Unit 2 Cell Parts and structures

Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP

A (mitochondria)

An investigator wants to understand whether a newly found membrane protein is involved in membrane transport of a certain particle. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?

Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the particle movement

Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. which of the following statements is justified by these observations?

An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells

Which of the following best describes the numbered areas?

Areas 1 and 3 are polar, since the membrane molecules are aligned with water molecules.

Evolved from a photoautrophic prokaryote

B- Chloroplasts

Site of glucose synthesis

B- Chloroplasts

Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell

C (Golgi Apparatus)

An experiment is set up in which plan cells with mutated (nonfunctional) aquaporins and plant cells normally functioning aquaporins are both placed in distilled water. Which of the following data would support the alternative hypothesis?

Cells with mutated aquaporins exhibit moderate turgor pressure and are hypertonic

Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell

D- Cell membrane

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both:

Depend on a concentration gradient

All eukaryotic cells contain at least on Golgi complex, typically located in the cytoplasm and near the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes a process that occurs within the Golgi complex?

Enzymatic modification of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins

Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryotic organisms have over prokaryotic organisms?

Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.

Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

Golgi Apparatus

Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having ATP available to supply energy to this process?

H+ Ions will stop moving through the protein

Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place. (A cell membrane is shown)

Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.

all of the following cell components are found in prokaryotic cells EXCEPT:

Nuclear envelope

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.

Which of the following statements best explains the process of passive and active transport?

Passive transport is the net movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substance up a concentration gradient that requires energy.

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?

Plasma membrane

Synthesized at the ribosome

Proteins

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?

Ribosomes

Which of the following functional differences between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is explained by the structural differences between them?

Rough ER can synthesize and package proteins for export and the smooth ER cannot.

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living prokaryotic cells?

Some organelles contain their own DNA that is more similar to prokaryotic DNA in structure and function than to the eukaryotic DNA found in a cell's nucleus.

A spherical bacterial cell has a radius of 3 micrometers. The human egg cell has a radius of 100 micrometers. Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation?

The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface-to-volume ratio

Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?

The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.

Recessive disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia often have severe respiratory problems due to defective cilia. Which of the following likely explains the effect of the recessive allele?

The cells do not produce functional motor proteins in flagella and cilia.

Intravenous (IV) solutions administered to patients are normally isotonic. Which of the following is the most likely if an IV of distilled water is administered to a patient?

The cells that are exposed to hypotonic solutions will expand as water moves osomtically into the cells from the blood

Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmoloarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data.

The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

Which of the following is true about the drug, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the new drug will exhibit simple diffusion across the plasma membrane? The drug is incapable of freely passing across the plasma membrane and requires the help of membrane proteins to enter cells.

The drug is a small non polar molecule

Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospholipid molecules in this model.

The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and external environments.

Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of ion pump function in the cell's lysosomes?

The internal pH of the lysosomes will increase, which will prevent the activation of hydrolytic enzymes and interfere with the intracellular digestion of food

A bag mixed with 3% starch and 3% glucose was placed in a beaker of distilled water as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in water outside the bag, but starch cannot. Which of the following is a logical conclusion?

The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.

In an experiment, cells were isolated from an aquatic plant and suspended in pond water, a sucrose sugar solution, or distilled water. Compared with the cell in the pond water, the cell in the sugar solution appeared shriveled, and the cell in the distilled water appeared inflated. Which of the following statements best explains the observations represented?

There was a net movement of water out of the cell suspended in the sugar solution and a net movement of water into the cell suspended in the distilled water.

Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

They have highly folded membranes

Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?

to synthesize an isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell.