Unit 2 psychology
What percentage do you have if you can do both hard and easy things?
99%
What is point of resistance?
Don't want to change. Failure to change. Back to the unstructured state
Principle Cause=
how you think about it?
Bedrock
starting point
Rotten people=
!CONSISTENTLY! HURTING OTHERS
what will the unconscious mind do in order to make transference work in therapy?
"I won't tell you exactly what my unconscious it, but I will act it out." Person talks about things in that happen to them in their life. and the therapist tries to pick up on the ways people treat you and Vice versa.
Who does Dr. W pick for research and why? (Prediction Possible and Controlled Desirable) EXAMPLE
(Prediction Possible
REBT stands for
(Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy)
Who does primary reinforcers work for?
-are reinforcing for anyone
Common Reactions to trauma
-hyper arousal -hyper vigilance
The "Unhappy" dominos tip (automatic thinking)
-harmful irrational behavior -once you have a scheme of something it gets tipped by all the others.-event, inference and evaluation
Example of Automated Thinking
- 1000 college students (were paid) squeezed into one big room. Had to watch a 15 minute video of just country roads, cows, trees, horses, corn, and soybeans. -a week later they came back to the experiment and were asked to write down everything they remember seeing in the video last week. 88% of students put down red barn. There was no red barn in the video, but they had the scheme that all farms and country roads have red barns.
Example of Patient in reflective therapy
- 19 year old kid 'looks at ground' comfortable with therapist now. Ready to say it. -says I sometimes wet my bed. "looks up at therapist eyes" to see signs of judgement -Larry the therapist responds with reflective therapy and says so that really bothers you
Two way street smoking example
- 4 years ago teaching a summer class. A 25 year old student in the class makes a C in class. Comes back to Dr. W to tell him that he had a problem smoking, but after hearing the lecture on a 2 way street he decided okay I'll stop for one day and see how that goes. and the behavior grew into motivation and he had stopped smoking for 2 and 1/2 months when he came to Dr.W.
Example of TOUGH AND CHANGE RULER
- Class project to make a paper. One groupd gets an A. 2 groups get a C. Dr. W gives them a chance to redo(2) after he gives them corrections. -One of the C groups improve there paper and gets an A.(1) Other group with C just stays mad the rest of the semester and doesn't change.
Example 2nd Sword of (point of resistance) "DISTRACTION LOOP" DAD
- I want my dad to stop smoking, start eating healthy, and working out. So I bought him a membership to the gym. I found out he only goes once or twice a month. So i confront and say something to him. But he say look theirs a giraffe out the window. Tries to divert the attention away from himself
Example Point of Resistance Shield 3rd "Emotional"
- Lady came to Dr. W she was apart of Mensa(high IQ Society) However had bad relationships with people she cared about like children and husband. The relationships were bad because she was so controlling. She thought if she cared about them and want to prevent them from hurting you.. You have to be controlling. She got sick and died. Her husband said the best part of their marriage was the last 2 weeks because she was nice to him. She told him the only reason I was so controlling was because I cared and I didn't want you to hurt me. She was scared to change "her controlling ways" because she thought it would hurt her.
Common Core Beliefs "I and others"
- Must be Perfect"
3 things about Distraction Loop
- Problems that if solved will NOT solve the major problem -They involve the attribution of responsibility to OTHER PEOPLE and OTHER THINGS. -They let us use our favorite N.D.L (Negative Dominance Loop)
The Objective Alternative
- Studying the Mind-Brain -Studying Observable behavior (Ockam's Razor)
Example of Albert Ellis "laws of causality do not apply"
- You walk up and key a car. What cause the scratch in the car? Well, you running the key down the side of the car. -Same idea. How did you make a basket? You Shot it into the hoop
What is the point of the term "Flushing out the Iguana"?
- it is scary to get out of the core (home of unconscious patterns) -core is heavily surrounded by the emotional force field
Analogy of Point of Resistance Swords
- little guy pocking you with sword -trying to give you a good reason to stop trying
Continuous Example
-!Every time you get a break! between you 8 and 9 am class you go get a 1 dollar pop.
Reframe (fighting Irrat. Self Talk) Described
-"How else can you look at this situation? How can you "change the picture"? -looking at something differently
Identify the outrageous slings and arrows of Self Talk: (<oh look a hamlet references)
-"I am a loser" -"I'll never find a job this good." -"I have ruined and destroyed my family." -"They all hate me. I must be a bad person."
Self talk sayings that are all irrational
-"I have destroyed my family." -"I'll never get a job this good again." -"I'm a loser." -"Others think badly of me."
Example of Slogans
-"It's the Pepsi Generation." -"Things go better with coke"
What is the statement for responding to done deal?
-"can't make up for it"
The Good Life (Doing what is right) realized -B.f Skinner
-"my theory will tell you how to do (it)" -"I can make your life better." -"Subjectivity will not help out your well being" -"Subjectivity doesn't give us a good life" -him and his theory want you to believe things are objective.
Hyper Arousal
-(a state of increased psychological and physiological tension marked by such effects as reduced pain tolerance, anxiety, exaggerated startle responses, insomnia, fatigue, and accentuation of personality traits.) -"I'll just panic my way around and in the situation."
Behavior Modification FORGIVENESS
-(not uncommon)-their is someone you don't have a good relationship with, but would like to. -you want to be friends with someone but they had not been treating you very nicely -fix it by asking them a favor? -play act like you are ready to forgive them say it in alone time
Light Bulb applied to people EXAMPLE --what if we fix person like a light bulb?
-(person) irresponsible or lazy -what if we fix person like a light bulb? -Ex: Student that has Bob Knight as a Basket Ball Coach at Texas Tech. But had previous coaches, and asked why Knight was different? -one day student had skipped class. Then went to practice unaware that his coach made it to where he was notified when a student skipped class. -Dr. Knight confronts student you skipped b/c you were tired.. well did you rest yes. Okay be at my office 5 am tomorrow. -you will run wind sprints as fast as you can for an hour. If not fast enough you have to restart. -Student did it. -now if you skip class again.. it will be worse.
Example of Secondary Reinforcement
-100 dollar bill can't eat it. Can't have sex with it. 100 dollars if you go 24 hours w/o eating. -Getting an A (95%) on a test. -If some you really value, praises you.
Example of Does deal with Harmful emotion and Cogitations
-18 year old just out of high school. She was very pretty. Made great grades. Had a great singing voice. Head of the dance team. Loved by a lot of people. She was perfect and her boyfriend Joe was perfect. Everyone thought she had great poise and confidence. But really she was MOST ANXIOUS PERSON EVER. Boyfriend and her go to different colleges. Boyfriend say we should date around...Makes girl think she is not good enough.
Budusit Tradition
-idea that person needs to help them-self
General Skills for a Good life (hard) EXAMPLE
-1st semester of grad school -Dr. W has a teacher that has no exams and relies the whole class on just 3 papers. This was good news to Dr.W (he was good at writing papers) -His professor gives them their papers back in individual meetings in his office. Only on the first paper will he make corrections and allow you to redo it. -Dr.W gets his paper back tons of red marks and a D- Shocked -Proffesor gave him it and said make these corrections to get better grade. Dr.W "that's hard" Proffesor "yes" -meaning the professor believes Dr.W can do it
Alfred Adler Psychology "As If" Example
-50 year old lady doesn't need to be the smartest or the most story telling of the class because she no longer pretty. But that's what she thinks and lives.
Alfred Alder Life Goal-Life Style Example
-50 year old lady use to always be the prettiest in the room. Now that she is 50 it's not true anymore. So she has to be the smartest in the room. Interrupts class often by telling stories. And Dr. W has to say you can't share every class and waste my lecture time. She hated this because that's how she felt wanted to be superior
Knowledge of Human in Ancient Greece
-65 percent of human (blank) during this time
Often has positive impact via few instances EXAMPLE
-A friend of Dr.W named Joe smoked for 30 years. Dr. W told him he should really stop and he would get mad. -Then one day he got throat cancer. Went to KU they said he will lose his voice. So he went to the Mayo Clinic where he could keep his voice. Here they had to do a radiation therapy that had to have a mask that he wore, so he wouldn't move. -the mask and being shot with radiation scared him. I guess I am going to die. If i can not do this mask thing. The doctor told him to go home prepare and come back Monday for 3 to 6 week treatment. -one hour and 30 min of Dr. W behavioral therapy cause him to go from 100 % scared to go back to 20% scared. He was finally able to go back and finish treatment to save his life. He had no choice, and behavioral therapy saved him.
Initiating Cause Example
-A guy asks a girl out.. She says no to him. That's what happened.
EXAMPLE Goal Elict-Change Talk
-A guy smokes 3 packs and day and drinks 5/7 days of the week. Sad life. Ask him, how are you going to change? -Why don't you smoke and drink more?- Well i am not trying to commit suicide they say..acknowledging change process
Common Core Beliefs "I and Others- Must be Perfect" EXAMPLE
-A guy want to get married and have kids. But he wants the perfect wife. 10 point scale. Beauty: 9 or 10. Athletic: 8. Smart: 10. He had a better chance getting struck by lightening than finding that. even if he did does she like him or is she single?
Example of Self Conflicted with others:
-A lady that was always considered attractive. Now in her 60s walks down the side walk and feels invisible. No one notices me anymore like they use too.
Ockam's Razor (Studying and observing behavior)
-A man cuts away at hairs that he doesn't want in the morning to look better. Saw it that one should observe behaviors before Skinner did. -He believed that you should cut away things that are not observable to you. That way you can see the real truth. DISREGARD THINGS THAT ARE NOT OBSERVABLE.
