torsion, which will spontaneously resolve before puberty
Genu varum, which can be treated by bracing
The accumulation of fluid inside of the scrotum is called: Spermatocele Varicocele Hydrocele Enterocele
Hydrocele
A 73-year-old man presents to his family physician with complaints of recent urinary hesitation and is eventually diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following clinical consequences would his care provider expect prior to the resolution of his health problem? Hydroureter and pain Development of renal calculi and renal cysts Unilateral hydronephrosis and pain Development of glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome
Hydroureter and pain
A 68-year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to currently occur as a result of her urinary retention? Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness Decreased urine production and nitrogenous waste excretion by the kidneys Decompensation, bladder stretching, and high residual urine volume Overflow incontinence and loss of contraction power
Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness
A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male client with a long-standing hiatal hernia. Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias? Paraesophageal hiatal hernias are common and are normally not treated if the client is asymptomatic. The root causes of hiatal hernias are normally treatable with medication. If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result. An incompetent pyloric sphincter and high-fat diet are commonly implicated in the development of hiatal hernias.
If esophageal acid clearance is impaired, esophagitis can result.
Following the identification of low levels of T3 and T4 coupled with the presence of a goiter, a 28-year-old female has been diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis. In light of this diagnosis, which of the following assessment results would constitute an unexpected finding? The presence of myxedema in the woman's face and extremities Recent weight gain despite a loss of appetite and chronic fatigue Coarse, dry skin and hair with decreased sweat production Increased white cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
Increased white cell count and audible crackles on chest auscultation
A 22-year-old student has developed a fever and diarrhea while on a backpacking trip in Southeast Asia. His oral temperature is 101.4°F. The diarrhea is bloody, frequent, and small in volume. These clinical manifestations are sufficiently distressing that he is visiting a local medical clinic in the area. Which of the following diagnoses best characterizes this health problem? Noninflammatory diarrhea Inflammatory diarrhea Factitious diarrhea Secretory diarrhea
Inflammatory diarrhea
Testing for short stature growth hormone (GH) problems can be done by pharmacologic means. Which of the following medications can be utilized to test for a rise in GH? Select all that apply. Insulin Levodopa Persantine Dobutamine Sestamibi
Insulin Levodopa
Which is not a cause of icterus (jaundice)? Hemolytic anemia Hepatitis Pancreatic cancer Insulinoma
Insulinoma
A 28-year-old female has been told she has atypical glandular cells following Pap smear. The physician will likely recommend which procedure that can be performed in his office to remove the abnormal zone and provide a specimen for further histological evaluation? Cone biopsy Intracavitary irradiation Trachelectomy Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)
A hospital patient's arterial blood gases indicate normal levels of oxygen and increased carbon dioxide. The patient's respiratory rate is 12 breaths/minute (normal 14 to 20 breaths/minute) with all other vital signs within normal range. While not evident from assessment and diagnostics, the patient's kidneys are minimizing both H+ excretion and HCO3- reabsorption. What is this client's most likely diagnosis? Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis
A 31-year-old patient with breast cancer is concerned about being prescribed a hormonal medication to help block the effects of estrogen on the growth of breast cancer cells. The nurse should provide education about which of the following likely medications? Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a biologic therapy Nolvadex (Tamoxifen), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen Progesterone, a hormone. Arimidex (anastrozole), an aromatase inhibitor.
Nolvadex (Tamoxifen), a nonsteroidal antiestrogen
A pediatric unit will be receiving an 8-day-old infant with a suspected congenital renal disorder. Which of the following renal abnormalities could be the possible cause? Select all that apply. One of the infant's kidneys may have failed to develop normally. The kidneys may be misshapen and have cysts present. The upper or lower poles of the two kidneys may be fused. Renal cell carcinoma may be present. Urine-filled dilation of renal pelvis associated with atrophy of the kidney may be present.
One of the infant's kidneys may have failed to develop normally. The kidneys may be misshapen and have cysts present. The upper or lower poles of the two kidneys may be fused.
