Unit 1 Test Review

What are the different aspects of Social Policy?

- Education - Healthcare - Entitlement Programs a. Social Security b. Medicare c. Medicaid

What are the factors of Political Socialization?

- Family: Family is the number 1 factor because it tends to influences people's political views the most, they tend to believe what their family does. - Religion: Believes what other people of their faith tend to believe. - Culture: Their background and what they've been through. - School - Peers

What are the attitudes and values of Americans?

- Individualism - Equality of Opportunity - Limited Government - Free Enterprise - Rule of Law

What are the three main political ideologies?

- Liberal - Moderate - Conservative

What are the steps of the policy making process?

1. Agenda Setting: Identify the problem. 2. Policy Formulation: Must formulate ideas to address the issue. 3. Policy Adoption: Must build support for the policy and legitimize the need for it in order to get it passed. 4. Policy Implementation: The policy must be put into place and enforced. 5. Policy Evaluation: The policy must be assessed to determine whether it has actually improved the original problem.

Liberalism definition

A group of people who believe government should be active on supporting political & social change; open to new behavior & ideas that are nontraditional; progressive.

QUIZ: Which of the following best describes an exit poll? A. A poll asks voters at randomly selected voting places whom they voted for so that election results can be predicted more quickly. B. A poll conducted by having a computer randomly select phone numbers from around the country. C. An opinion poll that is used to intentionally sway people's opinions by using false or misleading information in the conversation D. A poll that randomly samples a population to capture public opinion at a given time.

A. A poll asks voters at randomly selected voting places whom they voted for so that election results can be predicted more quickly.

Which of the following scenarios best reflects the process of political socialization? A. An individual takes a civics course in school and develops opinions about politics. B. Members of Congress increasingly vote the same way as other members of their party. C. A group is able to attract new members by offering access to a broad network of people. D. As media choices increase, individuals expand their media consumption to new sources.

A. An individual takes a civics course in school and develops opinions about politics.

QUIZ: In May of 2015, a federal appeals court ruled that the National Security Agency's collection of Americans' phone records was in violation of the USA PATRIOT Act. Which of the following core values are involved in the national debate regarding the surveillance program referred to in this scenario? A. Liberty versus stability and order B. Majority rule versus minority rights C. States' rights versus federal authority D. Common good versus freedom of expression

A. Liberty versus stability and order

QUIZ: A polling firm tried to predict the results of an election by sampling 1,000 adults within a state for 2 days prior to the election, using landline telephones of likely voters. After the election, the firm found that their poll results were not close to the actual election results. Which of the following recommendations would be the best for the firm to follow in the future? A. Sample people who have cell phones, in addition to those with landlines. B. Conduct the survey over a one-day period rather than two days C. Adjust the results if the sample includes more people from one party than another. D> Use an Internet-based poll that encourages people to vote online for their preferred candidate.

A. Sample people who have cell phones, in addition to those with landlines.

QUIZ: A media organization is interested in reporting election results in a congressional election prior to the final tally of votes which will not occur until later in the evening. The organization randomly selects several polling places across the district asking voters whom they voted for. The type of poll being used in this scenario is know as. A. an exit poll B. a benchmark poll C. an opinion poll D. a tracking poll

A. an exit poll

QUIZ: Which of the following public policies would Democrats be most likely to support? A. Authorizing additional funding for the military B. Securing a universal health care system C. Cutting the budget for foreign aid to other countries D. Withdrawing from international climate change agreements

B. Securing a universal health care system

QUIZ: Which of the following is most important for getting an accurate measure of public opinion in a survey? A. Survey only cell phone users. B. Selecting a random sample. C. Asking leading questions. D. Contacting only registered voters. E. Conducting the survey online.

B. Selecting a random sample.

QUIZ: When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will most likely A. identify with the opposing party B. identify with the parents' party C. have a low sense of political efficacy D. become independent rather than a party identifier E. become alienated from the political system

B. identify with the parents' party

QUIZ: Which of the following is the best example of the core value of limited government? A. Interest groups lobbying the government to influence legislation on a particular issue. B. The media covering a confirmation hearing for a potential supreme court justice C. Citizens voting to elect a new member of the United States Congress D. The United States Constitution delegating specific powers to Congress

C. Citizens voting to elect a new member of the United States Congress.

QUIZ: Which of the following in NOT a core value of United States political culture? A. Legal equality B. Political equality C. Economic equality D. Freedom of religion E. Freedom of speech

C. Economic equality

QUIZ: A person loses his job and refuses to accept any government assistance to get back on his feet, instead relying on savings and seeking a new job immediately. Which of the following values would this person most relate to? A. Rule of law B. Free enterprise C. Individualism D. Equality of opportunity

C. Individualism

QUIZ: Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support? A. Implementig new standards to reduce pollution B. Instituting paid maternity and paternity leave C. Opening public lands for ranching and oil exploration D. Raising the national minimum wage to $15 an hour

C. Opening public lands for ranching and oil exploration

QUIZ: Which of the following political parties would be most likely to oppose reduced sentencing for nonviolent felony offenders? A. The Green Party B. The Libertarian Party C. The Republican Party D. The Democratic Party

C. The Republican Party

QUIZ: An important change in political culture since 1950 is that United States citizens have become A. more likely to believe that their actions can influence government policy B. more trusting of nongovernmental institutions and leaders C. less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders D. less supportive of school integration E. less likely to think of themselves as ideologically moderate

C. less trusting of governmental institutions and leaders.

Fiscal Policy taxes and spending

Changes in taxes affect the average consumers income, and as a result could influence economic output.