Irrational and Harmful Behaviors consequences: EXAMPLES
-A middle age man married and has kids. He loses his job. Beyond upset about it. "That's it I'm a loser."Doesn't look for a new job. Kills himself and hurt family even more than him not having a job. -Dr. W knew a girl that was dating a guy in college. One day the guy stop talking to the girl. He had found another girl to date. She get so upset. Stops washing her hair and wears no makeup. Wore the same clothes with stains. No wonder guys didn't want her after that one guy broke up with her. Much worse than it needed to be.
Example of 1st sword (point of resistance) "SAFETY VALVE"
-A very smart scientist professor, Dr.Jones, 50 yo gets an annual physical. Bad results on all of his test come back. Doctor tells him I've been telling you to stop smoking, eat better, and work out. You should have started yesterday may only have a year left to live. A friend asked, "are you okay? what are you gonna do?" Dr.Jones: I'm signing up for COED volleyball one hour a week... Now he didn't stop smoking or start eating better. He made a very little change(just a slight change), but didn't help died in 6 months.
The Nature of Humans: What person and group covered the meaning of it?
-Albert Ellis -Stoics
Intelligence is No Defense: Described
-Anyone is smart enough to see that, but not ourselves(in our lives) -uses negative reinforcement to avoid a situation that shouldn't necessarily be avoided.
EXAMPLE of Underlying Basis- Habitation
-Apartment of people live right next to a very loud train. First couple of days can't sleep. After 2 weeks. They are use to it. -Clock that Dings on the every hour from Germany woke up Dr.Q for a week. Tried to move it each night. one night forgot to move it and slept right throw it. Next week he slept through it again. Use to it.
B meaning in ABC model
-Belief system
Example of Variable Interval
-Boss only pays you after your 8 hour shift. You are paid hourly.
Sword of POR "Creative Loop"
-Breaks out of Negative dominance loop and then goes back to the Unstructured State. Because you came up with an idea that didn't work.
How to consider a person a rotten person?
-CONSISTENTLY -someone who consistently hurts themselves and you -they do hurtful things to other people
Why didn't Skinner "study the mind/ brain"?
-Can't see or hold the brain. -Like a black box that cannot be opened. -he believed if you want to be an objective person, you should study/ OBSERVE BEHAVIORS
Alfred Alder Self in Conflict with Others TERMS
-Childhood Inferiority -Life Goal-life style -Psychology "AS IF" -Overcompinsation
Examples of Albert Ellis's beliefs on Irrational
-College student just started working on a paper the night before it is due. It is 2 am and he realizes he is not going to get it done. So he picks up his computer and throws it on the ground. -Guy is mad about something, so he starts hitting things.
Hard means
-you can do it, but it's going to hurt you -very difficult
Under CBT... Sees person as powerful-capable (with guidance) of helping self ExAMPLE
-Commercial shows a girl that had a boyfriend that just broke up with her. she starts by writing a letter saying I hate you. You will never ever be happy. She throws it away. 2nd letter Joe your happiness is better. So I am happy. Last one the best one I wish you the best. That's that. Doesn't fix it, but it is a better way of thinking
Sessions 4-9
-Conduct Imaginal Exposure -Discuss or Implement IN VIVO Exposure
C meaning in ABC model
-Consequences
When 5 rats are trained to pull the leaver for food, that extinction behavior. But now no matter how many times it pulls the letter it won't work. Which rat will stop pulling it?
-Continuous rat
Example of Responding to a weak person
-Couple Dating for 2 years. About to get married. -At a New Years Party and kisses some other guy. -Boyfriend: Why would you do that? -GF: Idk -it won't leave his mind and will always bug him -GF: maybe too many beers. -So beers make you unfaithful -Guy can either 1 look for the perfect excuse or 2 just forgive her
DR WILLIAMS IS WHAT TYPE OF THERAPIST
-DIRECT THERAPIST
Ockum and SKinner believed
-DISREGARD THINGS THAT ARE NOT OBSERVABLE. -focus on peoples behavior and not what they say
Irrational and Harmful emotion consequences: People feel?
-Devastated
Examples of Reality Testing
-Doesn't want to workout. Tries working out for 5 minutes and keeps doing it for another hour. Motivated. -Doesn't want to study tries doing it for 5 minutes. Continues doing it for 3 hours. Motivated.
Secret to life: Good, Lucky, or Tough? EXAMPLE (SLOGAN)
-Dr W dad plays with him. (His (Blank) was: Rather be lucky than Good.
Example that is HARD
-Dr says you have the HBGBS Bob. -You will die in 30 days. *as he's walking out* -Dr wait there's a cure.. must push a peanut from maple to plaza with nose -beats dying and will be hard but you can do it
Example of Hyper Vigilance
-Dr. W afraid of flying. On flight women right behind him screams and lays head on husbands lap. She scared Dr. W more. -Scared to talk to girls. Guy says hi to girl. Girl say hi back and scratches her ear. Boy thinks oh she scratched her ear. She must think I'm so boring. little things make you over think
Example with mixture of self talk and irrational and harmful behavior consequences:
-Dr. W counseled a lady that had her PHD in counseling psychology. Very smart and pretty lady, but had a long past of long term relationships that did not work out. B/c the guy would leave her. And then she met a guy that she was engage to and the wedding was less than a month away. And the boyfriend had a friend that was unable to get a hotel for one of the 4 nights and needed a place to stay that one night. Girlfriend thought her boyfriend betray her, because she was already stressed about the wedding and the guy on the couch was going to stress her more. She got really upset and threw a lamp at him. She was like you knew I was planning this wedding..
EXAMPLE of "Goal's of Objective Study" (Prediction Possible and Control Desirable)
-Dr. W has a game that he invented. Needs to hold a play study. Tells people not to say they will come if they don't come. He had one guy that flaked on him 2 or 3 times. So he controlled it by not inviting him anymore. Therefore his possible predictions won't get messed up by the lack of members in the study.
Example of Feedback
-Dr. W playing tennis with a pro. Dr. W's wants to make it less boring for them, but then they hit the shot that Dr.W has missed every time for 10 years. -The pro said to him "Try stopping first mate" Made Dr.W realize what he was doing wrong so he could fix it. -Instead of keeping running for the hit to just stop.
Common Core Belief "Must be Loved By All" EXAMPLE
-Dr. W teaching first couple of weeks great. He likes the students and they like him. Then one day he was teaching a difficult concept and gave an example. The example confused everyone. It bummed him out as he went to get coffee. Didn't feel appreciated...
Counter-Transference Example
-Dr.W counseling a lady that was attracted to him. He didn't realize until his supervisor brought it up. -Next ses he asked her "Have you ever found yourself attracted to me?" *Dr.W takes big loud glup* -she sighed and said yes. Dr.W"okay we need to talk about it" -5 girls in his office review the tap and hear the loud gulp and make fun of Dr.W -his revenge was 89 year old Bill that thinks he knows what women want.. Calls them Broads(old fashion b-words) in every other sentence..all they want when they want - when tape done women tried to be professionally and control anger. Dr.W turn around to co-worker and said "what do you broads think?" All of them laugh
Example of Unfair life
-Dr.W does an Experiment. Everyone put your name in box(if you want to) -draws name (joey) you will lose one point on first exam -not fair, spends 20 hour anxiety, going to chairman and dean. Shouldn't worry about it only one point -one extra hour of studying will do the trick and you won't waste 20 hours worrying -don't waste your time worrying about things that you can't do anythings about.
Another Example of Reframing "Blind Friend"
-Dr.W had a friend that was a psychologist named (Jack) -Jack couldn't see out of one eye. And coudl barely see with the other -Always battled going to get medical procedures. -Johns Hopkins came up with a way that could either his one bad eye or just not help it at all. -gets the procedure done, then goes blind in other eye -Regular people: Think oh this is horrible. I hate life. -Jack: saw it as.. I have a wonderful wife and children. Therefore, I am happy. I could be miserable of be happy about the things in my life. -he would joke about i when he got his food and started eating with out others (blind)
Example of Point of Resistance Shield 1st "Awareness"
-Dr.W had a girl in class great student, took great notes, but looked hard. Got kicked out of high school 3X for fighting. Poor parents. 1 or 2 marriages. Single mom.Tried to change life studied hard made A's in all classes of Dr.W. One time in new class showed up for 2 weeks took perfect note. Next 2 week no show. Comes in 2 weeks later to Dr. W say I have no car my boyfriend stole it, but promised he wouldn't. She could have got a new car and still had the same problem. The problem was the bad relationships with men she would get in too. She never could identify her own problem.
Taking the "High" road-The happy and Bountiful path: ALSO A BUDUSIT TRADITION THERAPY Example
-Dr.W has a physical therapist that is very smart. When Dr. W gets hurt he goes to him and works hard to make it better. Physical Therapist tells him to do x,y,z. So he does all of x, all of y, and all of z.Trying to make himself better.
Example of Transference (bad controlling relationships)
-Dr.W in grad school did therapy sessions for free (that were supervised and got feed back) -1st lady he counseled was a lady in and out of counseling and was apart of Mensa(high IQ Society) -history of horrible relationships with mom, dad, her boyfriends/husbands and children -She said in 4th ses to Dr.W "you are the best consular ever" (wrote a 7 page paper to Dr.W supervisor and compared him to God) -one week she ask for 2 extra minutes after the hour. Dr.W agreed. Next we 5 minute, next week an extra session that week Dr. W agreed -finally after one session.. she said I need another session rn. Cancel other patients. Dr.W said no. She "you can't or won't" Dr.w I won't -she said okay fine. "if you don't want to see me.. then I shouldn't be alive" -came back next week sat entire 50 minutes in silence and huffing and puffing. -by complimenting like crazy and then testing by asking for favors. -make sure that she can control you and others
Intelligence is No Defense: Example
-Dr.W in high school. Had quite a bit of social anxiety when it came to asking out girls. Wanted to ask them but scared to death of it. That it was so painful he is just going to forget girls for a while.
3 categories under General Skills for a "Good Life"
-Easy(1%) -Hard(98%) -Impossible(1%)
Example of Cognitive Anchor
-Every 5 to 6 years a guy has to get a colonoscopy and has to be put under an anesthetic. This guy does not like being put to sleep and dreads it every year he has to do it. So Dr. W asked him right after he had the surgery done.. How much would I have to pay you to get this done? The guy says it wasn't so bad.. I'll do it for 20 dollars maybe even 10. Then Dr.W made him write that down on a paper and put it in envelope and take it out before every colonoscopy to "weighed" his dread of that memory.
What are core beliefs?
-Everyone has them. You believe so strongly about a situation that it is very hard to change it.
Example of Self Talk
-Everyone loves me. Hey, that person did not smile at me. They must not love me.
Example of Mystic tradition
-Example of Mystic tradition
Decisional Balancing
-Exploring pros and cons of old and new behaviors to tip scale in direction of positive change -acknowledges it to make decision yourself.
Negative Dominance Example "Football Player example"
-Foot Ball player in H.S *walks up to girl* say, Yo what's up? Worked b/c he was cool. Girls like that. It worked for him. Then in college *walked up to girl* Said Yo. She didn't like that. No longer works in college.
Example of Forgiving someone
-Football player in the in zone. Gets ball thrown at him, but doesn't catch it. Touch down could have won the game for them -his teammates come up to him and say it's okay it happens.
What do I do to deal with the core?
-Freud Believed you can deal with the core by allowing patient and therapist to get close so patient is comfortable to open up. -reality testing can be very effective when altering the core
Existentialism and Choice EX: French Snipper
-Germany's army Blitz had rolled through France to take over. German's came into a little village where a french solider climbed into a bell tower. And shot a couple German solider than he was spotted everyone turn on him and even the tanks last two seconds of his life... I'll be dead soon, but I have enough time to shoot that well nicely dressed officer. Lived properly b/c last 2 seconds instead of freaking out about to be murdered. He says "I believe I can shoot that..."
Example of Motivational Interviewing
-Guy goes to doctor. He's overweight, never exercises, doesn't eat well, and smokes. Doctor says you need to stop those things and do things that are good for you. Guy says he doesn't want too. Is there just a pill you can give me?
Example of Reflective Listening
-Guy is worried his girlfriend will leave him. Therapist say: so you're insecure.
Example of Amplify
-Guy that smokes Family has a bug fit about it. Yeah a couple habits a day. Oh you don't see in anything wrong with smoking?? -They smoker will jump on the other side of their own argument. To say that it is wrong.
Example of Columbo being used
-Guy that smokes. Says that he values good health. Therapist was like so you value good help but you smoke. That's the inconsistency.
Example Common Core Beliefs "Musterbation (demandedness) intolerable:
-Guy wants to ask a girl out. Feels tremendous pressure. If no= devastated. -say he wants to ask out Sally comes to school. Sally not at school. Hears she moved to Alaska and is not coming back. Super devastating. No pleasure in not having her company.
Example of Ockum Razor (studying and observing) scraping away the things that are not observable.
-Hi Neighbor. You know you are the most tolerable neighbor. B/c You have never complained about my tiger. Neighbor: I've never heard it roar. Or seen it's foot prints. Or smelled it's awful smell. Other guy comes up with excuses for it. But Neighbor doesn't believe that is the truth. He is cutting away the things that are not observable.
Core Work "flushing out the Iguana"
-Home of unconscious patterns: It both CONSCIOUS and UNCONSCIOUS -Heavily Defended:emotional force field -therapist become aware of the core gradually Transference
What is Shame Work?
-I am worried about what other people think of me. I am humiliated by the thing I have done. However it was a normal thing so I need to work on not feeling humilated by it
Common Core Beliefs Terms
-I and Others -must be perfect -Must be loved by all -One "right" answer -Musterbation (demandedness) intolerable
Common Core Beliefs "One "Right" Answer" Example
-I have to win in tennis. No other way. -Girl got her undergraduate, graduate and PHD, all A's through PHD. And won awards for best student in undergrads and graduate. Called her self an average student and that's it.
Example of Self Think "probability of overestimation"
-I made a B on the Exam. Friend say you have A's in all your other classes you are fine. You say but I won't get into grad school with a B. What are the odds? 95 % chance that won't happen. -Dr.W phoebe of flying. Scared it will crash. More chance of crash on the way to airport than in airplane. Not scared of serial killer or car crash but planes oh no!!
TWO WAY STREET EXAMPLE
-I need to study, but I don't really want too.. so my behavior say okay, try it for 5 minutes if it is that bad then stop. -You try it for 5 minutes and realize it is not that bad, so it works. You keep going because you already started. Get the hang of it. Your behavior grows into motivation.
Example of PARADOXICAL BEHAVIORAL
-In Grad School, girl in early 20s very pretty. Would shock people with they things she would say... Normal people don't even say this to close friend.."I don't like your hair that way" -She feared unpleasing others. So if a guy asked her out and she didn't want to go. She didn't want to be unpleasant to him and say no so she always said yes.
Stoics: terms
-Initiating Cause -Principle Cause
Example of people programmed to do different things
-James Dr. W student did great first semester, and second semester not so good. And if he didn't pass that class he would pass the year.Thought Dr.W won't fail me he likes me. He got failed. -Girl takes minimal notes and HS. Thinks she will get by in college. She doesn't has to rework herself to do differently
Example of Rumination
-Keeps thinking about what awful thing your boyfriend did. -or a guy dwelling on dying.
Technology accepted in "hard" science not in study of humanity EXAMPLE
-Keys throw up in the air and start falling. The reason they go down are objectified by laws of momentum and inertia.
Analogy of 1st sword (point of resistance) "SAFETY VALVE"
-Late 1700's factories in Europe powered by steam did not always work. Too much steam in the factory would cause the factory to blow up, so they put in a safety valve system. The safety valve system was read by one guy that would start to see the steam to reach the safety line, and would have to yell down to the breaker guy to take off some pressure.. to let out a little steam
Reflective Listening
-Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you. -therapist will listen to what you say and respond with a "like idea" that they think it is -safe environment so they can open up
Subjectivity EXAMPLE
-Love is not tangible. Can you hold love? No. so it is (blank) -I have a sense of meness. I could put my mind and put it in another body.
Example of Memories leading to irrational and harmful consequences
-Married Surgeons,Joe and Sally. Sally had bad relationships in past cheated on and such. One night they had their parents watch their kid, so they could go stay on the plaza for a weekend. Friday night go into restaurant has reservations..walking to table Joe holding Sally's hand and they walk past cocktail waitress she say Oh excuse me sir. Oh that's quite alright. Sally let's go of his hand walks out to the street to get a cab and file for divorce. Just that little interaction brought back the past and caused her marriage and family to be ruined. Just those words made her think they had an affair Joe and Cock tail waitress.
Example of responding to Rotten People
-Married couple needs to get a divorce. Because husband is treating her badly -Dr.W and Lauren switch off driving day to school. Lauren is always late. Dr.W says I'll just drive myself.
Positive dominance loop "acclaim stage"
-Means that other people brag about you
Fixed Ratio Example (humans)
-Mike and Fred get a job downtown loading a dock. Their boss reinforced them by giving them 80 dollars in cash ONLY after they load 3 tailors. -But if they load 2, they get no money.
Example Sword of POR "Creative Loop"
-Mime street performer. Had schizophrenia. -Practiced trapped box trick on street with mime friends for weeks. -one week didn't show up for performance at all. Friends went to check on him. He was dead in the middle of the floor and a glass of water on the counter. -Died from not drinking enough water. Had not drank water in days. Had a horrible hallucination he was actually trapped in a box.
CBT: Behavioral Techniques (TWO WAY STREET)
-Motivation leads to behavior and behavior leads to motivation. -you need to get the motivation to do something.. that is when behavior comes in. -Problem is you just need to get motivated
Example of Point of Resistance Shield 2nd "Intellectual"
-Nice man in 30s comes to Dr. W with a problem. He dates around a lot, but now he has a nice job. So he wants to get a nice wife. But the problem was he didn't know how to talk to nice girls. He only knew how to talk to party girls. Always said to the "party girls" "Hey, I'm a happening guy and your a happening girl.. Let's happen together." He was stuck and no idea what to say or do.
What do we know about secondary reinforcement?
-Not reinforcing themselves. -Leaning to value.
