Unit 1 CSP

How many bits would you need if you wanted to count up to 1000? what about 25? 400?

10 bits - it is 1024 and is over 1000 5 bits, the highet you can make is 31 which is higher than 9 bits, the highest you can make is 511

how many options are in a bit

2

how much does 8 bits store, 4 bits, and 2 bits

256, 16, and 4

how many bits are needed in a 4 by 8 image

32 bits each bit is a box

Lossless Compression:

: A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible. when you still want it to be clear and detailed

whats the binary code for (255, 182, 193)

:D

bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1.

"lossy" compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible. when you don't care about details, more about decreasing the file size

A computer program performs the operation and represents the result as the value . Which of the following best explains this result? Responses An overflow error occurred. The precision of the result is limited due to the constraints of using a floating-point representation. The program attempted to execute the operation with the arguments in reverse order. The program attempted to represent a floating-point number as an integer.

B

digital data

Data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values very choppy and blocky

analog data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

decimal numbers vs binary

Decimal number: a base 10 number with ten possible different digits Binary number: a base 2 number with two possible different digits 0 1

Overflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large. over the amount of bits

Round-off Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded. like 1.38289324238

When you add a zero to the right of a decimal number, it multiplies its value by 10 (For example, "15" becomes "150"). What similar result happens to the value of a binary number when you add a zero on the right? (For example, "11" would become "110").

It gets multiplied by 2, so 11, or 3 would become 6, or 110.

What do you notice when you compare the odd numbers with the even numbers in binary? What might explain this?

When you compare odd numbers and even numbers, the odd numbers always end with a 1, while the even numbers always end with a 0. This is because the last digit is always a 1, so if a number has a one in it, it makes it even

byte

a group of 8 bits

Creative Commons

a license that allows you to freely use materials created by others.

Which of the following can be represented by a sequence of bits? An integer An alphanumeric character A machine language instruction I only III only I and II only I, II, and III

all

A certain programming language uses 4-bit binary sequences to represent nonnegative integers. For example, the binary sequence 0101 represents the corresponding decimal value 5. Using this programming language, a programmer attempts to add the decimal values 14 and 15 and assign the sum to the variable total. Which of the following best describes the result of this operation? Responses The correct sum of 29 will be assigned to the variable total.. An overflow error will occur because 4 bits is not large enough to represent either of the values 14 or 15 . An overflow error will occur because 4 bits is not large enough to represent 29, the sum of 14 and 15. A round-off error will occur because the decimal values 14 and 15 are represented as approximations due to the fixed number of bits used to represent numbers.

c

sampling

creating a representation of analog data by measuring it in intervals (aka samples)

The position of a runner in a race is a type of analog data. The runner's position is tracked using sensors. Which of the following best describes how the position of the runner is represented digitally? Responses The position of the runner is determined by calculating the time difference between the start and the end of the race and making an estimation based on the runner's average speed. The position of the runner is measured and rounded to either 0 or 1 depending on whether the runner is closer to the starting line or closer to the finish line. The position of the runner is predicted using a model based on performance data captured from previous races. The position of the runner is sampled at regular intervals to approximate the real-word position, and a sequence of bits is used to represent each sample.

d

32, 594, and 321 in binary

figure it out lmao

Scenario 1: You are sending this as a text message to a friend but you've almost run out of data on your phone plan

large to medium amount of compression

Scenario 5: This image will be part of a collage where 100 copies will be stitched together to make a larger image

medium or large compression

A store uses binary numbers to assign a unique binary sequence to each item in its inventory. What is the minimum number of bits required for each binary sequence if the store has between 75 and 100 items in its inventory? Responses 5 6 7 8

minimum is 7

Scenario 3: This image is part of a satellite imaging assignment for the military, being used for intelligence gathering

no compresion

Scenario 2: You are a crime-scene photographer and this image is part of a crime-scene photo

no compression

Open Access

online research output free of restrictions to access and use

prototype

preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new

what are the pros and cons of sampling an image more frequently

pro: more detailed, more boxes cons: more work

Open Source

programs that are made freely available and may be redistributed and modified.

Scenario 4: You are a Social Media manager posting this to an Instagram story for an event happening right now

small or no

Binary can precisely represent _________ fractional amounts from the decimal number system

some

why is compression important

storage space is limited and you'd always prefer to use fewer bits if you could -there is an upper limit to how fast bits can be transmitted over the Internet

How many possible combinations are in three bits, four bits, and 10 bits

three: 8 combinations four: 16 ten: 2048

when is lossless compression important

when details are improtant useful when the accuracy of the original item is most important Examples: Bank records, text files, some images

when is lossy compression important

when details are not needed and file size is important useful when file size is a concern or when it needs to be sent in a reasonable amount of time. Examples: Multimedia - especially streaming media (images, video, audio)

What made some messages "easier" to compress than others? What made some messages more "difficult" to compress than others?

when there are repeated words are phrases, its easier

Compression:

when you abbreviate or use coded language to shorten the original text, you are "compressing text." Computers do this too, in order to save time and space.