Unit 1 Physical Science
Lesson 5
Tying It All Together
A substance burns in the presence of oxygen. Which answer choice names a chemical property in this scenario?
flammability
Which process is an example of a physical change?
flattening
Examine the false statement. Liquids are flammable. Select the reworded sentences that make the statement true. Select all that apply.
Liquids are not flammable. The gases of liquids are flammable.
How is the work of scientists checked for accuracy?
Scientists submit their work to scientific journals, and it is reviewed by their peers.
Sugar is a pure substance, but it is not an element. Which sentences support this statement? Hint: Consider the definition of an element. Select all that apply.
Animals break down sugar through cellular respiration. Plants make sugar using water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sunlight.
Which of the answer choices is a true statement? Select all that apply.
Nonmetals usually exist as molecules, combining with atoms of themselves. Metallic elements can exist on their own as individual atoms.
Imagine a 10 kg chunk of aluminum (density = 2.7 g/cm3) and a 10 g chunk of iron (density = 7.9 g/cm3). Which of the following is true?
The chunk of iron's volume is smaller than the chunk of aluminum's volume.
Which correctly describes a positive relationship for a line graph?
The majority of the data points for a line increases when traveling left to right along the x-axis.
What is the name and symbol of the element in the second row and fourteenth column of the periodic table? Hint: Review your periodic table.
carbon (C)
Study the qualities below. Which unit of measure is being described? used to measure length smaller than a meter
centimeter
A round ball of dough is rolled and flattened into a sheet to make pie crust. What physical property of the dough has changed?
partial 0.5 color shape
While _[blank]_ science deals with knowledge discovery, _[blank]_ science deals with knowledge use.
pure; applied
Which of the answer choices list a compound? Select all that apply.
salt (NaCl) water (H2O)
Which of the answer choices best describes the property of volume?
the amount of space a substance's matter occupies
Which of the following measurements uses a derived unit?
volume
An object has a mass of 50.0 g and a volume of 10.5 cm3. What is the object's density?
4.76 g/cm
Perform the following conversion. 0.09 km to dam
9 dam
A compound is made of two or more different atoms joined together. Which image best models this statement?
Chain (Two rings) red and Gray connected
Study the labeled data table. https://cds.flipswitch.com/tools/asset/media/450697 Which part of the data table usually contains information for each of the trials run in an experiment?
D, E, and F
Which examples best demonstrate the benefit of understanding physical properties? Select all that apply.
Engineers can design better bridges because they know how metal changes shape. Scientists can easily classify mixtures of unknown substances
Which of the statements about elements is true?
No two elements have the same kind of atom.
Which option most likely describes scientist(s) working in pure science?
Two scientists in a lab examining vials of urine they are analyzing for levels of excreted protein.
Lesson 3
What's the Matter?
Examine the analogy comparing an element to a brick. element : compound :: brick : _[blank]_ Choose the answer that best completes this analogy
house
Which of the answer choices lists a compound?
ice cubes
In an experiment, the factors that scientists change or manipulate are _[blank]_ variables. _[blank]_ variables are the factors that scientists measure and record, and _[blank]_ variables are the factors that scientists intentionally keep constant.
independent; Dependent; controlled
Which of the following units is an SI base unit?
kilogram
Human curiosity has led to improvements in technology, which has increased scientists' ability to _[blank]_.
make observations
Which of the answer choices list an example of an organic compound? Select all that apply.
methane (CH4) glucose (C6H12O6)
Which of the answer choices best describes elements?
pure substances
Which answer choices best indicate that a substance has experienced a chemical change? Select all that apply.
when a new substance is formed when the substance changes temperature
An antacid tablet added to a glass of water fizzes and bubbles as it mixes. Which of the indicators of a chemical change is represented in this scenario?
formation of a gas
Which best describes how scientists behave when the results of an experiment do not support a theory?
Scientists conduct further experiments.
Review the experimental question and hypothesis. Which statement best explains why the hypothesis is testable? Question:How does the amount of water individuals drink everyday affect the number of facial blemishes they receive every month? Hypothesis:If the amount of water people drink everyday affects the concentration of certain hormones in their blood, then increasing the amount of water consumed daily will decrease the number of facial blemishes they receive each month.
The hypothesis includes an explanation and makes a prediction.
What happens during a controlled experiment?
The results of changing the independent variable are observed.
Which process is an example of a chemical change?
activating a glow stick
Which of the answer choices names a substance that consists of one type of atom?
an element
Which of the answer choices best describes what scientists gather in order to construct a hypothesis?
background information
A testable hypothesis provides a prediction and explanation and can be _____ using a well-designed experiment. (Select all that apply.)
confirmed rejected
Which characteristics best describe scientific thinking?
curious, open-minded, and skeptical
In what direction and how many spaces must you move the decimal point to make the following conversion? 600 L to mL
right; 3 spaces
In what row and column of the periodic table is selenium (Se) located? Hint: Review your periodic table.
row 4, column 16
A metal coin has a volume of 835 mm3 and a mass of 5.67 g. What is the density of the coin?
0.006 79 g/mm3
How many atoms of carbon would two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) have?
12
Study the conclusion. Fertilizer makes tomato plants produce bigger fruit. Which statement best supports the conclusion? (Select all that apply.)
Fertilized tomato plants produce fruit that is bigger than unfertilized tomato plants. Unfertilized tomato plants produce fruit that is smaller than fertilized tomato plants.
Which of the answer choices compares a chemical property of two substances?
Gasoline is more flammable than wood.