Re-frame fighting Irrat. Self Talk EXAMPLE (mid 40s)
-One guy in his mid- 40s had a lot of brothers and sisters with prestigious jobs like doctors or lawyers. But this guy did not have a big time job like them and was never interested in those fields. But his sibling having these amazing job titles made him feel like less of a man he told DR.W. Dr.W responded/suggested, Well there are other ways to be a great man that are not having a very prestigious job. The guy agreed and that is what made him a great paint. He listen and understood their are other ways to be a man. Went from not feeling manly to feeling manly
Things that go with Negative Dominance Loop
-Overtime -Failure to change = POR (point of resistance) -worked previously doesn't work anymore. Doing the same thing over and over again. Bad Results. Keeps doing it. World's Greatest Joke -Shields of POR: Awareness, Intellectual, and Emotional -swords of POR: Distraction Loop, Safety valve
Other Behavioral Technique List:
-Paradoxical Behavioral -Homework (BT) -Shame work -Behavior Modification -forgiveness
What is PARADOXICAL BEHAVIORAL?
-you do the opposite -fear of unpleasing -usually can't say no
Project Dr.J did with his grad students alongside a patient with "social anxiety"
-Patient with social anxiety is forced to talk to 10 of Dr.J grad students and Dr.J will be recording it. Patient had normal conversations with the students. However student knew the patient had an issue but didn't know what he had. Guy thought he was talking funny, but all the grad students thought he was normal. What did he have?
Example of "DONE DEAL" GOOD REASON
-People who work full time and go to school. Harder to do school if you don't have to do work. People typical say, "Didn't get paper done" reason being I worked 60 hours last week.
Goal's of Objective Study
-Prediction Possible -Control Desirable
Cogitative Behavioral Therapy: Behavioral Techniques
-Premise -Two Way Street -emotional muscle & "why" it didn't happen or did happen
Example of change ruler
-Professor hands back students' essays. One person gets a C and thinks their paper deserved an A. Professor give them another opportunity to make an improvement. But they don't want to because they thought they deserved an A on the first one.
Fixed ratio Example (rats)
-Rat pulls a leaver 5 times and gets food. -if they pull it 1 time, 2 times, or 3 or 4 times they will not get any food.
Stop generalization to similar but safe events STEPS
-Revisit Trauma -Procedure: Titrate (a solution by measuring) As needed
Rocky movie Reality Testing example
-Rocky starts out smoking and not trying in the beginning. Then later on he trains hard every day in the freezing cold. He drinks raw eggs and runs for as long as possible. First day bad, but kept doing it because motivated and giving it a try.
Alfred Adler beliefs
-Saw it, humans are not just pleasure seekers, but conscious and intentional in their behavior.We are motivated by the need to feel superior-to grow, overcome challenges, and strive for perfection
What do core beliefs function as?
-Schemes
General Skills for a Good life
-Self esteem 1. (Difference between-impossible/hard/easy)2.(2 way street)3.(Responding to rotten people) 4. (responding to weak people) 5. (Responding to a "done deal"){Victim-"At some point you have to make plays".}{Re-framing}
Things that go with Present Centered Awareness
-Separation from-not fusion with thought -Not trying to "Stop" thought or emotion -Should stay in the now -Rumination
Irrational Lady on Oprah
-She was married to a nice man. That became a very very good layer. Made about 5 million a year. He decided to divorce her and marry model. She was suppose to get more than a quarter of the million that she was getting a year from her ex husband. She felt cheated out of her money. So she went and killed him and the new wife. And the children were put into ophranges.
Variable Ratio Example
-Slot machines. Will you get paid off? You don't know?
The Nature of "The World" as a challenge and sources of Manipulative development:
-Society-instills beliefs in you during childhood -always must strive to be better
Example of Therapeutic Paradox
-Some one tells therapist about the bad thing her husband did... -patient: no not gonna do a thing about it -I'd love to work with you but don't waste my time and yours and money. If you don't change
Example of Extinction
-Someone who is always late or -someone that smokes everyday or -taking half notes
Example of Mind Reading
-Someone yawns in Dr. W class. Dr.W: *focuses only on yawn* Oh my they don't like me. They must think I am stupid..
SUDS stands for
-Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale
What 4 words goes with positive dominance loop?
-Success -confidence -pleasure -acclaim
Example of Albert Ellis's Rational people
-Takes good notes. Gets an A on the test.
EXAMPLE Homework (Behavioral Techniques)
-Takes notes listens to lecture today. Goes home makes flashcards and studies them. You are being a good student doing what?
Example of "You have been lied too."
-Teacher will say you need to know all this material, but that was never true. Teacher's can miss programming you.
EXAMPLE of shaping
-Teaching someone tennis. -(Start) 1st- w/ perfectly bouncing the ball to them to bat it. -2nd- Bump it to them with your rack it for them to bat. -3rd. Step back bump it to them and let them bat it.
What is CBT therapy?
-The present day version of REBT. -!Cognitive Behavioral Therapy!- emphasized thinking and then later Behavior (Reliance on cognitive and behavioral techniques.) -most valuable therapy of psychologist today. -Evidence based: believes that there should be evidence and hard data. Works because techniques are tested and proven.
What does it take to Secret to life: "Good, Lucky, or TOUGH?"/slogan
-The way to be happy in life is to be tough.
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
-There are 8 types of intelligence, which go beyond academic smarts and scholarships. :Advantage- Linguistics, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and naturalist are "frame of mind" that allow humans to succeed. -what differentiates intelligence from skill?
Spearman
-There is a general intelligence driving abilities in many areas. Advant- There is a connection among different abilities such as verbal, spatial, and reasoning competencies. -Given the complexity of the mind, can intelligence really be explained by a single general factor?
Alfred Alder childhood inferiority
-as a child you were inferior.Mom, Dad. brother whoever, they did thing better than you. AA said- everyone has a life goal to prove that they are not inferior.
Modern transference EXAMPLE
-have you ever been so jealous? When you fell in love!! You get over the top jealous.. that it ruins the relationship -you move on and then the pattern of dating comes into play again -fanatically irrational core
Re-frame Example
-There was a therapy center where medical doctors had to go when they were about to lose their licence for bad behavior. -One guy had to go because he lost his temper and yelled at everyone and all their "mistakes" -Therapist made him realize it either 1. They are innocent, 2. Guilty and bad motives, or 3. They are responsible. The main one that most people were in was responsible. -so this meant the doctors job was to train them to do better at giving a shot or what not. And to not yell at them after trying their best. They are responsible, so therefore train them.
What is the best way to get to the Unconscious core?
-Transference
Terms that go-with issues(situations) of Unstructured state
-Uncomfortable - panic - failure - Destruction
The power and resistance of Core Beliefs
-Unconscious Nature -Emotional Force Fields
Skinner's theory has what 2 things under reinforcement
-Universal Law -Operates noticed or unnoticed
When 5 rats are trained to pull the leaver for food, that extinction behavior. But now no matter how many times it pulls the letter it won't work. Which rat will not stop pulling it?
-Variable Ratio rat
what are the 3 disputing tactics? very classy and admired by all..
-WHO DAT?(MOST EFFECTIVE) -WHY DAT?(SECOND EFFECTIVE) -HOW DAT?(LAST EFFECTIVE)
EXAMPLE Session 3 Imagine Exposure
-We had him sit in a chair and close eyes - and imagine as if he could see the nurse coming to put the mask on -ask him SUDS he say 60 take break -starts again he can see the mask about to be put on face 90 -visualizing it
No Feasible Path to Happiness few EXAMPLES
-Weight-room guys lifting. Bench press higher and higher each time. One guy just couldn't do it nearly crying. Up set he couldn't lift. -Golden Girl- weigh ins you want to weigh less than you did last. week. Girl was upset because it didn't happen. -Dr. W puts junk in hair. To make it look good. Doesn't like it without the junk. Professor calls on him wrong answer. Lots of pressure and embarrassment. makes him unhappy.
2. Generate Anchor Points-or-bench marks
-What is something you are scared of? -Snakes. Okay in room filled with 100 snakes you are at a 80 or 90 on the scale. That's the starting mark
Principle Cause example
-When a girls says no to a guy that asked him out. And his reaction is Oh no. No one like me. Dagger to the heart.
Shaping Anlogy
-World's greatest sculpture guy was asked by Bill Gates to sculpt his horse. Bill watches him. Guy hits off one chip of big block of marble. Bill wait that doesn't look like my house. Yeah, well it takes many hits for it to look like your horse.
Disputing Muscle and self talk
-Yeah, I agree. I feel a lot better after NDL. -real common a person leaves therapy feels great. and then feels horrible two days later. -you can help it by writing it out on a 3x5 card. Look at it and talk to yourself about it out loud. -in car looking at why, who, and how dat? -Slows yourself down puts yourself in the argument adds power
Example of SUDS (Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale)
-You are trying to lose weight, so you weight yourself on scale. You are 200 pound. To CHECK PROGRESS you weigh yourself on scale again the next week.. You are at 195. making progress. -guy in imaginative exposure story telling moment. Consuler ask.. where are you on (blank) scale? Oh i'm at 85
Conduct Imaginal Exposure Example
-You are visualizing that you are in the situation that you fear.
What is combating rumination?
-You are worried about something in particular. -You keep dwelling on it. -may feel bad about a situation in the past or makes life nasty. losing sleep over it.
Objective means
-You can see something. I can be scientifically proven. You know how it is done. way to actually believe something.
What is the problem with Subjectivity?
-You can't prove it. You can't see it. How?
Example of Catrophiszing
-You have a doctors appointment. You tell a friend you are scared. I'm getting a blood test. what if they find I have cancer..Imagines the worst in every scenario.
Example of Primary Reinforcement
-You need to get dog out to go pee. You put a biscuit in front of their nose to wake them up and follow you outside to pee.
