Unit 1 - European Settlement of North America
Great Awakening
(1730s and 1740s) Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield). The first cultural movement to unite the Thirteen Colonies. Associated with the democratization of religion.
House of Burgesses
1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt Houses of Burgesses.
Royal Colony
A colony ruled by a governor who was appointed by the king or queen
Nathaniel Bacon - Bacon's Rebellion
A farmer in the back-country, his resentment of Governor Berkeley and the lack of power in the Virginia government, lead to a rebellion. When Berkeley refused to let Bacon and other farmers fight nearby Indians, he went into Jamestown, with his own militia, burned most of the city and drove Berkeley out of town.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Mercantilism
According to this doctrine, the colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country; they should add to its wealth, prosperity, and self-sufficiency. The settlers were regarded more or less as tenants. They were expected to produce tobacco and other products needed in England and not to bother their heads with dangerous experiments in agriculture or self-government.
Trans-Atlantic Trade
All goods shipped to or from British North America had to travel in British ships, and any goods exported to Europe had to land first in Britain to pay British taxes. Some goods could be exported to Britain only.
Powhatan
An Indian chieftain who dominated the peoples in the James River area. All the tribes loosely under his control came to be called Powhatan's Confederacy.
King Philip's War
Conflict in New England from June 1675- August 1676, the most devastating war between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England. The war is named for King Philip, the son of Massasoit and chief of the Wampanoag ==> afterwards the natives were never really a threat in New England again
New Amsterdam
Dutch settlement from 1614-1664 , part of New Netherlands, that later became New York
Quebec
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608
Slaves in the Colonies
First slaves were brought to Jamestown in 1619...They became Indentured Servants because they were Christians.
Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williams
Rhode Island
Founded by Roger Williams in 1636, He broke away from Massachusetts as a religious dissenter. Roger Williams created a colony that was tolerant of all religions.
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn as a Quaker colony in 1682
Benjamin Franklin
He was born to a poor family in Boston...he moved to Philadelphia where he learned a new trade. He was able to move up the social ladder and he was a unique individual who became a Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and eventually a Founding Father.
Salem Witch Trials
In 1692, several girls in Salem, Massachusetts, accused their neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100 people were tried as witches, and 19 women and one man were executed. Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually helped stop the trials and executions.
Half-way Covenant
The Half-way Covenant applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. The covenant allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
Puritans
The first English settlers who came to american Seeking religious freedom because they wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay in 1630.
Puritan Town Meetings
The meetings were held in the church all Puritan males were required to attend the meeting. It encouraged the growth of democratic ideas.
Tobacco Cultivation
Tobacco provided Virginia with a cash crop that guaranteed the colony's survival