Unit 1 Questions

A. Briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to 1700. Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the same period.

A. A good response would describe one of several possible strong examples of how contact with Europeans changed Native American societies between 1492 and 1700, such as: Native American population declined as a result of disease and warfare (leading to "mourning wars" between Native American tribes). Many Native Americans were enslaved and/or subjected to forced labor (the encomienda system). Traditional tribal economies changed as a result of increased trade with Europeans. Native Americans and Europeans began to intermarry in Spanish and French colonies, producing racially mixed populations and caste systems. Some Native Americans converted to Christianity. The introduction of new crops and livestock into Native American societies changed settlement patterns. Domestic animals brought by Europeans changed the environment and destroyed Native American crops. Views on gender roles, family, and property changed as a result of European influence. The introduction of guns, other weapons, and alcohol stimulated cultural and demographic changes in some Native American societies. Alliances with European nations changed politics and policies within and among tribes.

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established at the early 1700's?

All the colonies.

B. Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and Europeans brought changes to Native American societies in the same period.

B. A good response would describe one additional example from the same time period, as described above.

Which of the following groups would have most opposed the goals of the speech?

British Settlers. British settlers would have most opposed the goals of the speech, as they desired to acquire the lands that the Abenaki sought to protect from colonization.

C. Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period.

C. A good response would provide a brief explanation of one example of Native American resistance to changes brought about by contact with Europeans in this period, such as: Tribes sometimes worked to preserve their traditional tribal culture, beliefs, language, and worldviews rather than accept or adapt to European ways and beliefs. Some Native American people responded to European contact with violence and warfare, as in Metacom's Rebellion (King Philip's War) and the Pueblo Revolt (Popé's Rebellion). Some Native Americans maintained their traditional religions rather than converting to Christianity. Native Americans sometimes chose to flee rather than accept enslavement by Europeans. Tribes sometimes formed alliances with one another, such as Metacom's alliance of tribes in New England, in order to resist encroaching European colonial societies. Some tribes formed alliances with some Europeans to resist and wage war on other Europeans (or to play one European nation against another).

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century?

Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.

The trend depicted in the table most directly contributed to which of the following developments in British North America?

Disagreement over the enforcement of mercantilism restrictions. As the British North American colonies became increasingly reliant on imported goods from England, some colonists sought ways to work around mercantilism policies that required the colonies to trade only with Britain.

"The development of a plantation economy, beginning in the sixteenth century, transformed Africa, America, Europe, and Asia, too. It displaced the old silk trade and shifted the increasingly dynamic center of the world economy westward to the Atlantic. . "The Atlantic economy supplied eager European consumers with mildly addictive . . . crops like tobacco and coffee, along with sugar. . . . The Atlantic plantation system transformed these three [products] into items of general consumption. . . . Investors prospered, and capital for further economic development accumulated in the [home country]. The governments found funding and motive to develop sea power. The Americas had lucrative export crops and developed a society based on a system of labor exploitation of Africans, and Africa suffered the transport of eleven million of its people to the New World." Thomas Bender, historian, A Nation Among Nations: America's Place in World History, 2006 Which of the following claims does the excerpt make about changes that occurred as a result of new interactions in the Atlantic region?

Europeans developed new methods of conducting trade and making profits. The excerpt claims that financial investors prospered and accumulated capital, which would eventually become the basis for further economic development and, in the long term, industrialization.

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians?

France

"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. "If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?" "The power of the Holy Spirit dweller perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God." Anne Hutchinson, 1630's The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630's?

Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities

Before 1800, which of the following European imports had the greatest impact on the lives of the Plains Indians?

Horses

Colonial cities functioned primarily as

Mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods.

Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to

Profit economically

"I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . . "Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown, and [ran] to my pasture for my horse with all my might, fearing that I should be too late to hear him. ". . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . . "When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach . . . and my old foundation was broken up, and I saw that my righteousness would not save me. . . ." Nathan Cole, farmer, describing going to hear Reverend George Whitefield preach in Middletown, Connecticut, 1740 The events described in the excerpt resulted in which of the following developments in the British North American colonies?

Protestant evangelicalism furthered the Anglicization of the colonies. Correct. The excerpt describes how Protestant evangelicalism spread from Britain during the First Great Awakening and influenced broad aspects of colonial culture.

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT-

Russians

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's rebellion in 1676?

Tensions between back country farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed.

The table most directly suggests which of the following developments by 1749?

The British established increasingly extensive trade networks to provide goods to its colonies. In order to gather sources of raw material and to expand markets for their products, English merchants extended their trade with British American colonists and with Native Americans across North America.

Which of the following was an outcome of the Colombian Exchange?

The diets of Europeans improved. This was an outcome.

Developments such as that depicted in the image most directly led to which of the following?

The importation of enslaved Africans to the Caribbean. To meet the growing demand for sugar cultivation, the Spanish began importing enslaved Africans to the Caribbean to labor on sugar plantations and in sugar production. The image depicts the beginning of this transition to enslaved African labor in the Caribbean.

Which of the following statements about the population of North America at the time of Christopher Columbus' voyages is supported by the map above?

The most densely populated regions of North America would eventually become part of New Spain.

The pattern depicted on the graph from 1450 to 1800 best serves as evidence of which of the following?

The replacement of indigenous labor and indentured servitude by enslaved Africans in New World colonies

Which of the following was a characteristic of colonial Pennsylvania?

There are no established church.

The second paragraph of the excerpt makes which of the following claims about the introduction to Europe of new crops from the Americas? Correct: They stimulated economies across Europe. Correct. The excerpt explains that the trade in goods produced in the Americas such as tobacco, coffee, and sugar contributed to economic prosperity in European countries engaged in colonialism.

They stimulated economies across Europe. The excerpt explains that the trade in goods produced in the Americas such as tobacco, coffee, and sugar contributed to economic prosperity in European countries engaged in colonialism.

By the end of the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of women in New England?

They were a majority in many church congregations.

"Brothers, We tell you that we seek not war, we ask nothing better than to be quiet, and it depends, Brothers, only on you English, to have peace with us. "We have not yet sold the lands we inhabit, [and] we wish to keep the possession of them. Our elders have been willing to tolerate you, brothers Englishmen, on the seaboard. . . . But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers. "[The governor of French Canada] who is here present has nothing to do with what we say to you; we speak to you of our own accord, and in the name of all our allies. . . . We are entirely free; we are allies of the King of France, from whom we have received the Faith and all sorts of assistance in our necessities; we love that Monarch, and we are strongly attached to his interests." Ateawanto, Abenaki Indian leader, speech delivered to a representative of the royal governor of Massachusetts at a treaty conference between the Abenaki of present-day Maine, the Iroquois Indians of present-day New York, the French, and the English, 1752 Which of the following was a main purpose of Ateawanto in his speech?

To protect his people's land from English colonizers Correct. Protecting his Abenanki land from English colonizers was a main purpose of Ateawanto's speech, as shown in the second paragraph of the excerpt where Ateawanto forcefully stated that the Abenaki would "not cede one single inch of the lands" they inhabited to the English.

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America?

To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions. English colonists came to North America seeking social mobility, economic opportunity, religious freedom, and improved living conditions from what they experienced in England.

In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

Were royal colonies

The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in

climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture The percentage of enslaved persons within the population was measurably higher in the lower South, where cultivation of labor-intensive crops like sugarcane and tobacco required a larger agricultural labor force.

By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

disdain for British constitutional monarchy