Variable Ratio
-You will be reinforced, but you will never know when
Example 2nd Sword of (sword of POR) "DISTRACTION LOOP" Young Student
-Young Lady in class very good student. Get either A- or b+ on test, but wanted to get an A. Goes to Professor Dr. W to tell him he's not teaching right.. Dr. W says maybe you should change the way you write your essays. She does not do it because she thinks she is right. She wanted someone else(DR. W) to change and not her.
Fixed Ratio
-a person gets reinforced for a set number of responses.
Taking the "High" road-The happy and Bountiful path: Described
-according to Albert Ellis and others the idea that most problems caused by our thinking is because we care too much -we do have the ability to be rational -we need to focus on the present -can't change the past because it no longer exists -fixing things to make them better, but not perfect
A meaning in ABC model
-activating event
Example of Session 1 Avoidance
-afraid to talk to girls.. doesn't talk to them. Couldn't do it. Avoid with fear.
Overcoming difficulty of change
-almost everyone says, "oh can't get them to change" They believe it is too hard to do that. Representation of trying to change someones mind.
Example of Unconscious Beliefs
-an invisible giant is fighting you. You can't fight back because you can't see them.
Therapeutic Paradox
-appear to contradict the goals of therapy, yet are actually designed to achieve them. -therapist suggest to stop the therapy b/c they don't want to change come back when want to change
Modern Spin on Transference
-as if we have a computer program in our brains that as we get older we discover the love -in adolescent years we date a guy and date a guy (repeated pattern) then -when we meet a really nice guy that I hit it off with.. Our brain goes from like to love (As if behavior is very different) -
Example of Bias Scanning
-ask a guy on a date. He said no. Nobody likes to be with me. Other guys said yes. But I'm caught on this one negative guy.
Revisit Trauma
-ask to visualize it -tell me in details the story -Tells story in present tense. "She is bring the mask over." -anxiety goes from 60 to 30
Shields of the POR point of resistance
-awareness -intellectual -emotional
All things that happen Session One Described
-bad memory/bad phoebe. We want to COUNTER avoidance the issue. Stop the unhelpful thinking. -Counter Avoidance -counter unhelpful and irrational thinking and beliefs
Example of Emotional Force Field
-bad self image. Very nice and pretty gal. Dr. W ask he out to dance back in HS. She is really scared of going because people will judge her. Got to the door..Oh my everyone is looking I can't go.
Black and White
-believes people are either good or bad.
REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy) means
-believes you get better by training yourself to think rational and not irrational
Subjectivity
-believing in things that you cannot see. Someone's opinion on a particular feeling belief or desire. Can't scientifically be proven.
How to respond to an unfair life?
-best way to fix it is say. "okay, What can I do? -spend one hour feeling bad instead of 20 -don't waste your time worrying about things that you can't do anythings about.
Impossible
-cannot be done. -Can't do it
How to challenge your core beliefs of someone you think doesn't like you or has "betrayed you"? Attacking the core
-challenge the perception you think people think of you by asking them to get coffee with you. -AKA challenge you core and mind reading of people
The Founder-Albert Ellis REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy): Change your thinking- Change your life. EXPLAINED
-chose not to be afraid. -chose to be happy. -most people are not afraid. Why can't you think like them?
Under CBT.....Attack Negative Dominance Loop of irrational thinking: is when
-core beliefs has schemes that lead to things happening again and again. Ex: Very intelligent women. If you do anything I don't like, it means you are against me.
What is the typical response to a weak person?
-cut them off. Over one bad thing.
Common Core Beliefs "Musterbation (demandedness) intolerable:
-demand that they must be followed. Must happen. If it doesn't happen I'll be crushed./ devastated
what is transference?
-discovered by Sigmund Freud -when patient will transfer to the therapist=good therapy (b/c they are opening up) -PATTERNS UNCONSCIOUS THAT RELATE TO LOVE - describes a situation where the feelings, desires, and expectations of one person (patient) are redirected and applied to another person (therapist). Most commonly, (blank) refers to a therapeutic setting, where a person in therapy may apply certain feelings or emotions toward the therapist. -best way to get to unconscious core thoughts
Automatic thinking
-don't realize that you are doing it. -EVENT HAPPENS IN OUTSIDE WORLD, YOU APPLY A SCHEME TO IT, AND THEN MAKE AN INFERENCE ABOUT IT.
Hyper Vigilance Described
-every little thing about being in phoebe situation bothers you. -Hears a little sound and you just freak out.
Example Self Efficacy
-exercising swimmer. Really good at swimming. You can do the thing you thought you couldn't do because you look at your success of swimming and try to apply it to new challenge
Irrational and Harmful Emotion consequences EXAMPLE
-fired from a job. not just sad about it you are devastated. Think it is the end of the world or life.
Example of Present centered awareness
-fired from job -go over and over it in head -the idea of mindfulness is you sort of try to see the thought right now(and feel bad about loosing job) -then slowly goes back to present. Let the thought slide out.
Should stay in the NOW
-focus on right now. -use people to appreciate the present EX: Drinking a beer. live in the now. Focus on the taste and the goodness of drinking a beer. Or Figure out the thing/things you really like about someone?
What are the 4 Primary reinforcers?
-food -water -sex -relief from pain
How to Respond to Rotten people?
-get away from it all by simply changing the relationship with the person. -This way they can no longer mess with you.
Motivational Interviewing 10 techniques
-goal elicit change talk -overcoming difficulty of change -open ended questions -reflective listening -decisions balancing -columbo -self-efficacy -change ruler -amplify -therapeutic paradox
Disputing Tactic: HOW DAT?
-guy that got fired chose to be a loser. Consular, "how do you believe that you are a loser? -Ex: if i want to believe Santa is real that doesn't hurt, but it doesn't make you happy.
Disputing Tactic: WHO DAT?
-guy that got fired from job. Says, "everyone thinks badly of me." Consular asked, "who do you know that has lost their job? Do you think they were thought badly of? Probably not. -Ex ask out a guy. He says no. You think all guys don't like you. Why does that make all guys not like you? Not true that's irrational. -most effective disputing tactic
Example of decisional balancing
-guy that smokes acknowledge the pros and cons and realizes that he should go in the positive direction of not smoking.
Reinforcement Schedules
-how often does a person get reinforcement.
Often has Positive impact via few instances
-if you are scared of some situation/ instances.. positive behavioral therapy will help you change your mind.
Avoidance and Negative Consequences EXAMPLE
-if you don't do radiation therapy you will die. Need to do it for experiences of lifetime. -fear to talk to girls.. Never get married. Needs to experience this in lifetime.
Reframe fighting Irrat. Self Talk ANALOGY
-imagine a picture on a wall that is frame to have you focus on a picture.. then you re-frame it by taking out the old picture and changing it to a new picture.
Stop generalization to similar but safe events EXPLAINED
-imagining he could see the nurse coming at him with mask SUDS:at 100 but it is a 100 miles away you need to not worry. -Girl I dated in HS broke up with me and made fun of me. Doesn't happen in college girls are more mature.
Conduct Imaginal Exposure
-implement in vivo exposure -put person in the actual experience -actually goes to airpot (if fear of planes) -actually talks to girls (if you fear speaking with girls) -gradually go from 50 to 25
2nd Sword of (point of resistances) "DISTRACTION LOOP" description
-it distracts you from your real problem. -Change the subject -You think someone else needs to change, but not you (this stops you from changing) Tries to divert the attention away from themselves
What is rumination?
-it is a good idea gone wrong. -it's a problem and you need to think of a way to solve it. -if you have a problem spend 5 minute thinking about it and a solution... But if no solution at the end of 5 minutes then that's defined as (blank)
Cognitive Anchor
-it is an experience that has to happen every 5 to 6 years and you dread it. -But you weigh down that dread by writing about how it wasn't so bad after it is done. -did a behavior that learned and "blanked" that memory
Underlying Basis- Habitation
-it is built into humans. -it is something that you do so much or often that you don't even notice when you do it. Becomes "second nature"
In Vivo
-it is exposure therapy. It is putting the person in the situation, until they no longer fear it. -Making a person experience the situation so they don't fear it much anymore.
What is shaping?
-it is what you do when you are trying to teach someone.
Motivational Interviewing described
-it means being non-directive. You need to change. NOT telling the patient what to do. Leading them to think otherwise through question
How goal-discriminate between remembering the trauma helps??
-it's a memory. It's not your friend actually getting shot. Cut that SUDS in half from 60 to 30
Self-Talk (lecture)
-justifies to yourself. Says all these things to yourself. -automated stimulated response. -"No, but I feel it. Okay" -leads to irrational and harmful consequences
Reality Testing
-let's test that first. Is there really a gorilla in the hall? -most powerful way to try out a behavior -way of motivating -psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy
Today- Why light bulbs fail
-light bulb burns out -you either change it, switch on and off the breaker box, and or call an electrician -Electrician say, "No way left to fix light bulbs. They are just lazy. just don't want to change."
Alfred Adler Psychology "As If"
-lives as if it is true.
Applying Disputing Tactics and Muscle to losing a job
-lost job. You feel like a loser. You look at the real truth. Better to lose a job than ruin your family. -Bad self image: wife or other people compliment a man. thinks oh they don't mean it they are just being nice. Arguments with self leads to the truth that he is wrong. That people do mean what they say. Power of self talk and slowing down. Checking for that gorilla
ABC model described
-mainly goes from A straight to C not really phased by B. -cores, schemes, and self talk -think it is not up to them to make things better -consequences don't automatically happen even tho it seems like it
How can feedback help you?
