Unit 1 Exam

When a child is diagnosed with two disorders, which of the following statements is most strongly supported by research findings? A) Boys diagnosed with conduct disorder are more likely than girls diagnosed with conduct disorder to also be diagnosed with ADHD. B) Girls diagnosed with conduct disorder are more likely than boys diagnosed with conduct disorder to also be diagnosed with ADHD. C) Depressive symptoms usually occur before conduct-disorder symptoms. D) Conduct-disorder symptoms usually occur before ADHD symptoms

(B) Girls diagnosed with conduct disorder are more likely than boys diagnosed with conduct disorder to also be diagnosed with ADHD.

Boys and girls have about the same percentage chance of being diagnosed with: A) oppositional defiant disorder if they are prepubertal. B) oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpuberty. C) conduct disorder if they are prepuberty. D) conduct disorder if they are postpuberty.

(B) Oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpuberty

Your fear of spiders is debilitating because you are an entomologist. To treat this phobia, your therapist puts you in a room with spiders, even asking you to handle them. This technique might be used in: A) modeling. B) flooding. C) covert desensitization. D) systematic desensitization.

(B) flooding

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is: A) implosive therapy. B) systematic desensitization. C) experimental extinction. D) self-instruction training

(B) systematic desensitization.

Xavier will not obey his mother. When threatened with punishment, he swears, throws things, and threatens to break everything in the house. His outbreaks seem to be restricted to his parents, but he is almost completely unmanageable. This is an example of A) conduct disorder. B) juvenile delinquency. C) childhood schizophrenia. D) oppositional defiant disorder

(D) Oppositional defiant disorder

Which of the following is least consistent with a psychodynamic explanation for the development of generalized anxiety? A) People with generalized anxiety did not have excessive discipline or disturbed environments as children. B) People with generalized anxiety tend to use repression and denial when asked to discuss their problems. C) People with generalized anxiety had parents who were particularly protective of them as children. D) People with generalized anxiety have difficulty remembering fear-arousing events they have experienced.

A) People with generalized anxiety did not have excessive discipline or disturbed environments as children

The child most likely to show the first symptom of autistic disorder would be a: A) boy under 3 years old. B) girl under 3 years old. C) boy over 5 years old. D) girl over 5 years old.

A) boy under 3 years old.

Which of the following disorders of childhood and adolescence is most common? A) conduct disorder B) encopresis C) ADHD D) mental retardation

A) conduct disorder

A friend has been receiving both stimulant medication and behavior therapy for ADHD and the treatment program has been reasonably effective. As your friend approaches adulthood, the best thing to do would be to: A) continue the present treatment program. B) gradually stop treatment; the symptoms almost always fade away in adulthood. C) continue only the behavior therapy; drugs are relatively ineffective with adults. D) continue only the stimulant medication; behavior therapy is relatively ineffective with adults.

A) continue the present treatment program.

Generally speaking, as children diagnosed with ADHD enter adulthood, the number of them who continue to have ADHD: A) decreases, and symptom severity decreases as well. B) decreases, although symptom severity remains the same among those diagnosed ADHD. C) decreases, although symptom severity among those diagnosed ADHD increases. D) stays the same, although symptom severity decreases.

A) decreases, and symptom severity decreases as well.

Fear differs from anxiety in that: A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general. B) anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear. C) anxiety is to an interpersonal threat and fear is to an inanimate threat. D) anxiety is an immediate response; fear is more vague.

A) fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general.

Studies of the use of behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism have shown that behavioral techniques can produce: A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. B) only short-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance. C) long-term gains in school achievement, but only short-term gains in intelligence test performance. D) only short-term gains in school achievement, but long-term gains in intelligence test performance

A) long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance.

Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter? A) norepinephrine B) epinephrine C) serotonin D) endorphin

A) norepinephrine

At the outset of a(n) _______, fear of losing control leads to hyperventilation, hyperventilation leads to a fear of suffocation, fear of suffocation leads to a feeling that the situation is very dangerous and that the person is losing control. A) panic attack B) generalized anxiety attack C) obsessive episode D) compulsive episode

A) panic attack

"I'm concerned about Ritalin use; its possible effects on children's growth, and its increasing heart-attack risk in hypertensive adults" an acquaintance worries. Your best reply, based on the most recent research is: A) "Don't worry—the latest studies pretty much rule out those problems." B) "You're right to worry—and we need more research to quantify the risk." C) "You need to be concerned about growth effects in kids, but not heart-attack risk in adults." D) "You need to be concerned about heart-attack risk in adults, but not about growth effects in kids."

B) "You're right to worry—and we need more research to quantify the risk."

The most common mental disorders in the United States are the: A) mood disorders. B) anxiety disorders. C) personality disorders. D) sexual disorders.

B) anxiety disorders.

Based on the most recent research, a comparison of the use of cognitive/behavioral interventions to the use of antidepressant medication interventions in the treatment of social phobias found that: A) neither medication nor cognitive/behavioral treatments work very well. B) both reduce social phobias, but cognitive/behavioral interventions reduce relapse rates more. C) both reduce social phobias, but antidepressant medication interventions reduce relapse rates more. D) both reduce social phobias, but neither reduces relapse rates very much.

B) both reduce social phobias, but cognitive/behavioral interventions reduce relapse rates more.

