Unit 1 scientific foundation of psychology

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group what is the independent variable in this study? a-incidence of aggressive behavior b- a type of television program viewed c-sex of the children d-Number of groups e-duration of free play

B- type of television program viewed

Which of the following study demonstrates a cross-sectional research design? A- Testing the first graders, and testing them again when they are in third grade B-Testing first graders at the end of the school year C-Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year D-Observing first graders as they test in two different subject areas E-Observing first graders as they interact with either third graders or fifth graders

C-Testing first, third, and fifth graders at the beginning of the school year

2, 11, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5 What is the mode of the number set above? a- 2 b-3 c-4 d-5 e-9

a - 2

all of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT: a- Research may not involve deception b- participation must be voluntary c- participants must be informed of potential risks d-participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement e- participant's right to privacy must be protected

a- Research may not involve deception

Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that a- each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study b- an equal number of males and females are selected for interviews c- the study includes at least some respondents from every social class in town the d-the study will uncover widely differing social attitudes among the respondents e- the sample will be large enough even though some people may refuse to be interviewed.

a- each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group This research method is best characterized as : a-experimental b-correlational c-longitudinal d-naturalistic observation e-case study

a- expiermental

an illusory correlation is best defined as a- perceived relationship where one does not exist B- casual relationship c- correlation of 0 d- correlation of -1.0 3- correlation of +1.0

a- perceived relationship where on does not exist

in studying the behavior of five-year-old in the Freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's: a-problem solving strategies b- toy preference c-degree of cooperative behavior d-prosocial play activities e-choice of playmates

a-problem solving strategies

3 4 5 5 7 7 7 8 8 10 What is the mean for this data? a - 6 b- 6.4 c-7 d- 7.33 e- 7.5

b- 6.4

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean? a- 75 b-77 c-86 d-90 e-99

b-77

Clinical researchers are interested in gaining insight into the causes of abnormal behavior. one way that they doing do this is to delve deeply into the histories of paintings with a common diagnosis, interviewing family, friends, teachers, therapists, babysitters, and others hi can provide rich details about the patient's lives. then, researchers try to see if there are any common themes in the information gathered. What research method does this stragedy represent? a- expiernment b-quantitative analysis c-case study d- Quasi- expiernment e- Naturalistic observation

c- case study

Dorothea Dix was known for: a- becoming the first woman to be appointed president of the APA b-becoming the first woman to be granted a Ph.D. in psychology c-documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform d- being the first person to ever be called a psychologist e- conducting the Little Albert study alongside John Watson

c- documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform

in an expiernment to test the effect of hunger on aggressive behavior would be the a- placebo b-control c-hypothesis d-dependent variable e-independent variable

d- dependent variable

there is a strong positive correlation between ice cream sales and instances of snakebites. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this correlation? a- ice cream sales cause humans to become more attractive to snakes b- snakes bites cause humans to crave icecream c- ice cream saled lead to people being outside more, which can potentially lead to snakebites d- how weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity e- increased traffic due to ice cream trucks disturbs the snakes, causing them to attack

d- how weather is related to both ice cream sales and snake activity

in a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean a- it contains the bottom 50% of the distribution b-it contains the middle 50% of the distribution c- it contains the bottom 68% of distribution d-it contains the middle 68% of the distribution e- it is the same as the square of the average deviation

d- it contains the middle 68% of the distribution

An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social afflation due to a need for: a- achievement b-individualism c-behavioral change d- survival e- self- actualization

d- survival

Professor Ahad has 43 students in section 1 of the psychology Classe she teaches and 52 student in section 2. section 1 meets at 8 am and section 2 meets at 1 pm. professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those inspection two re significantly higher than those in section 1. professor Ahad concludes that her section 1 students are academically inferior to students in section 2. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that: a- she did not randomly assign the students to her classroom b- she needs an equal number of students in each class in order to draw companies c- there is no dependent variable in this scenario d- time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario e- she should have used the single-blind method

d- time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario

what is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present I. behaviorism II.psychoanalysis III. Structuralism IV. Humanism a- I,II,III,IV b-II,III,IV,I c-I,IV,III,II d-III,II,I,IV e-III,II,IV,I

d-III,II,I,IV

A researcher uses debriefing when he a - uses deception in a study b- has a study approved by the IRB c-has study approved by IAC and Use committee d- explains the purpose of a study before the study begins e- explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete

e- explains the true purpose of a study immediately after the study is complete

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group What is the dependent variable in this study? a-sex of the children b-duration of free play c-type of television program viewed d-Number of groups e-duration of free play

e- incidence of aggressive behavior

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly: a- failed to allow for experimenter bias b-identified the independent variable c-identified the dependent variable d-inferred correlation from causation e-inferred causation from correlation

e- inferred causation from correlation

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches? a- cognitive b-biological c-behavioral d- sociocultural e- psychodynamic

e- psychodynamic