-makes you realize what you are doing wrong, and to now learn how to fix it.
Albert Ellis Example of Exposure
-making himself talk to 100 girls in the next to weeks to cure his fear of talking to
Disputing Tactics Example for all the outergeous sling, who dat?, why dat?, and how dat?
-man fired from job. Everyone hates me. I am a loser. Destroyed my family. really needs to break it down. Identify the self talk and check to see if their is a gorilla in the hall. Who really hate you? Why do you think that? How do they hate you?
Social Reinforcement Described:
-many people agree with you -"Yeah, if I was in that situation. I would feel that way too." -all things are a great distraction of reality.
Knowledge of Psychical World Ancient Greece
-maybe 10 % of people knew about the world at this time period -brain is in heart
Albert Ellis's belief on Rational People
-means I better change -reasonable in a situation
Continuous
-means every time you do a behavior, you get paid off.
Cognitive Technique: Disputing- use against SELF TALK
-means to dispute the irrational self talk. Try to make the unconscious schemes into the conscious self talk.
Mindfulness
-means two major things. First combating rumination and second enjoying the present.
Self actualization
-need it to be wins best and strives for ones fullest potential.
Example of Hyper arousal
-not being able to sleep because you keep thinking about a situation.
Under CBT.... Sees person as powerful-capable (with guidance) of helping self
-you have a lot of power, you are not helpless.. almost always make life a lot better.
Counter-transference explained and an analogy
-not good. When the therapist transfers towards the patient (A): Person goes to medical doctor for injured shoulder. Doctor has a hurt knee. So he takes an x-ray of person's shoulder and knee. Even tho knee doesn't bother them. Gives them exercises for knee and shoulder even though you only need exercises for shoulder.
Albert Ellis's beliefs on Irrational
-not logical or reasonable in a situation -even the best evidence won't change them
Knowledge of Human Today
-only improved a little to 75 percent. Improved by 10 percent in time period
Reinforcement
-operates whether you like it or not. (blank) is always there. Whether you believe his theory of not it is their. Part of the Good life Theory -Ex: We are on a walk. I believe in gravity and understand it. You don't understand it or believe it. We walk off a cliff. I'll know why and how it is happening when we fall. You on the other hand don't, but gravity is still there.
Amplify
-over states the problem at hand. -will jump on the other side of their own argument. To say that it is wrong.
How are patients like when with a reflective therapist for the first couple of sessions?
-patient starts out shy. -nervous to talk about the thing that really bothers them
Bias Scanning
-prejudice-only notices aspects that fit our core beliefs
People who are subjective
-problem with you is you are lazy or -she is a excellent character
Emotional Force Field
-protects the core beliefs
3. Now move to Trauma-event and generate 10-15 items.
-rate how scared you are of an event -if flying and the plane is bouncing. I am at a 100. Getting on plane is 80 or 90. Thinking about it is a 50.
Catstrophizing
-refers to interpreting every event as if it will turn out to be a big catastrophe(disaster)
Sword of POR Danger of Success
-remember if it stops working, it's likely not to change and make you go into negative dominance loop.
Goal-discriminate
-remembering the trauma -stop the trauma
How were Stoics beliefs similar to Albert Ellis?
-same idea in that human beings are not objects we can change what we do.. by thinking.
Slogan
-say something a lot
Black and White Example
-say we are friends. One day you were not nice to be because you weren't in a good mood. One bad thing and you put it in a bad category. That's not really my friend.
Enjoying the Present
-slow down and focus on the now. -
How to dispute with SELF TALK?
-slow it down immediately feeling down -should first check to see if there is really a gorilla in the hall before going forwards about the problem -be rational and talk to yourself about the problem make note cards. write it down
In vivo example
-someone is scared of planes.. so you put them on a plane or in airport
Examples of positive dominance loop "aclaim stage"
-someone recommends Dan the deck guy. -19-year-old Dr. Williams studies tail off in college. Overhear the conversation of a guy telling a girl... "See Bob Williams he is really good at history."
What is a weak person?
-someone who does one bad thing.
No Feasible Path to Happiness
-something very harmful happens. How could you possibly be happy.. -have not changed even when given great arguments
Behavioral Techniques- Exposure -The Theory
-something you do with only a consular. -typically used to treat patients with PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder) or people with phoebes -in the simplest form is basically setting the person in the situation that they fear.
Examples of Point of Resistance "couple"
-spends a lot of money on counselor -dr. Williams tells them what is wrong -keep doing the same thing over and over again. Not helping them
4. Assign In Vivo homework
-start therapy between 40 or 50 scale -make them listen to the tape you made in the therapy session of them in vivo 3x a day for a week -this can make them rationalize the trauma event and not be as scared anymore
Statistics apart form individuals
-statistics are about a group not an individual. -an individual can be different. An individual can change. -Like Dr. W when he was told his shoulder cuff would cost him to not be able to use his arm. -he proved the (blank groups) wrong by gaining full ability back in his arm.
What is open ended question? In motivational interviewing
-stuck with one problem they can't seem to change it. Ex: what happens if you don't make a change?
Examples of Negative Reinforcement
-take painkillers to end pain; fasten seat belt to end loud beeping -getting tased and then getting out of it. -guy in mid 40s, blue collar worker for most of his life. Goes back to college graduates suma cumlada. All these recommendations. But doesn't look for a job because he doesn't want a boss younger than him. That humiliating. Employer even calls to set up and interview with him.. and he turns it down.
Extinction(2) Take away the reinforcement.
-taking away the reinforcer of the bad behavior.
Avoidance and Negative Consequences
-teaching people that it is an experiences of a lifetime -Telling them it is not that bad
Stripper Example of Transference
-terrible winter day -lady with big coat comes in and is very terrified to shake my hand.Hangs up coat and lady is wearing a bikini top underneath. -Says, "Don't worry. I am not going to flash you." *then she flashes Dr. W*She was a stripper. -She knew a way she could control men and get them to do anything you want if you are attractive and sexy
What does therapy focus on a lot of times?
-the core -everything comes from the core -altering the core is a challenge
Disputing Tactic: WHY DAT?
-the guy that lost his job say, "Well, I am a loser. Consular say, "why does losing your job make you a loser? - He say "Well, because I suck at being a man." Consular well you may have lost your job, but you are still a man. A man that is a good husband and father. -second most effective disputing tactic
The past- Aristotle's "Happy Objects"
-the keys dropped because they felt like dropping.
Non Directive Therapy
-the therapist is not the direct role. The client is mainly leading. -These type of therapist believe the ultimately patients should cure themselves. Therapist does not tell you what to do. -it becomes their idea because they are leading and not the therapist. Hence the reason the will probably change
Non-Directive Therapy EXAMPLE
-therapist sits there and listen to the patient. -or interacts with them as they color or something
How do most people respond to "Done DEAL"?
-they play victim -self-destructive role -believes their 2 way to respond to (blank) -got to let it go (never happy in life if you don't) 1.first way is to do the behavior that will reach your goal 2. Just have a good reason/excuse to reach goal
Mystic tradition
-things maybe their, but you can't see them.
What are behaviors like?
-things you can see, touch, hear or smell. 5 sense can observe. (like if the light bulb come on or not. These can relate to what? Things that you can study and observe!
Example Analogy of Social Reinforcement:
-think of reality as the distortion mirrors in haunted houses -girlfriend feels betrayed by boyfriend that has a guy friend that needs to spend one night. Distortion of reality
What should be happening in the throughout the "In VIVO" sessions and specifically the last one?
-throughout you should be In Vivo -doing homework on in vivo -last session you should be reviewing progress
Contributing Forces "EXISTENTIALISM" explained
-throughout your life you make your own CHOICES -but no one can tell you what choice that is up to you
Immediate failure (Provisional Structure)
-tries to do something about the situation, but it doesn't help the situation. Go right back to Unstructured state -Doesn't work. Makes you fall back to Unstructured state
Extinction
-trying to teach a new behavior, but have to stop it because you have already learned it. -Behavoir is inappropriate and on a bad track
Homework (Behavioral Techniques)
-use the homework to make sure SUDS(subjective units of discomfort scale) doesn't go up
1. Define SUDS (Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale)
-uses a SCALE from 0 to 100. 0=not scared at all. 100=nothing could be more scary than this
Alfred Alder Life Goal-Life Style
-very competitive people -want to be seen as superior
What is Behavior Modification?
-very step by step way of getting a person to change behavior.
Irrational example of Guy thinking he was going to hell
-very very nice catholic man was afraid he was going to go to hell -but everyone told him no that will not happen. -even the Persist and his friends weren't good enough evidence to convince him.
Irrational and Harmful Behaviors consequences: Described
-wants to make sure it doesn't work.. -possible bad situation that a person just makes it much worse
Who was Columbo?
-was a detective that looked mousy and kind of small. Detective on murder cases. Witness would say here's what would happen. (the detective would say)-oh okay thank you. Walks away and then turns around to pick up at their inconsistency -help them see the inconsistency -PEOPLE WILL SAY THINGS THAT ARE INCONSISTENT
Self Efficacy
-when a person believes he or she can control their own fate.Therapist telling them the things they are good at or successful in
What is negative reinforcement?
-when in a bad and stressful situation it feels really good to get out of it. -a challenging situation that you stop immediately
SUDS ( Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale) means
-when people talk they say they are really scared of something, but you need to be able to give it a scale. Not traumatic just afraid of it
Variable Interval
-when reinforcement is given to a respondent after a specific amount of time has passed.
