Unit 1, Chapter 2

What is a concussion and what are the symptoms to look for?

A concussion is any sudden impact to the head or acceleration or deceleration without impact. A concussion disrupts normal brain activity and can be dangerous. The symptoms include headache, dizziness, disorientation, and nausea.

Which of the following injuries include instability of the knee with pain and swelling?

ACL tear

Explain what distinguishes acute and chronic sports injuries.

Acute sports injuries are generally those that result from some sort of traumatic event on the body. Since they generally result from trauma, acute injuries tend to have a rapid onset and progression, but this can also mean that they will be of more limited duration. Chronic sports injuries, however, are generally those that develop over extended periods of time from overuse and improper exercise techniques. The slow onset and progression of chronic injuries tends to also extend the time needed to recover from them.

Which of the following choices are good strategies when exercising in extreme heat or cold?

All of the above; allowing the body to adjust to temperature, avoiding exercising during extreme times of day, and warming up muscles and the body before vigorous exercise

During a medical evaluation, the doctor can. . .

All of the above; establish guidelines for physical activity, assess risks, choose safe activities

How can you use your personal choices to exercise more safely?

All of the above; not exercising in air-pollution areas, limiting exercise in hot climates to the early morning and evening, using exercise equipment as it was designed to be used

Pads are used in athletic activities to __________.

All of the above; reduce impacts during collisions, protect joints, muscles, and bones from damage, prevent injuries on hard surfaces like concrete and gravel

Why is it important to not apply ice packs directly to the skin?

Applying ice directly to the skin can result in nerve damage.

Which of the following is NOT an important part of exercise clothing?

Belts

What are the key factors in selecting clothes for use during an exercise program?

Comfort, wicking, and layering

A minor injury is one that __________.

Does not impair athletic performance

Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent bursitis?

Drinking water

A shoulder massage is one of the best treatments immediately after pulling a muscle in your shoulder.

False

An acute sports injury that results in unconsciousness is not generally considered life threatening.

False

Every individual getting a concussion demonstrates the same four symptoms.

False

Exercise equipment compensates for acting irresponsibly and disregarding the rules of a physical activity.

False

Finding friends who like to exercise with you is the most important step in beginning a new exercise program.

False

Hypothermia is a condition caused by exercising in extreme heat.

False

Pain during sports is completely normal and should not be a concern

False

The name brand on clothing is the most important criteria when choosing exercise clothing.

False

To remain healthy, daily fluid intake should be much less than fluid loss.

False

You should start an exercise regimen before seeing a health professional for advice

False

In general, which factor is NOT critical when beginning an exercise program?

Finding friends who like to exercise the same way you do

Identify the processes by which the human body both gains and loses fluids.

Fluid intake is accomplished by drinking fluids and eating foods. Fluid losses occur through urination, perspiration, and respiration.

Which sport is likely to have the most impact with other players?

Football

Why are head and spine injuries much more serious than muscle strain or hematomas?

Head and spine injuries can result in permanent disabilities

Compare and contrast heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are both caused by prolonged exposure to the Sun with very high temperatures. Heat exhaustion is typically less severe with symptoms of headache, nausea, pale skin, and fatigue. Heat stroke results when the body cannot regulate its body temperature any longer, and it is life threatening. Immediate medical assistance should be obtained if you suspect heat stroke.

___ has occurred when your body can no longer regulate its temperature.

Heat stroke

Wicking is important for exercise clothing because it

Helps to remove sweat from the body

Which of the following statements is true for high-visibility clothing?

High-visibility clothing is important to wear in areas with moving vehicles

Explain how immobilizing an injured limb with a cast can enhance healing.

Immobilizing an injured limb enhances healing by preventing movements that can aggravate the injury and make it worse.

Aside from protective equipment, what other ways can you stay safe when taking part in athletic events?

In addition to using protective equipment correctly, participants must also follow the game rules, use common sense, and keep the safety of others in mind.

