Unit 1 Sociology Quizzes

Which of the following is not an example of a rite of passage?

a weekly religious service

Which of the following terms refers to a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort?

achieved status

Which of the following terms was used by Durkheim to refer to a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and of a sense of purpose in society?

anomie

Brenda is a housekeeper who is supposed to stand in the presence of her employers as a sign of respect. Given this information, it can be said that Brenda is required to show __________.

deference

Two researchers affiliated with different universities decided to study the Amish. The first researcher moved into an Amish community for six months and observed the behavior and activities of the residents of that community. The second researcher moved into an Amish community and lived there for four years, participating in the residents' daily lives during this period. In this context, unlike the first researcher, the second researcher conducted a(n) __________.

ethnographic study

Middle-income countries are nations with highly industrialized economies; technologically advanced industrial, administrative, and service occupations; and relatively high levels of national and personal income

false

Sociologist George Herbert Mead was one of the first scholars to note that a dual heritage creates conflict for people of color. He called this duality double-consciousness—the identity conflict of being both black and American

false

Throughout childhood and adolescence, boys and girls are typically assigned different household chores and given different privileges (such as how late they may stay out at night). This is an example of __________.

gender socialization

A sociologist who is conducting a study on the relationship between social media use and narcissism formulates the following statement: Regular use of social media increases narcissism among people. This statement is a(n) __________.

hypothesis

People engage in civil inattention in an elevator, regardless of where the elevator is located. This illustrates that meanings shared across situations serve to regulate the form and process of interaction, but not the content. Which of the following terms refers to this pattern?

interaction order

Which of the following terms refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds?

mechanical solidarity

Which of the following terms refers to strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that, if violated, may result in serious consequences within a particular culture?

mores

French philosopher Auguste Comte's belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry became known as _________

positivism

Both Karl Marx and Max Weber were in agreement that economic conditions played a role in producing inequality in society. However, Max Weber also suggested two other sources of social inequality and conflict. These sources are __________.

power and prestigue

Kevin, a sociologist, decides to study the relationship between stress and aggression. He develops a hypothesis and conducts an experiment with a group of participants to systematically gather data. After analyzing the results, Kevin concludes that there is a positive correlation between stress and violence. In this scenario, which of the following methods is Kevin using to test his hypothesis?

research

Which of the following terms refers to a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status?

role

According to Durkheim, social solidarity in industrialized societies is sustained by __________.

shared dependence established through division of labor

Which theorists emphasize that during infancy and early childhood, family support and guidance are crucial to a child's developing self-concept?

symbolic interactionists

Which of the following norms is so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and unmentionable and is punishable by the group or even, according to certain belief systems, by a supernatural force?

taboo

Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. Which perspective on socialization and society does this statement reflect?

the functionalists perspective

Which of the following perspectives on socialization asserts that we cannot form a sense of self without intense social contact with others?

the symbolic interactionist perspective

A society is composed of people, whereas a culture is composed of beliefs, values, symbols, norms, language, and material possessions.

true

A sociologist who believes that culture helps people achieve their biological, instrumental, and integrative needs is most likely to believe that shared values are essential for the maintenance of a society.

true

According to sociologist Max Weber, rational bureaucracy, rather than class struggle, is the most significant factor in determining the social relations between people in industrial societies.

true

An individual's perception about the meaning of a situation depends on his or her unique personal experiences. For example, unlike men, women often do not perceive street encounters to be routine rituals because of fear for their personal safety

true

As the number of one-parent families and families in which both parents work outside the home has increased dramatically, the number of children in daycare and preschool programs has also grown rapidly. This, combined with the increasing amount of time that students spend in educational settings, means that the importance of schools as agents of socialization has increased

true

Piaget suggested that some children move through the stages of cognitive development more quickly than others.

true

Roles are relational and are defined in the context of roles performed by others. For example, for an individual to perform the role of a mother, she must have one or more children

true

Which of following is most likely to be a criticism of the conflict perspective on culture?

. It largely focuses on societal discord and the divisiveness of culture

Which of the following statements best reflects the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Language shapes the view of reality of its speakers

Jocelyn successfully negotiates an important business contract with a major client. Jocelyn's boss congratulates her and promises her a significant pay raise. In the given scenario, which of the following does the pay raise exemplify?

a positive sanction

A young woman decides that she wants to become a professional basketball player. She joins her school's basketball team, reads articles about the world's best basketball players, and attends basketball camps. This scenario best illustrates __________.

anticipatory socialization

In 2008, Langhout and Mitchell investigated the "hidden curriculum" in a low-income elementary school and concluded that African American and Latino boys were disproportionately punished for violating rules when compared to their white and female counterparts. This example aligns with the views of __________ theorists.

conflict

According to Erving Goffman, social interaction can be compared to a theatrical presentation in that an individual is an actor, observers are audiences, and interactions are guided by social scripts. The study of social interaction in this context is referred to as __________.

dramaturgical analysis

The basis for Durkheim's theory of society is the belief that:

people are the products of their social environments

The sociological term for any physical or social attribute or sign that devalues a person's social identity and disqualifies that person from full social acceptance is __________.

stigma

A category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and/or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture is referred to as __________.

subculture

Signboards with skull and crossbones are used to represent danger and to warn people. In this context, the skull and the crossbones together constitute a _________

symbol

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective on socialization, four components make up our self-concept. Which of the following components is illustrated by the statement "I believe in world peace"?

the psychological self

Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter had been in use for many years before laws related to the privacy and ownership of user information came into effect. This demonstrates the concept of cultural lag

true