Self-Esteem meaning
-when things are important.. you respect yourself, so you expect yourself to do that important/difficult/good thing Ex: Dr.W ask football to move all boxes in back of room to his office. They don't do it. It ticks off coach. He respected them so he expected them to do so. Even if boxes were heavy
Change Ruler
-where are you on the ruler? - start at (0) Progress if at (4) -10 is where you want to be -try to talk ourselves into believing it. We may get defensive about it
Cogitative Behavioral Therapy: Behavioral Techniques (PREMISE)
-why behavior is very important. Even though dispute is too.
Example-Fired from Job (hand and hand with Core, Self Talk, Irrational and Harmful emotional and behavioral consequences)
-women w/ very successful title VP. Hears their is an opening for President. She applies and doesn't get it. Starts thinking how her life is just meaningless. Kind of self talk
Example of Variable Ratio
-working on commission. Going door to door. Only making money if you make a sell.
What is reverse roll play? (Fighting Irrational Self Talk)
-working with patient after they have done the disputing tactics by creating a hypothetical situation. -it's kind of a way of arguing with your self and one other person playing (irrational or rational) you
Session 3 Imagine Exposure
-you are (visualizing it) that you are actually in the situation, but not in vivo(not in it(not living it)
How do you respond to a "DONE DEAL"?
-you have to make plays(<-victim) -you need to do something about it -still need to tackle and block in football
Goal Elict-Change Talk
-you have to try to conceptualization and overcome. Ask: How would you do that?
1st Sword of (Point of Resistance) "SAFETY VALVE" is when
-you make a Little Change, but not good enough to help the situation. May not be perfect, but at least you made an effort
Example of Behavior Modification FORGIVENESS
-you want to be friends with someone but they had not been treating you very nicely -So you ask them a FAVOR? -Ben Franklin had a guy that he didn't like and the guy didn't like him. Would say cold statements to each other like "Good day" -Next Ben decided to say to the Guy "you have a very nice library, there's a book I would like to barrow? Could I? Guy says yes. Both now on better terms and say "Good morning and smile"
Example of SHAME WORK
-young man with social anxiety wants to go to a party. Too painful to go so he uses negative reinforcement to relieve himself by not going. -he works on it by going to Wal-mart and walking up to 20 different strangers to initiate the conversation. -or drag banana around with a string tied to it see how they react. It's different then starting normal convo
Rationale in vivo exposure
1-Define SUDS (Subjective Units of Discomfort Scale) 2-Generate anchor points-or-bench marks 3-Now move to TRAMA-event and generate 10-15 items 4-assign In vivo Hw
Example of putting 2 steps to Extinction into action. "Person doesn't want to get out of bed."
1. How am I being reinforced? -Sleeping in not having to do anything. 2. Take away reinforcement. Wake up and start the day.
What are the two steps to extinction/stop a behavior?
1. Identify the reinforcement 2. Take away the reinforcer.
What are the two reason people take 1/2 notes and not fanatically?
1. It is less painful, and you get immediate reinforcement. 2. You have been lied too.
What are the 2 ways to respond to WEAK PEOPLE?
1. Look for perfect excuse/answer. 2. Just forgive the person
Other Tactics for fighting Irrational Self Talk:
1. Reverse Roll Play 2. Reframe 3. Time Projection= rear view mirror
What 2 things do regular people thinks make you happy?
1. Right place, right time. (luck) 2. Be incredibly good (Great singer EX)
Riding to the Rescue -of yourself and or others: Can help how/
1. The founder- Albert Ellis REBT (Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy): Change your thinking-Change your life: 2. Contributing Forces- Exisentialism and Choice- French Sniper 3. Strategies of CBT
Four terms under Williams model of change
1. The unstructured state 2. Provisional structure 3. Positive dominance loop 4. Negative dominance loop
3 possible ways people mess-up
1. They are innocent and didn't mean too. 2. They are guilty with bad motives. 3. They are responsible. They did do it, but they need a better technique to improve a skill
Non Directive Therapy (BASIC PREMISES)
1. therapist NOT in direct role 2. Much more client centered.-cure yourself 3.Does deal with harmful emotion and cognition 4. Rogerian -the therapist is not a directive role, when in cognitive they come in the office tell them what to do but buts the opposite for this type
Prolonged Exposure
10 treatment sessions to help you with phoebe or PTSD
Hard is what percentage of life
98%
ABC model example
A (activating event)- fired from a job. B (belief system)- never gonna find a job or a job that good C (Consequences)- beyond sad. Just devastated feels terrible. No job no one likes me ever.
What is Positive Dominance Loop?
A good time. A skill is working for you.
Denial
A person may react to the news with shock and disbelief, perhaps even suggesting the doctors are wrong. Unable to except a diagnosis, a person may seek other medical advice.
Strategies of CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) :
A. Attack Negative Dominance Loop of irrational thinking: b. Sees person as powerful-capable (w/ guidance) of helping self c. Make life better-not "more worse"
Cognitive Techniques
A. Disputing- use against SELF TALK -Slow down and identify self talk -look to see if the Gorilla is really in the hall. -Ex: Man Fired from Job
Alfred Adler "Overcompensation"
AAlfred: Psychology "As If"
who said "I don't have to do other things people do, I'm superior."
Alfred Alder
Striving to be superior
An appreciation for the evolutionary struggle of all living things to adapt successfully inspired Adler to apply the concept of (blank)to the understanding of human being. He posited that the goal of success pulls the individual forward toward mastery and the overcoming of obstacles.
Negative dominant sloop "point of resistance"Video game
Atari-super system-dominated the market. Developed by brilliant people. However other game systems came along. Ataris sales started to drop. They knew. However the geniuses kept doing what they were doing and failed went down the tubes
Visual representation of "point of resistance" POR 3 words
Awareness Intellectual Emotional -box square
What is the difference between the reinforcement these two behaviors? B1-> (1/2)--> takes minimal notes> "easy">they get a D in class B2-> (Fanatic) --> wrights down everything>> not easy and is Painful >> get an A in the class
B1's reinforcment kicks in immediately b/c they are taking easy going notes. (lot of people are like this in real life) B2's reinforcment is at the end of the class when they final get the A. (people rather be like this)
Motivation leads to
Behavior
Emotional Muscle & "WHY" it happened or didn't happen
Behavioral Techniques -Reality Testing -Exposure -Prolonged Exposure
self-efficiency
Beliefs someone has regarding how effective one will be in reaching a goal.
What is a Business example of the provisions structure?
Big boss. Has a guy that says I would like a job here. Can you do that? Boss says well I'm going to hire you provisionally. So you can work here for two weeks and I'll figure out if I want to hire you full-time or just fire you. Either it works or it doesn't
Second example of Unstructured Stage "failure"
Big bully in the back of the room runs at me and intent to do physical harm. Not sure what to do (victim)
Shields of the Point of Resistance
Blocks you from getting through. Wears you out, to the point of you wanting to give up
Example of "panic" in the Unstructured State
Bully is coming at you. Ready to hit or kick you. You: (victim) does not know what to do? Doesn't do anything. Frozen
What other ideas/things can be an example of model of change? Unstructured stage. Second example
Business
Unconscious Nature
CORE BELIEFS -because it started when I was so young. That when we needed to change them. Yeah IDK.. not me
Rogerian =
Carl Rogers, Non-Direct Therapy, Therapist say "I am basically a (blank)"
Negative dominant sloop business "point of resistance"
Chevy, Chrysler. Made muscle cars not great gas mileage but fast. Foreign country store to make smaller and great gas mileage. Americans saw their sells go down. Losing money in the market kept doing what they were doing "big organization"
What word goes with "Unstructured State"
Clueless
Things in Session Two
Common Reactions to Trauma/ Importance in vivo exposure/SUDS
"Taking the Low Road" Albert Ellis:
Core Beliefs
Example of Positive Dominance Loop "pleasure stage"
Dan the deck man knows he's good at building decks.
"Aware" Point of Resistance 1st Shield
Depicts all problems you have but not aware of the problems. Can't change until you are aware of problem. Need to identify own problem.
Real life example of model of change (unstructured state) first
Dr. Williams high school. Wants to be a good student in college. History class with Professor of those three words on the board for the lecture and spoke about three words. Dr. Williams had no idea what to do. And then professors erases and write three new words and lectures.Clueless...
Flunking "immediately failure" (provisional structure)
Dr. Williams history class gets a B+ for the first time. Another student interested very nice and Carries briefcase. Took no notes but sat front row and focused in on the professors lecture. After first exam scores got back... The next day he started taking he must've not done well on his exam. Last I heard from the guy fluck college and life repeated harmful pattern
Example of Automated Thinking Event then inference
E-Dr. W sees student yawning in class. I-Oh, I must be boring. They hate me
1 %
Easy is what percent
"Overtime" negative dominance loop example of Eddie Murphy mocking Muhammad Ali
Eddie Murphy. Imitates Muhammad Ali at a young age in at an older age. Young age: full sentences, clarity Old age: slurred words, not much sense
If you break through Intellectual you go to...
Emotional
Self Talk Example
Everyone must love me. Hey, they didn't smile at me. They must hate me.
Neurotic
Evidence will not change it. Still believes This no matter the situation. It is an irrational person.