You read a case study about a ten-year-old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. This case is: A) common; girls from poor backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. B) fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse. C) uncommon; girls from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse. D) very uncommon; boys from wealthy backgrounds are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

B) fairly common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most common victims of sexual abuse.

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying: A) metaworry. B) irrational assumption. C) compulsion. D) condition of worth.

B) irrational assumption.

More women than men experience all of the following anxiety disorders except: A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) panic disorder. D) specific phobia.

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

According to behavioral theory, specific learned fears become a generalized anxiety disorder through the process of: A) modeling. B) stimulus generalization. C) stimulus discrimination. D) response prevention.

B) stimulus generalization.

A female child is diagnosed with autism. Later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is: A) very rare; most people diagnosed with autism are males, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood. C) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism are females, and their symptoms usually diminish substantially by early adulthood. D) common; most people diagnosed with autism are females, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

B) uncommon; most people diagnosed with autism are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood.

When asked, a parent says, "Why does my kid have ADHD? I guess it's in the genes." Given this very limited information, your research-based guess would be that the parent is: A) African American, and more likely than most to seek treatment for the child. B) white American, and more likely than most to seek treatment for the child. C) African American, and less likely than most to seek treatment for the child. D) white American, and less likely than most to seek treatment for the child.

B) white American, and more likely than most to seek treatment for the child.

The phobia most often associated with panic disorder is: A) claustrophobia. B) acrophobia. C) agoraphobia. D) metrophobia.

C) agoraphobia.

Of the following, which is most likely to be successful in a treatment foster care program? A) family therapy with the foster parents followed by therapy with the original parents B) meetings with school, parole, and probation officers if needed C) all components—child, family, and community—applied simultaneously D) individual treatment with the child, followed by family therapy

C) all components—child, family, and community—applied simultaneously

"I knew right after we got home from the hospital that our kid had a problem," the parent said. Unless the parent is using 20-20 hindsight, the child's diagnosis most likely is: A) mental retardation. B) ADHD. C) autism. D) enuresis.

C) autism.

Intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine mental retardation, because intelligence test scores: A) are not positively correlated with school performance. B) lack reliability. C) don't indicate level of adaptive behavior. D) lack validity.

C) don't indicate level of adaptive behavior

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them: A) have relatives who are atypically anxious. B) are prone to allergies and have immune deficiencies. C) misinterpret bodily sensations. D) experience more stress than average

C) misinterpret bodily sensations.

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms: A) respond more fearfully to predictable than to unpredictable events. B) fail to pay attention to threatening cues. C) overestimate their chances of being harmed. D) show little physiological arousal to stress.

C) overestimate their chances of being harmed.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A) has not received much support at all in therapy applications. B) receives support in therapy applications, but its usefulness is limited to treating generalized anxiety disorder. C) receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder. D) is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

C) receives support in therapy applications for a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.

Panic disorder develops most often in: A) younger men. B) older men. C) younger women. D) older women.

C) younger women.

Research has shown that, during infancy and early childhood, autistic children are more likely to: A) have parents who divorce than are "normal" children. B) be raised in a family with financial difficulties than are "normal" children. C) have old, rejecting parents. D) None of the answers are true

D) None of the answers are true

According to current research, using relaxation training to treat generalized anxiety disorder is: A) the best treatment available. B) simply not effective. C) better than similar treatments such as meditation. D) better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation.

D) better than nothing, and about as effective as meditation.

GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter believed to be involved in reducing the excitability of neurons in the brain, has been implicated in the etiology of: A) schizophrenia. B) panic disorder. C) conversion disorder. D) generalized anxiety disorder

D) generalized anxiety disorder.

A person diagnosed with autism listens to a piano piece at a concert. Later at home, the person plays the piano piece without the music, and without making a mistake. This behavior is best described as: A) perseveration of sameness. B) repetitive and rigid behavior. C) delayed echolalia. D) savant skill.

D) savant skill

If one knew nothing more than that the person with mental retardation also had extensive and severe medical problems and physical handicaps, the best estimate of that person's level of mental retardation would be: A) mild. B) mild or moderate. C) moderate or severe. D) severe or profound.

D) severe or profound.

A child who has been diagnosed with ADHD frequently disrupts the class to such a degree that the teacher can no longer conduct instruction. This kind of problem behavior is: A) very unusual; many diagnosed with ADHD have trouble learning, but almost none exhibit serious behavior problems. B) unusual; only about 20% diagnosed with ADHD exhibit serious behavior problems. C) common; about half of those diagnosed with ADHD exhibit serious behavior problems. D) the norm; over three-quarters of those diagnosed with ADHD exhibit serious behavior problems

D) the norm; over three-quarters of those diagnosed with ADHD exhibit serious behavior problems

A child has been diagnosed with conduct disorder, but was not previously diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. This situation is: A) very common; the two disorders are not related to one another. B) common; although the disorders are related, less that 10% of those diagnosed with conduct disorder were earlier diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. C) not very common; almost half of those diagnosed with conduct disorder were earlier diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder. D) uncommon; over 80% of those diagnosed with conduct disorder were earlier diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.

D) uncommon; over 80% of those diagnosed with conduct disorder were earlier diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder.

Which of the following is an example of a metaworry? A) worry about all possible signs of danger B) worrying about not worrying enough C) thinking about worrying D) worrying about worrying

D) worrying about worrying