What type of graph can be used to display qualitative data? Select all that apply.
a bar graph a circle graph
André does a count of the student body population at his school. His data is listed in the following table. https://cds.flipswitch.com/tools/asset/media/450670 What method should André use to communicate his data?
a circle graph
Examine the following data table. https://cds.flipswitch.com/tools/asset/media/450688 What type of graph should be used to communicate the data?
a histogram
Which process is an example of a chemical change?
a metal railing rusting in damp weather
What are the basic units of matter?
atoms
What items are necessary to conduct a well-designed investigation? Select all that apply.
an experimental and a control group experimental constants an independent and a dependent variable physical constants 0.83 out of 1
Which best explains what happens when scientists submit their work to a scientific journal for peer review?
A group of scientists judges the soundness of the experiments that are submitted for publication.
Scientists have increased their ability to make observations beyond their own senses through the invention of specialized equipment such as Xray telescopes. Which best explains how such technology has affected society?
Human knowledge of the universe beyond Earth has increased.
Read the following hypothesis. If light affects gecko metabolism, then increasing the amount of light in a gecko's environment will increase a gecko's activity level. What is the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?
IV = amount of light DV = gecko's activity level
Read the following hypothesis. If the amount of oxygen in a pond affects the survival rate of fish, then decreasing the amount of oxygen in the pond will decrease the amount of fish in the pond. What is the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV)?
IV = amount of oxygen in the pond DV = amount of fish
_[blank]_ are the materials that change in a chemical reaction, while _[blank]_ are the substances formed by changes in a chemical reaction.
Reactants; products
Lesson 2
Science Counts
Which of the following can happen when scientists analyze their experimental data and draw conclusions? Select all that apply.Which of the following can happen when scientists analyze their experimental data and draw conclusions? Select all that apply.
Scientists reject their hypotheses. Scientists confirm their hypotheses.
On what kind of graph would the composition of air be best represented?
a pie chart
When barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2, mixes with water, the solution turns cold. Which indicator of a chemical change is represented in this scenario?
change in energy
A _[blank]_ graph is useful for showing how part of something relates to the whole.
circle
Which of the following are organic compounds? Select all that apply.
propane (C3H8) methane (CH4)
Data made of numbers obtained from counting or measuring objects is _[blank]_, while data made of descriptions obtained from observing properties and characteristics of objects is _[blank]_.
quantitative; qualitative
Baking soda is mixed with water, and no bubbles are produced. When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, it bubbles and foams rapidly. What chemical property of baking soda is shown in this scenario?
reactivity
What atoms make up a molecule of silicon dioxide (SiO2)? Select all that apply.
silicon oxygen
A scientific _[blank]_ is an explanation for observable facts that is supported by experimental evidence. A scientific _[blank]_ is a statement that summarizes a pattern observed in nature.
theory; law
When are bar graphs used? Select all that apply.
when small changes in data are being tracked when two sets of data are being compared
Which are physical changes?
curling hair with rollers cutting cheese with knife
Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer. What is the independent variable in Levi's experiment on tomato plants?
the amount of fertilizer given to the plants
What is scientific knowledge made of?
the ideas that scientists understand and can reasonably explain
Levi decides to examine the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He chooses four plants for his experiment and applies varying amounts of fertilizer to three of them. He does not apply fertilizer to one plant. Over a 15-day period, the plants receive fertilizer on Days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Levi measures the height of all of his plants with a meterstick on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. He also makes sure to hold all experimental factors constant except for the fertilizer. What is the dependent variable in Levi's experiment on tomato plants?
the measurements of plant height
Study the graph. https://cds.flipswitch.com/tools/asset/media/485698 What value in the data does 30 cm represent? Hint: Count the number of times 30 cm is recorded, and compare this to the other values.
the mode
Examine the statement. A compound consists of two or more of the same kind of atom joined together. Determine whether the statement is true or false. If true, choose TRUE. If false, choose the rewording that is true.
A molecule consists of two or more of the same kind of atom joined together.
Which scenario best shows how understanding physical properties of substances can be beneficial in everyday life?
A person makes salad dressing with olive oil instead of coconut oil.
Lesson 4
Characteristics of Matter
_[blank]_ show the distribution and frequency for a set of values. _[blank]_ is how the values are spread out or grouped, and _[blank]_ is how often a value occurs in a set of numbers.
Histograms; distribution; frequency
Trini adds 10g of baking soda to 100g of vinegar. The mixture begins to bubble. When the bubbling stops, Trini finds the mass of the resulting mixture. She determines that the mass is 105g. How do you know that a chemical change has occurred?
The substances reacted, producing gas.
Which best explains what happens when scientific theories do not stand up to repeated experimentation?
The theories change to fit current data.
How do researchers investigate ideas and principles about nature?
by using the scientific process to study their surroundings
Study the data table. https://cds.flipswitch.com/tools/asset/media/450701 What is the average number of colonies for all of the swabbed surfaces?
doorknob—38 phone—29 toilet seat—16
Norman thinks that the brain function of students suffers when they receive less sleep. He predicts that students who get less sleep before an exam will receive lower test grades. To investigate his idea, he tests two groups of chemistry students. Group 1 receives four hours of sleep, while Group 2 receives the recommended eight hours of sleep the night before the exam. Both groups consume the same foods before testing and take the same exam in the same room. The room has a constant temperature and level of light for all students. What is the independent variable in Norman's investigation?
the amount of sleep students receive before their test
Norman thinks that the brain function of students suffers when they receive less sleep. He predicts that students who get less sleep before an exam will receive lower test grades. To investigate his idea, he tests two groups of chemistry students. Group 1 receives four hours of sleep, while Group 2 receives the recommended eight hours of sleep the night before the exam. Both groups consume the same foods before testing and take the same exam in the same room. The room has a constant temperature and level of light for all students. What is the dependent variable in Norman's investigation?
the range of grades students receive on their exam