Why is it critical to provide proper treatment for minor and moderate sports injuries within the first 48 hours after sustaining the injury?

It accelerates the recovery and healing process

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bone fractures?

It does not always include pain

How does compression reduce swelling after an injury?

It narrows blood vessels

Which of these medical exams most thoroughly evaluates a person's ability to participate in exercise?

Medical Evaluation

What type of medication would you be most likely to use for a mild sprain?

OTC medication

How often does a 16-year old need a medical evaluation from a doctor?

Once every two years

Explain what types of sports injuries for which it is appropriate to use over-the-counter medications and why.

Over-the-counter medications are generally best used for minor injuries where the pain and damage suffered are minimal.

Going too far beyond what the body can handle with vigorous exercise, especially without taking time to build up to the level of exercise, is an example of __________.

Overexertion

List and explain the most common dangerous conditions that increase the chance of getting injured in sports.

Overuse, overexertion, and incorrect technique. Overuse is caused by repetitive motion and is common in sports that require repeated movements, like tennis and pitching. Overexertion is pushing the body beyond one's physical ability. Lastly, using an incorrect technique usually goes unnoticed and results in pain.

Besides urination, the other methods for fluid loss from the body are __________.

Perspiration and respiration

Dangerous conditions influencing sport injuries include all of the following EXCEPT:

Practicing and drills

Describe the importance of using protective equipment when participating in sports or physical activity.

Protective equipment is designed to prevent the common injuries that can occur for each sport. While protective equipment does not completely eliminate the chance for injury, it does significantly reduce the risk.

Braces are important because they. . .

Provide support for a weakened joint

The first step in responding to any sports injury is to __________.

Remove the danger that lead to the injury

What is the first step in the RICE regimen for injuries?

Rest

Explain the importance of following the rules while participating in sports.

Rules are the cornerstone of sports and keep everyone safe. They are written to keep everyone on the same page during the game. It is important to follow the rules of the coach or instructor and never injure another player on purpose.

Which of the following statements about game rules is TRUE?

Rules are written to protect the safety of the participants.

Which of the following is the most important to do before starting an exercise program?

See your doctor

Moderate injuries are generally. . .

Soft tissue injuries

Why is it important to listen to your body when playing sports?

Sports should not hurt. If you are in pain, there may be several reasons why that is. Pain occurs when something is wrong. Ignoring the pain is a serious mistake. Instead, listen to your body and accommodate your play to limit or avoid the pain. If that does not help, you should stop playing and rest or see a doctor.

What is the first step of the STOP procedure for assessing acute sports injuries?

Stop the player from further aggravating the injury.

Explain why it is important to stop playing a sport after sustaining an injury even if the pain seems to go away.

Suffering an injury while playing sports is often accompanied by feelings of pain or discomfort, and just because the pain goes away, it does not mean that the injury has healed.

Which of the following is an example of an overuse injury?

Tendonitis

Discuss the role of the medical professional in beginning an exercise program...

The medical professional should be consulted before engaging in a new or vastly different exercise program. Medical professionals can identify preexisting conditions and use family history to help design the exercise program.

In which of the following acute injury situations is the player least likely to be able to continue playing?

The player is unconscious

Discuss the variations in foot shape and the type of shoes that are required for each foot shape.

There are three variations: normal, flat-footed, and high arches. Those with high arches tend to roll their foot outward while running. Shoes with more cushioning and flexibility are required in this case. People who are flat-footed roll their foot inward; this movement demands a shoe that provides more stability. People who have normal-shaped feet can choose just about any shoe because most shoes are designed to fit this type.

A person is just as likely to become dehydrated in the cold as in the heat.

True

An injured limb should be kept above heart level.

True

Drinks with high levels of carbohydrates can cause dehydration in hot environments.

True

Exercise safety relies significantly on choosing clothing appropriate for both the type of exercise and the environment of your exercise.

