Unit 1 Challenge 1

Define Historiography

the study and interpretations of historical writing

Define Trade Network

A series of paths or routes where trade and exchange took place.

Define Prehistory

A period of time that occurred before written records existed.

Define Primary Source

First-hand accounts/evidence from the time period that a historian is writing about or studying.

Define Mesoamerica

Geographic area stretching from north of Panama to the desert of central Mexico.

Define Secondary Source

Pieces of work that contain analyses of primary sources that relate to past events.

As part of his research on the Civil War, Charlie is reading a book about ironclads (a type of boat) and how they revolutionized naval warfare. Which of the following is most likely a lens he is exploring? a. Class b. Politics c. Technology d. Environment

Technology

Which native civilization constructed a vast system of roads that stepped up and down mountains? a. The Olmec b. The Inca c. The Aztec d. The Maya

The Inca

Define Bias

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another.

Define History

the study of the past

Consider the following research question and choose the secondary source that is best suited to answer it. "What were the effects of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?" a. An interview with a woman who recently protested at a Women's March b. A website that advocates for voting reform c. A newsreel from 1920 showing women voting for the first time d. A book written by a historian in 2016 on women in American politics

A book written by a historian in 2016 on women in American politics

Define Moundville

An archaeological site in Alabama, important historical site of the Mississippian culture of pre-Columbian America.

Consider the following research question and choose the primary source that is best suited to answer it. "What were the long-term consequences of Japanese internment camps in the United States during World War II?" a. A documentary about World War II produced by a historian b. An interview in 2001 with a Japanese American who was confined to a camp c. A national newscast from 1942 d. A high school history textbook published in 1990

An interview in 2001 with a Japanese American who was confined to a camp

Define Critical Thinking

Clear, self-directed, and evidence-based judgement on a topic

As part of her research on the American Revolution, Bea reads a book about forms of public protest in the 18th century colonies. Which of the following is most likely a lens she is exploring? a. race b. economics c. politics d. ethics

Politics

Define Oral History

The use of interviews and first-person perspectives in the creation of history.

Define Social History

the history of the average person, especially in terms of demographic groups

Define Empire

A set of various states unified under a single authority, usually defined by: military expansion, a unified economic system, and a supreme ruler.

Consider the following research question and choose the primary source that is best suited to answer it. "How did the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 transform the American economy?" a. A 1780 speech by a plantation owner who grew cotton b. A biography of Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin, published in 1989 c. An 1850 economic analysis of cotton and textile production in the late 1700s to mid 1800s d. An 1802 map of the Deep South showing weather patterns in the 18th century

An 1850 economic analysis of cotton and textile production in the late 1700s to mid 1800s

Define Quipu

An ancient Incan device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways

Define Beringia

An ancient land bridge linking Asia and North America, now known as the Bering Strait.

Which of the following historians is collecting oral history? a. Helen interviews contemporary Native Americans about their cultural traditions. b. Hajit makes detailed drawings of prehistoric images found on boulders in Minnesota. c. Hope attempts to translate symbols on a pot that she believes were a form of writing. d. Hector analyzes one of the first maps made by European explorers.

Helen interviews contemporary Native Americans about their cultural traditions.

Which of the following statements is true? a. History is not a fixed concept: Ideas about how to write history change as the world changes. b. Historians inspect, but do not interpret, evidence from the past to create narratives of past events. c. History is separate from the social, cultural and intellectual environments in which it is written. d. Objectivity is not the goal of the historian because his or her own perspective is vital to the narrative.

History is not a fixed concept: Ideas about how to write history change as the world changes.

Which of the following historians is collecting archaeological evidence? a. Ingrid reads reports sent back to the Spanish monarch about the people of the New World. b. Ian carefully analyzes pieces of cloth found in ancient burial sites near the Mississippi River. c. Irving interviews a historian who has written several books about Native American culture. d. Iris reads a book about tools and weapons used by Native Americans prior to 1492.

Ian carefully analyzes pieces of cloth found in ancient burial sites near the Mississippi River.

Which of the following historians is analyzing the European perspective of history? a. Julianna researches negative reactions to the mistreatment of Native Americans among Spanish civilians. b. Jeremy asks a historian why European diseases were so devastating in America, but American diseases didn't spread to Europe. c. Jordan interviews a French archaeologist who excavates ruins in modern day Peru and Ecuador. d. Jessie reads a book about forms of government found in modern Native American tribes.

Julianna researches negative reactions to the mistreatment of Native Americans among Spanish civilians.

As part of his research on the Salem Witch Trials, Aaron reads a book about Puritan morality and beliefs and how they influenced social norms in the 17th century. Which of the following is most likely a lens he is exploring? a. Technology b. Religion c. Politics d. Class

Religion

Define Calendar Sticks

Ribs from the saguaro plant that the Tohono O'odham people marked to remember important events.

Which native civilization left behind large heads carved in stone? a. The Olmec b. The Aztec c. The Pueblo d. The Inca

The Olmec

Which native civilization lived in permanent settlements made up of apartment-like complexes of stone and mud? a. The Hopewell b. The Olmec c. The Aztec d. The Pueblo

The Pueblo

Define Race

The classification of humans into groups based on skin color or other physical characteristics and features.

Define Gender

The social and/or cultural vision of what it means to be male or female.

Define Class

The structuring of human society in terms of economic position and status.

Define Archeology

The study of past human events, especially prehistoric, using evidence found in excavation.

Which of the following statement is true? a. Historians have a responsibility to merge their own experiences into historical narratives. b. History is best determined through the lenses of politics and economics. c. Historical interpretations of past events rarely change over time. d. The writing of history is influenced by the cultural environment in which it is written.

The writing of history is influenced by the cultural environment in which it is written.

Define Objective History

Viewing past people and events without taking the historians personal view into account, unbiased history

Define Historical Lens

Analytical approach that a historian may take when interpreting and creating narratives about the past.

Which of the following statements is true? a. History is a written record of the past, encountered only in an academic setting. b. Providing context and observing change over time is essential to the historical process. c. Memorization of dates and events is a good exercise in school, but it isn't important for historians. d. A historian attempts simply to compile facts about the past and record them accurately.

Providing context and observing change over time is essential to the historical process.