Unit 2: apes review

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

After the volcanic eruption, pioneer species colonized the area and the ecosystem began to undergo succession.

The largest area of old-growth forest in the United States is located in

Alaska

Which of the following world regions contain the greatest area of rain forest?

Brazil and Indonesia

Exemplified by moss growing on a tree trunk in a forest

Commensalism

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?

Deer

This biome contains plants that are adapted to prevent water loss due to the low average rainfall and high temperatures year-round.

Desert

Decreased by the breakdown of organic waste

Dissolved oxygen

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity

E- South America

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?

Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.

A North Carolina timber company proposes to clear-cut 45 hectares of oak-hickory deciduous forest in the Appalachian Mountains. The company has said that the forest will regrow naturally, and 50 years after the clear-cutting the company plans to harvest again, cutting all the oaks and hickories that have at least a 40-centimeter diameter. A local citizens' group claims that this is not a realistic plan. Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim of the citizens' group?

Oak and hickory are late-successional species; pioneer species will dominate for many decades before the oaks and hickories are reestablished.

In a typical forest ecosystem, dead trees and fallen trees are most important because of their role in which of the following?

Providing habitats for wildlife

Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following best describes how ecologists could determine when this ecosystem is approaching a climax community?

Record the number and type of producers present every year after the eruption

Country with the largest area of boreal forests

Russia

This biome is characterized by long dry seasons and is dominated by grasses, shrubs, and grazing animals.

Savanna

Which of the following is the best example of a keystone species?

Sea otter

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common?

Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth.

Which tree species grows best with full sunlight?

Sweet gum

Which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rain forests?

Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients.

Which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rain forests?

They are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed.

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

The graph below shows the results obtained when two species of Paramecium were grown together in the same medium. The graph above best exemplifies

competitive exclusion

In Mediterranean climate regions like portions of California, a wetter-than-normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This seeming paradox occurs because increased rain leads to

greater accumulation of chapparal biomass

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following energy efficiencies, expressed percentages. (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1% Approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis

1%

At which time after clear-cutting does the ecosystem exhibit the greatest species richness?

100 years

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150kcal

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.