True

Exercising with a friend or partner will enhance your safety.

True

Getting adequate rest will actually strengthen you in the long run.

True

Gordon is going for a run through the park, but it is cold outside. The low outside temperature could affect his personal safety.

True

Groin and hamstring strain both include symptoms of bruising, pain, and swelling.

True

Incorrect techniques generally lead to ligament and tendon damage

True

It is important to wear protective equipment in both practice and games.

True

It's important to match your exercise shoes with the type of exercise in which you will be participating.

True

Millions of children are treated each year for sports-related injuries.

True

Repetitive motion can cause injury

True

Some injuries can be corrected surgically

True

Starting a new exercise regimen without consulting a doctor first can be dangerous, especially if you have previous injuries...

True

Stopping/twisting and jumping/landing are movements that can both result in the same injury type.

True

The human body is composed of approximately 60% of water.

True

Urination is one of the key mechanisms for losing fluid from the human body.

True

Surgical correction is generally only required for __________.

Very serious injuries

Explain why the first step in responding to any sports injury is to remove the danger that led to the injury.

When someone sustains an injury while participating in sports, that indicates that something unexpected has occurred. There is a risk that the conditions that lead to the initial injury could continue to pose a health hazard both to the player who sustained the initial injury as well as other players; it is essential to remove that danger.

Discuss the importance of fluid balance while exercising.

While exercising, the body loses fluids through perspiration and respiration. The more rigorous the exercise, the more fluids are lost. It's important to replace these fluids both during and after the exercise.

Which of the following should you NOT do after spraining your wrist while playing sports?

Work through the injury by continuing to play

Discuss how personal choice can enhance your safety when exercising.

You can choose when, where, and how to exercise. Each of these choices can either positively or negatively affect your safety during physical activity.

Returning to a sport after an injury is most dependent upon __________.

Your personal rate of healing

Identify safety preparations that are common when exercising in extreme cold or extreme heat.

allowing the body to acclimate gradually to the temperature and wearing appropriate clothing.

List some of the most common injuries that can occur from sports.

ankle sprains, concussion, bone fractures, knee-tears, hamstring strains, and groin strain.

The "A" in ACL stands for __________.

anterior

Common symptoms of a concussion include all of the following EXCEPT:

chills

Which of the following statements describes one of the key decisions for personal safety while exercising?

choosing clothing that is appropriate for the environment and type of exercise

When lost fluid is not replaced adequately, __________ can result.

dehydration

Which statement most accurately describes the ideal fluid balance for the body?

equal fluid intake and fluid loss

Describe the differences between a PAR-Q, medical screening, medical evaluation, and exercise stress test...

he PAR-Q is a written assessment that predicts one's readiness for exercise. The other three require the help of a health professional to complete. Medical screenings and medical evaluations are both performed by a doctor, but the medical evaluation is more in-depth. Finally, the exercise stress test is designed to test the response of the body while exercising rigorously. This test is usually only used when a problem is suspected jay could endanger the participant's life.

Which of the following choices is NOT a common injury in sports?

hemorrhage and arthritis

Protective equipment is important because __________.

it keeps activities safe for the participants by reducing injury risk

Natalee wants to go for a run outside, but it is the middle of winter and it is very cold. What kind of clothing should she choose to prevent possible sickness?

long pants, long sleeve shirts, and a head covering.

Which of the following statements about stopping/twisting is NOT true?

mostly occurs in individual sports

Electrolytes serve several purposes in the body, including. . .

nerve and muscle function and fluid balance

Acute hypothermia is caused by. . .

rapid loss of body heat

Frostbite. . .

results when tissues are damaged by extreme cold

When exercising in heat you should. . .

vary the intensity and duration of the exercise

Dressing appropriately for exercise includes __________.

wearing sunscreen when exercising outside

If you have high arches. . .

you need shoes with more cushioning and flexibility