A 52-year-old patient has just passed a kidney stone and has high levels of calcium in her urine. Blood tests show high levels of calcium in her blood as well. What subsequent lab results would be most likely to distinguish between primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy? Parathyroid hormone level Bone scan Plasma phosphate levels Serum magnesium level
Parathyroid hormone level
Which is not a form of pediculosis? Pediculosis corporis Pediculosis pedis Pediculosis capitis Pediculosis pubis
Pediculosis pedis
A 70-year-old woman who delivered four children during her reproductive years has weakened pelvic floor muscles. Which of her following anatomical structures is least susceptible to inappropriate herniation into her vagina? Peritoneum Uterus Bladder Rectum
Peritoneum
A 13-year-old girl has presented to a clinic with her mother explaining that she had an oval-shaped red patch on her chest a week ago but that more of the lesions are now appearing on her back. On examination, the lesions on her back are in a "Christmas tree" pattern. What is the girl's most likely diagnosis? Lichen planus Pityriasis rosea Rosacea Melasma
Pityriasis rosea
An 11-year-old boy with skin lesions on his trunk characteristic of ringworm has been brought to the family's primary care provider by his mother. Which of the following aspects of the clinician's assessment relates most directly to the suspected diagnosis? Previous infection with other parasitic worms Potential contact with the fungus from pets or other children Allergic reactions to drugs and environmental substances The child's infant immunization history
Potential contact with the fungus from pets or other children
A 56-year-old female with a diagnosis of breast cancer has developed bone metastases, which her oncologist would like to treat with radiation therapy. What is her physician's most likely primary goal in the treatment plan of the metastases? Thorough elimination of neoplastic cells in the bone structure Preservation of normal weight bearing and range of motion Ensuring vascular supply to the bone is not affected Prevention of pathologic fractures
Prevention of pathologic fractures
What are the most common causes of erectile dysfunction? Select all that apply. Psychogenic Neurogenic Vascular Drug-induced
Psychogenic Neurogenic Vascular Drug-induced
A nurse is providing care for a client who has been admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the nurse expect to find during physical assessment of the client and the review of the client's history? Select all that apply. Recurrent chest infections Production of purulent sputum A barrel chest Low hemoglobin levels Recent surgery
Recurrent chest infections Production of purulent sputum Low hemoglobin levels
A few of the more experienced nurses are sitting around a lunch table discussing the changes they are seeing in their skin. Which of the following would be considered normal age-related changes? Select all that apply. Thickening of the dermis layer. Reduction in subcutaneous tissue. Increased hair growth on back and legs. Dry, scaly skin.
Reduction in subcutaneous tissue. Dry, scaly skin.
A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical manifestations lead the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? Select all that apply. Respiratory rate 34 Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area Pulse oximetry 98% ABG pH level of 7.38
Respiratory rate 34 Asymmetrical chest movements, especially on inspiration Diminished breath sounds over the painful chest area
A female client who is suspected of having psoriasis. Which of the following aspects of the woman's history and her care provider's assessment would be potential contributors to her health problem? Select all that apply. The woman had three pregnancies She has been diagnosed with arthritis. The woman has a family history of diabetes. Skin trauma of any kind often precedes an outbreak. The woman has dark skin.
She has been diagnosed with arthritis. The woman has dark skin.
A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces? She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. She is prone to isotonic fluid volume excess. She could develop third-spacing edema as a result of plasma protein losses. She is at risk of compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses.
She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit.
A patient asks the nurse why his hip fracture (head of the femur) bone has died (osteonecrosis). The nurse responds based on which of the following pathophysiological principles? All fractured bones interrupt blood supply and thereby results in death of the bone no matter where it is located. Most of the time when the head of the femur breaks, the entire neck region is disconnected to the rest of the bone so the blood vessels are severed. Since the head of the femur has only limited collateral circulation, interruption in the blood flow from the fracture causes necrosis and irreversible damage. When the femur head breaks, it dislocates and crushes the surrounding area causing the blood vessels to be occluded.
Since the head of the femur has only limited collateral circulation, interruption in the blood flow from the fracture causes necrosis and irreversible damage.
An 8-year-old child has just been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The parents wonder what the child's prognosis is going to be. Which of the following findings would be considered a good prognostic indicator of the extent/seriousness of the disease? Complaints of arthralgias and arthritis in joints with movement Ligaments and tendons hurt during passive ROM Has a rash on the nose and cheeks Swelling in the face and eyes and rust/blood-colored urine
Swelling in the face and eyes and rust/blood-colored urine
A 17-year-old male experienced third-degree full-thickness burns 2 days ago to his lower limbs after a fire at his workplace. Which of the following complications should his care team foresee and regularly assess for? Select all that apply. Systemic infection Fluid volume deficit Respiratory dysfunction Hypermetabolic response Constipation and bowel obstruction
Systemic infection Fluid volume deficit Respiratory dysfunction Hypermetabolic response Constipation and bowel obstruction
A 38-year-old male has presented to a clinic for the treatment of severe dermatitis after contact with poison ivy on a camping trip. The client has been prescribed prednisone, a corticosteroid, for the treatment of his skin condition. The client's care provider has emphasized that dosages of the drug will be gradually tapered off rather than stopped upon resolution of the symptoms. What is the most accurate rationale for this dosing protocol? The client's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system will require recovery time before normal function is restored. Steroids can induce a dependency that it best addressed with a gradual withdrawal. HPA function is heightened during steroid administration and must return to normal levels before the drug is completely stopped. Abrupt cessation of the drug can contribute to symptoms similar to Cushing syndrome.
The client's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system will require recovery time before normal function is restored.
Following a long history of fatigue, weakness, and poor appetite, a 39-year-old male has been diagnosed with hypopituitarism. Which of the following clinical findings would most likely cause his care team to suspect that the man has an additional endocrine disorder from a different source? The man has a low sperm count and has been unable to have children. The man has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic. The client is 5.2. tall and was consistently short for his age as a child. The man displays the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism.
The man has a chronic platelet deficiency and is occasionally anemic.
Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released by the hypothalamus controls to release of cortisol. The pituitary gland communicates with the adrenal cortex through the release of ACTH. The adrenal cortex receives corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and in turn releases cortisol. The pituitary gland causes a release of CRH from the hypothalamus, which promotes hormone release from the adrenal cortex.
The pituitary gland communicates with the adrenal cortex through the release of ACTH.
A number of clients on a geriatric subacute medical floor of a hospital have developed foul-smelling diarrhea over the last several days, and subsequent culture of stool samples has confirmed the presence of Clostridium difficile in each case. The care team in the unit would recognize that which of the following factors likely contributed to the health problem and would anticipate which of the following treatments? The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics likely played a role in the development of infections, and most clients would likely receive metronidazole as a treatment. Genetic predisposition and the presence of the bacterium in clients' normal flora likely contributed, and treatment would consist of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Poor hand washing practice on the part of care providers led to the outbreak, and treatment will consist of hydration and nutritional support. Ingestion of contaminated food probably contributed to the infections, and corticosteroids will be needed to treat them.
The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics likely played a role in the development of infections, and most clients would likely receive metronidazole as a treatment.
When educating a student who lives in a crowded apartment and diagnosed with tuberculosis, the college school nurse will emphasis, A. Once your fever goes away, you cans top taking the streptomycin injection. B. If isoniazid makes you nauseous, we can substitute something milder. C. To destroy this bacterium you must strictly adhere to a long term drug regiment D. You will have to wear an N95 mask while on campus at all times.
To destroy this bacterium, you must strictly adhere to a long term drug regiment.
In the early morning, an African American woman brings her 5-year-old son to the emergency room. The boy is wheezing, is short of breath, and has a dry cough. The mother states that he has always been very healthy. He went to bed with only a slight cold and a runny nose but woke her with his coughing shortly after 4 AM. His symptoms worsened so dramatically that she brought him to the hospital. The care team would most likely suspect that he has respiratory syncytial virus. influenza. asthma. pneumonia.
asthma
When trying to discern the extent of a burn, the nurse will note that second-degree full-thickness burns are characterized by extending into the subcutaneous tissue. noting that blood vessels have clotted and can be seen under the burned skin. redness or pinkness noted, but no blister formation is present on the epidermis. extensive pain along with waxy white areas with blister formation.
extensive pain along with waxy white areas with blister formation.
An elderly patient has arrived at the physician's office complaining of a rash. Upon further investigation, the patient states that the rash feels like a burning pain but also has some tingling. It is extreme sensitive to touch, and it's "like crazy." The nurse notes that the rash is made up of vesicles and located on the right thoracic region. The nurse suspects the patient has chickenpox. German measles. herpes zoster. human papillomavirus.
herpes zoster
A middle-aged male walks into the emergency department complaining of chest pain radiating to the neck, shortness of breath, and nausea. His heart rate is 120 and BP is 94/60. The ED physician recognizes the patient is having an acute MI with decreased cardiac output. The nurse identifies the nausea to be in response to the patient not having a very high pain tolerance. hypoxia exerting a direct effect on the chemoreceptor trigger zone. the patient not having digested his meal completely. fear of having to make major lifestyle changes.
hypoxia exerting a direct effect on the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
A stroke patient is having difficulty swallowing food and beverages. The patient complains that he feels like "the food is sticking to the back of his throat." Given this information, the priority nursing interventions would be to make the patient "nothing per os" (NPO) and call the physician. feed the patient while he is sitting in an upright position. add a thickening agent to all of the patient's beverages. warrant no action since this is a normal occurrence after a stroke.
make the patient "nothing per os" (NPO) and call the physician.
A college student has come to the health clinic complaining of heavy bleeding during and between her menstrual periods. The nurse practitioner will document this as dyspareunia. amenorrhea. polymenorrhea. menometrorrhagia.
menometorrhagia
A patient who has been on a high-protein diet comes to the emergency department with respiratory symptoms. Upon analysis of arterial blood gases (ABGs), the patient is diagnosed with hypercapnia. The nurse will note the ABG results that confirm this diagnosis include: Select all that apply. pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45). PO2 of 97%. PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42). Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28). Serum K+ (potassium)of 3.6 mmol/L (normal 3.5 to 5.0).
pH 7.31 (normal 7.35 to 7.45). PCO2 of 58 mm Hg (normal 38 to 42). Serum HCO3 of 33 mEq/L (normal 22 to 28).
A patient has recently been diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis. The nurse knows that this form of gastritis is usually treated with a combination of an antibiotic and antianxiety medications. proton pump inhibitors. lactulose, to reduce the blood ammonia levels. calcium carbonate, an antacid.
proton pump inhibtors
Because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, Kegel exercises are most likely to help overflow incontinence. urge incontinence. stress incontinence. mixed incontinence.
stress incontinence
When trying to explain to a patient diagnosed with a benign bone tumor, the nurse should emphasize the fact that benign tumors primarily grow rapidly and can spread to the surrounding tissue. cause growth of other tumors as they spread their cancer cells into the bloodstream. tend to grow very slowly without destroying the supporting tissue. occur as a result of tumors in other areas of the body metastasizing into the bone.
tend to grow very slowly without destroying the supporting tissue.