Unit 10

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

The great 1960 Chile earthquake (M 9.5) unleashed a tsunami that killed over 1,000 Chileans. These waves also killed 61 people in Hilo, Hawaii, 14 hours after the earthquake, and another 185 people in ________, 22.5 hours after the earthquake.

Japan

Evidence demonstrating that the crater in Arizona formed by meteorite impact includes all but which of the following?

A 550-ton spherical piece of nickel-iron metallic meteorite was found in the bottom of the crater

In 1883, this volcano exploded and the resulting tsunami killed 36,000 people on Java and Sumatra.

Krakatau

The Sun's energy heats all parts of the Earth equally.

False

There is little threat of a tsunami striking the east coast of the United States.

False

In 1883, Edvard Munch created his famous painting The Scream after witnessing a blood red sky over Oslo, Norway, caused by the eruption of _________.

Krakatau Volcano, Indonesia

Estimating the magnitude of the K/T boundary impact earthquake can be done by scaling up from the energy released in nuclear explosions, leading to an estimate of a K/T impact earthquake of magnitude 11.3.

True

Pyroclastic flows can travel across bodies of water.

True

The major types of meteorites are either "irons" (metallic) or "stones" (rocky).

True

The most famous of the comets is the one carrying Edmund Halley's name, the man who calculated its orbit in 1682 and predicted its return to the inner solar system.

True

The outer planets lie at great distances from the Sun, and are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gas surrounding rocky cores (except for Pluto); they commonly are orbited by icy moons and rings of icy debris with compositions of water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4).

True

In 1973 the town of Vestmannaeyjar on the island of Heimaey (off the coast of Iceland), was devastated by pyroclastic flows which completely filled and closed the town's harbor.

false

In the last 30 million years, the region between the eastern Sierra Nevada in California and the Wasatch Mountain front in central Utah has contracted in an east-west direction, so Nevada is now half of its former width.

false

The 1-cm-thick clay layer that marks the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary has a high percentage of the element ________ in the clay layer, an enrichment about 300 times greater than the normal abundance.

iridium

In 1994, the comet Shoemaker-Levy crashed with spectacular results into _____________.

jupiter

Glass is opaque to _________ radiation.

long-wavelength

The presence of water ________ the melting point of rock.

lowers

Another class of active faults is created by southern California pushing into the "Big Bend" of the San Andreas fault. These faults are __________________.

mostly east-west-oriented thrust faults (reverse faults)

We know that the part of California on the Pacific plate will not break off in a giant earthquake and sink into the Pacific Ocean because ______________________.

of isostasy

When a meteorite large enough to cause a crater hits the Earth, the size of the impact crater is ________________.

perhaps 10-20 times the diameter of the meteorite

Likely effects of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary impact include all but which of the following?

significant long-term cooling in the oceans but warming in continental areas

Some of Earth's most beautiful mountains are ________, including Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Mt. Shasta in California, Mt. Rainier in Washington, and Mt. Fuji in Japan.

stratovolcanoes

The solar wind is ___________________.

the stream of subatomic particles flying outward from the Sun

The large left step in the San Andreas fault in the Los Angeles area causes compressive ruptures along east-west-oriented ________ faults as in the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge events.

thrust

A comet may travel 100,000 astronomical units away during its orbit (an astronomical unit is 93 million miles, the distance between Earth and Sun).

true

Basaltic magma has the lowest viscosity, so more of it reaches the surface; the more viscous rhyolitic magmas are so sluggish that they tend to be trapped deep below the surface where they cool, solidify, and grow into the larger mineral crystals of plutonic rocks.

true

Geologists have shown that the east coast of the United States faces a serious tsunami threat from ________.

volcanic flank collapse in the Canary Islands

Which state accounts for the greatest percentage of all U.S. earthquakes of magnitude 3.5 and above?

Alaska

Asteroids lie mostly __________________.

Both between Mars and Jupiter and between the inner and outer planets are correct

During the 1990's, hundreds of trees were killed at Mammoth Mountain, California, by the diffuse emission of _________ gas.

CO2

A major comet or meteorite impact occurred in Mexico at the time boundary between the _______________.

Cretaceous and Tertiary

Hot spots occur only under oceanic plates.

False

Asteroids are distinguished from meteorites by their composition.

False

During the summer of 1783, the greatest lava eruption of historic times poured forth at _________, accompanied by the release of an enormous volume of gases that enshrouded much of northern Europe in a "dry fog" or blue haze rich in SO2 (one of the visible components of today's urban smog).

Laki, Iceland

In 1959, the water stored behind Hegben Lake Dam in Montana began to slosh violently back and forth in a series of oscillating waves. These seiches were caused by __________________.

a sudden drop of the lake bottom during an earthquake

The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth's cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as ______________.

albedo

The 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake in Los Angeles was generated on a _______ thrust fault.

blind

Halley's comet contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) in ratios similar to that in the human body.

true

Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of high-velocity winds that flow from west to east at high altitudes.

true

Space debris that collides with the Earth comes primarily from fragmented asteroids and secondarily from comets.

true


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

Give combining forms for the following meanings:

View Set

Chapter 18 - The Circulatory System: Blood

View Set

Determine which of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system

View Set

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs

View Set

Chapter 15: Assessing the Head and Neck

View Set

Physical Science Lecture assignment 15/16

View Set