Example of Reverse Role Play
Ex: A student named Joe needs to make A's on all test. However, he makes a C on one of his test. So Counselor Dr.W plays the good rational version of Joe in the situation, while Joe plays the irrational self in the situation. And then they switch roles.
Example of "Destruction" and Unstructured State
Ex:Not sure what to do in class...? Remains in same state. Fails first and second exam of college. College career is over. Ex:Bully punches you in the face again and again
Positive Dominance Loop "pleasure stage"
Fun. Knows we are good at something.
Example of "uncomfortable" and Unstructured State
Get shot from nurse. Nurse says this will be Uncomfortable, but it's really just painful
What is an example of Positive Dominance Loop?
Good grades. Takes a lot of notes. Successful. Reinforces you have the right idea.
Stoics
Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery
Extinction:(1) Identify the reinforcement.
How am I being reinforced?
Schemes are..
How the brain organizes information about the world? Like the 4 year old the making accommodations.
Carl Rogers
Humanisic; self-concept and unconditional and conditional positive regard drive personality
Point of Resistance Shield 2nd "Intellectual"
I have no idea what to do about my problems. Not sure how to change.
Positive dominant Loop "Success Stage"
I have the right answer.
No Feasible Path to Happiness Example
If I don't get a high A... No one will like me. Therefore I will not be happy.
What are two things under provisional structure?
Immediate failure Success=operational structure
1%
Impossible is what percent
Humanistic theory
In approach suggesting that human nature is buy a large posit, in the human direction is towards growth.
incentive theory
In association established between a behavior and its consequences, which then motivate that behavior.
What do most people in the unstructured state want?
Incredibly motivated to get out of that state
What are the two primary focuses on model of change? Unstructured stage
Individuals and couples
If you break through the awareness, you go into..
Intellectual
Visual example of professional structure
Less broken circle
What is provisional structure?
Less broken. Maybe. It's got a chance but it is still broken. Might try something to change a situation might work might not.
Point of resistance analogy
Little guy guard path -first shield -2nd shield 3rd-stronger than 2nd, very hard to get through
Word for Provisional Structure
Maybe
Example of "failure" in the unstructured stage
No idea. What to do in class. just sits there and takes no notes. Doesn't help the situation. You Fail to change.
Words for "failure" provisional structure
Unpleasant and painful
Behavior leads to
Motivation
Example of positive loop "success stage"
Much faster than bully. Runs the bully. Ex: dog is faster than Dr. Williams. Takes blanket and runs around people. Looks back at Dr. Williams work still and goes on.
Example of negative dominant loop "over time"
Muhammad Ali; early years: very quick. For heavy weights that couldn't touch it. Sports illustrated magazine got fast photos of his seven jabs in one second. Developed brain damage. Last quickness, all the money in the world.... Never do anything that well again... Needed to quit but didn't
Gardner
Multiple Intelligence
"Destruction" in the Unstructured State
Never ending cycle of failure. Let's bad things happen again and again.
William's Model of change
No mental illness, but have a problem. Keep us in doing the same thing that doesn't work. no change.
"Panic" describe Unstructured State
Not sure what to do in the situation. Uncontrolled anxiety of a situation. Frozen up
Example of positive dominant loop "confidence stage"
Old house dr. Williams wanted a deck. But no idea how to build one. -A friend recommended a guy call Dan the deck man -wanted a two level deck and sitting I privacy of the neighbors -Dan the deck me in confidence and made a great day that Dr. Williams wanted
-Success = (blank) -{Sometimes} their is success in the provisional Structure when this happens it is promoted into the (blank) structure
Operational structure
Negative dominant loop
Overtime every positive Loop will fail Back to the drawing board " unstructured state"
Unstructured State "Uncomfortable" Description
Painful Situation
Unstructured state "Unconformable stage described"
Painful situation
Visual representation of operational structure
Perfect circle
Failure to change =
Point of resistance
What else can we call reinforcing?
Programming and learning
Tough EXamPLE "psychologist"
Psychologist ask a bunch of girls out. Has the "will power" to do so. Even if multiple girls say no. One girl will say yes.
One word that defines Skinner "The Good Life" theory
Reinforcement
"1st Sword" of (Point of Resistance) is called..
Safety Valve
Conscious goes with
Self-talk
Unconditional Positive Regard (Rogers)
Unconditional acceptance and approval of a person by others.
Regular example of provisional structure
Sitting in class very scared to death. Wrote on the board three words. Professor talk about them. Erase them and wrote 3 more New ones. Dr. W looked across the room and few were taking notes. Dr. Williams said maybe I should take notes.
Positive Dominance Loop "Sally" Example
Smiles at everyone. People smile back. People like her. It works.
Example of The Nature of "The World" as a challenge and sources of Manipulative development:
Society thinks-Like the better looking, successful, good job people= more people like you
Positive dominance Loop "confidence stage"
Somebody is really good at something...!doesn't brag about it though
Example point of resistance "bad student"
Student fails first, second exam last day of class for Dr. Williams into his office how can I make a C? Didn't change study habits...failure to change
Feedback on how to do better in a class EXAMPLE
Studnet: How can I do better? Proffesor: You come to me and show note cards. I'll tell you what you are doing right or wrong.
Arousal theory
Suggest that humans are motivated to seek in optimal level of arousal, or alertness and engagement in the world.
Taking the Low Road =
The path to maladaptive living and unhappiness. Dominative Narrative
Homostasis
The tendencies for bodies to maintain a constant state through internal controls.
TAT stands for
Thematic Apperception Test
TAT explained
Thematic apperception test is a projective psychological test. Proponents of the technique assert that subjects' responses, in the narratives they make up about ambiguous pictures of people, reveal their underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world.
trait theroies
Theories that focus on personality dimensions and their influences on behavior; can be used to predict behaviors.
Eysenk
Theory of personality biologically based Personality based on levels of arousal and consciousness in reticular formation (introverts are already aroused so they seek less of it) We have three basic dimensions of personalities, expressed differently: Psychoticism [degree to which reality is distorted] Extroversion [sociability] Neuroticism [emotional stability]
Reality Testing happens under.... what?
Two Way Street
Cattell
Used factor analysis to determine surface traits and 16 source traits
Visual representation of unstructured state
Very Broken circle
Wechsler
WAIS - ("name" Adult intelligence Scale) study personal strengths and weaknesses in 11 different subjects
WAIS stands for
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
You can never have a Negative Dominance Loop with out..
a Positive Dominance Loop first
Regression
a return to a former or less developed state.
General G
general level of intellectual functioning and specifics (weakness and strengths)
Most people in Shield of Resistance will..
give up on trying to get out..
Conditional Positive Regard (Rogers)
approval, love, or acceptance granted only when a person expresses desirable behaviors and attitudes
Unstructured State "Failure" Description
attempted situation doesn't work.
Self-image is
good at school. Very pretty. Very nice.
Feature of Core beliefs=
basis of thinking
Maslow's Hierarchy
believed people move through different stages of five needs that motivate our behavior. He called these needs physiological, safety, love and belonging (social), esteem, and self-actualization. He believed each stage of need had to be met before progression to the next stage of need could occur
CBT: Evidence Based
believes that there should be evidence and hard data. Works because techniques are tested and proven.
Self Conflicted with others=
dealing with other people. worried about how people judge us and evaluate us
Feedback
defined as knowledge of results
Point of Resistance Shield 3rd "Emotional"
fear of change.
Instinct Theory
is a term used to describe a set of behaviors that are both unlearned and set in motion as the result of some environmental trigger.
What does a directive therapist do?
is a treatment method that is controlled by the psychotherapist, or that in which the psychotherapist acts as the director of the course and makes decisions on the direction, pace and ending of the therapy sessions and the course.the therapist asks questions on topics of his or her choice, interprets the answers or opinions of the client, and suggests measures or solutions that influence the client's or patient's decision making.
What does a non-directive therapist do?
is one in which the client or patient directs the course, and the therapist acts as a tracker or follower. The patient says what he or she wants to say, on topics he or she likes. The therapist observes and, instead of trying to solve the patient's problems by giving advice and suggestions, tries to establish suitable conditions under which the patient can work out his problems.
Present Centered awareness
let a thought come and slowly go.
Unstructured State "Destruction" Description
let's bad things happen again and again
Example of when success operational structure works...
makes a B + , very thrilled. Very next day took more and more notes. Something works today will work tomorrow too
Mind Reading
making assumptions about what a person thinks or feels
Common Core Belief "Must be Loved By All"
needs everyone loves you.
Ratio equals
number
Maladaptive=
our development is harmful to us.
Memories
persons, things, or events that you can remember
Schachter-Singer Theory
physiological arousal and cognitive labeling
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Albert Ellis beliefs
realized that the laws of causality does not apply to humans.We have the ability to think and thinking can greatly change the way of a situation.
Luck
right place right time
Examples of "immediate failure" (Provisional Structure)
runs from a bully, but not fast enough. Bad on test, still takes just casual notes. Fails because person keeps doing what they are doing.
Common Core Beliefs "One "Right" Answer"
sees something in only one way. and that is the way it should be. Only can get a high A on the test.
Heuristics are
simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently. -is a problem-solving approach that employs a "rule of thumb' or broad application of strategy
Validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
Reliability
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting -can be determined when someone takes the same personality assessment more than once and the results don't change.
multiple intelligence individualizing
the idea that there are different types of intelligence that are independent of one another
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
James-Lange Theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
drive theories
the view that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs
A person's (head) is looking at what
their thought
Initiating Cause=
what happens to you?
Self Think is
when self talk moves into action