QUIZ: On November 2, 2014, a Gallup poll reported that 51% of Americans support legalizing marijuana, while 47% oppose legalization. The reported margin of sampling error was +/- 4%. Which of the following inferences can be made from the poll? A. More people support marijuana legalization than oppose it. B. More states are passing laws in support of marijuana legalization. C. A majority of people under 35 years of age support legalizing marijuana. D. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it.

D. It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it.

QUIZ: In a public opinion poll, a polling company used an online survey tool to randomly contact respondants who did not have telephone lines in addition to contacting people over the phone. Which of the following best explains this decision? A. The company saved money because it did not need to hire as many telephone interviewers to conduct the poll. B. The company was establishing a benchmark poll at the beginning of the campaign C. The company was interested in asking different questions to different individuals D. The company wanted to ensure that the sample of the population was truly random.

D. The company wanted to ensure that the sample of the population was truly random.

QUIZ: All of the following are traditional political values held by most Americans EXCEPT A. individual freedom B. representative democracy C. equality of opportunity D. equality of outcome E. due process of law

D. equality of outcome

QUIZ: Political socialization is the process by which A. the use of private property is regulated by the government. B. governments communicate with each other C. public attitudes toward the government are measured and reported D. political values are passed to the next generation E. children are trained for successful occupations

D. political values are passed to the next generation

Definition, explanation, and examples of Equality of Opportunity

Definition: Each person is guaranteed the chance of success. Explanation: Leveling the playing field so each person has an equal shot at becoming successful. Examples: All Americans should have access to the necessary high school level diploma to be successful.

Definition, explanation, and examples of Rule of Law

Definition: Government is based on a set of laws that everyone must follow. No one is above the law. Explanation: all people, institutions, and entities must obey the law. Examples: Freedom of Info Act.

Definition, explanation, and examples of Free Enterprise System

Definition: Limited government involvement. Explanation: Market determines prices, products and services rather than the government. Examples: The United States and Singapore.

Definition, explanation, and examples of Limited Government

Definition: The government is restrained in their lawful. use of power in order to protect individual rights. Explanation: Governments power is restricted through delegated authorities. Example: Checks and balances.

Definition, explanation, and examples of Individualism

Definition: The idea that each person has significance, worth, & rights separate from the government. Explanation: The moral that is held by many democracies that people are independent. Examples: Supporting yourself financially, government allowing its citizens to be responsible for their own retirement rather than relying on social security.

What political party tends to adopt the Liberal Ideology?

Democrats

QUIZ: Party identification in the United States is most successfully transmitted by which of the following? A. Workplace B. Church C. Educational system D. The media E. Family

E. Family

What is the Conservative viewpoint on education?

Emphasizes state control over education, many would prefer a school choice (voucher system) program.

What is the Liberal viewpoint on education?

Liberals emphasize federal funding for education, focus on improving public schools.

What is the Liberal viewpoint on Defense? Environment?

Liberals support a strong military, but usually less involvement in foreign conflicts. Regarding environment, they have a greater emphasis on environmental legislation and regulation.

What political ideology do most Americans fall into?

Moderate with a lean to the left (Liberal) or right (Conservative)

National debt vs national deficit

National deficit is the difference between what the government spends and what it takes in. National debt is the result of the federal government borrowing money to cover years of national deficit.

What is the Conservative viewpoint on taxes?

Prefers lower taxation, smaller government. Most would advocate a flat tax on all people rather than our current progressive tax.

What does Social Policy consist of?

Programs that seek to do atleast 3 things.

Progressive vs proportional tax

Progressive tax takes a larger percentage from high-income groups while proportional tax takes the same percentage of income from all income groups.

How do interest rates help balance the economy?

Raise interest rates a lot can prevent people from buying big ticket items, lowering interest rates can encourage people to buy big ticket items.

What political party tends to adopt the Conservative Ideology?

Republicans

What is the Liberal viewpoint on taxes?

Tends to believe taxes should be based on ability to pay (higher for wealthy) and usually ok with higher taxes in order to finance more government programs and services.

Who is the Federal Reserve?

The central bank of the U.S. They oversee the money supply and monetary policy.

What is the Conservative viewpoint on healthcare?

They believe healthcare should be regulated by free market and oppose the liberal idea of universal healthcare.

What is the Liberal viewpoint on healthcare?

They believe that healthcare is an equal right of all people, wants universal healthcare.

What is the Liberal viewpoint on economy?

They have the tendency to oppose government intervention in the free market when it inhibits free trade and open competition.

What is the Conservative viewpoint on Defense? Environment?

They support a strong military, usually supports more involvement in foreign conflicts, higher military budget. Regarding environment, it is not a big priority to them, especially if it requires more regulation and expense.

Conservatism definition

Those who favor traditional views & values in government & society & who are cautious regarding change; proponent of limited government & private property.

What are 3 goals of Social Policy?

To protect against risk & insecurity, promote equal opportunity, and attempt to assist the poor.

What is the Conservative viewpoint on economy?

Wants less government involvement, lower taxes, aligns more with Supply Side economics (laissez faire).

What are the basics of the monetary policy?

management of money supply and interest rates, aimed at macroeconomic objectives (controlling inflation, consumption, growth, and liquidity)

What is Fiscal Policy?

the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy