UNIT 2 [pt.2]
100. In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the United States Supreme Court ruled that a Georgia law violated the U.S. Constitution. In response to Chief Justice John Marshall's majority opinion, President Andrew Jackson said, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." Which of the following ideas regarding government does President Jackson's statement exhibit? A Since the Supreme Court has no enforcement mechanism, the executive and legislative branches can restrict its decisions by delaying their implementation. B When the Supreme Court takes an activist approach to decision making, it can influence policy. C Constitutional amendments have granted the Supreme Court greater power to enforce its decisions. D Unpopular Supreme Court Justices can be removed by a two-thirds vote in Congress and a presidential signature.
A
101. The expansion of the executive branch since 1939 has affected the separation of powers by A increasing presidential control over the legislative process B increasing the power of the media as a result of more frequent presidential press conferences C reducing the power of the Supreme Court through the use of executive orders D giving more power to interest groups than to parties E making senatorial approval of presidential appointees ceremonial
A
103. To be sure, the President's control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration [1901-1909]. Which of the following is a difference between the power of nineteenth-century presidents and that of the modern president according to the passage? A Presidents in the nineteenth century had to contend with congressional committees, which had significant powers in foreign affairs. B Modern presidents have acquired the power of the purse, which allows them to spend freely on foreign affairs. C Modern presidents must win wars in order to keep members of Congress from criticizing their foreign policy. D Presidents in the nineteenth century were more likely to support intervention in foreign affairs.
A
105. Which statement best explains the information in the graphic? A The secretary was confirmed by a partisan vote. B Confirmation was blocked by one party. C Independents swayed the vote for the majority. D Attempts at compromise were unsuccessful.
A
108. Federal budget entitlements refer to spending A to provide individual benefits established by legislation B by legislators on trips to home states to confer with constituents C by congressional staff while traveling on official business D on behalf of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness E targeted to benefit residents of specific congressional districts
A
125. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of procedures in the House of Representatives and procedures in the Senate? House of Representatives / Senate A The Rules Committee decides how long debate will be on most bills. / The minority can use the filibuster to defeat a bill. B The House approves revenue bills passed by the Senate first. / The Senate operates with less formality than the House. C The House passes articles of impeachment against a president or member of the federal courts. / The Senate initiates all bills that deal with the federal budget. D The Speaker of the House is the most powerful member of the chamber. / The minority leader is the most powerful member of the chamber.
A
127. Elections for the House of Representative provide A approximately equal representation for every voter B an equal chance of getting elected for both incumbents and challengers C a system in which only those candidates who receive a majority of the votes cast win on the first ballot D proportional representation based on the percentage of votes cast for each party E proportional representation of racial and ethnic minorities
A
129. If a bill reaches the floor for debate and a member of the minority party opposes the bill, which of the following provides greater leverage to a senator than to a member of the House to block passage of the bill? A The Senate allows for unlimited floor debate that can hold up a vote, while the House has strict limits on debate. B The Senate is more collegial than the House, so members can easily gain support from the opposing party. C The Senate allows for discharge petitions that force the bill out of committee, while the House does not. D The Senate is much less likely than the House to have party-line votes, so nonpartisan coalitions are more likely to form.
A
132. "In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the text by Schlesinger and The Federalist 70 ? A While Schlesinger views centralization of power in the presidency as dangerous, The Federalist 70 views it as vital to the presidency's effectiveness. B While The Federalist 70 views centralization of power in the presidency as dangerous, Schlesinger views it as vital to the presidency's effectiveness. C Both Schlesinger and The Federalist 70 view centralization of power in the presidency as dangerous. D Both Schlesinger and The Federalist 70 view centralization of power in the presidency as vital to the presidency's effectiveness.
A
142. Based on your knowledge and the diagram, which of the following is true regarding the leadership structure of Congress? A The role of the minority leader in both the House of Representatives and the Senate is to coordinate a strategy for the minority party. B The vice president is responsible for creating and setting the legislative agenda for the Senate. C The Speaker of the House has very little power to control members of the majority party in the House of Representatives. D The majority leaders in both chambers work to ensure that a bipartisan agenda is passed in the Congress.
A
143. All of the following are formal or informal sources of presidential power EXCEPT A presidential authority to raise revenue B presidential access to the media C precedents set during previous administrations D public support E the Constitution
A
161. The president cannot veto which of the following? A Joint resolutions that propose constitutional amendments B Laws overturning United States Supreme Court decisions C Legislation regulating congressional salaries D Legislation affecting foreign policy E Bills that originate in the Senate
A
166. Which of the following did the Supreme Court establish in Marbury v. Madison ? A The Supreme Court can declare federal legislation invalid if the legislation violates the Constitution. B Each state has the right to set up and run its own court system. C All the powers that are not explicitly given by the Constitution to Congress belong to the states. D Any president who commits treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors can be impeached. E The Constitution can only be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members of the House of Representatives.
A
170. After extensive polling, a member of the House of Representatives learns that her constituents favor environmental policies that conserve land use. Based on this information, the representative votes in favor of an environmental conservation bill, although she personally opposes the provision. In doing so, she is acting as a A delegate B trustee C politico D committee chair
A
172. Nominations to the Supreme Court must be approved by a A simple majority vote in the Senate only B simple majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate C two-thirds vote in the House of Representatives only D two-thirds vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate E two-thirds vote in the House of Representatives and the Senate and a majority of the sitting justices on the Supreme Court
A
90. Which of the following is an example of congressional oversight? A Holding hearings for review of an executive agency's activities B Assisting constituents with particular problems C Reporting campaign contributions to the Federal Election Commission D Signing trade agreements with other countries without input from the president E Conducting ethics investigations of congressional leadership
A
94. Which of the following is true of an executive agreement made between a United States President and another head of state? A It does not require Senate approval, but may require congressional allocation of funds for implementation. B It does not require congressional funding because the President can use the power of the purse to raise implementation funds. C It has more legal force than a treaty. D It is binding on all succeeding Presidents and Congresses.
A
95. Executive agreements have been cited as evidence that A modern presidents often try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority B the executive branch has become too large and bureaucratic C presidents have less power in handling foreign policy than in handling domestic policy D interest groups have too much power in the contemporary governmental system E the courts have few means of limiting presidential power
A
97. Which of the following is an example of the executive branch implementing a public policy passed by Congress? A The Department of Health and Human Services determines eligibility requirements for government assistance. B As chief diplomat, the president negotiates a treaty that is then ratified by the Senate. C A Federal Trade Commission official is asked to testify before Congress about the agency's activities. D Congress passes a law reorganizing the structure of the federal bureaucracy.
A
104. To be sure, the President's control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration [1901-1909]. Which of the following statements describes the author's main argument in the passage? A Congress must reassert its responsibility to declare war in order to ensure a balance of power. B Presidential power in foreign policy has expanded since the beginning of the twentieth century. C The Korean War was a turning point in presidential power. D The acquisition of the Panama Canal gave the president undisputed power over foreign policy.
B
112.In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton states, "A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning." Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this statement? A Baker v. Carr (1962) B Marbury v. Madison (1803) C Shaw v. Reno (1993) D McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
B
113.Fiscal policies refer to the government's power to A regulate specific industries B tax and spend C reapportion congressional seats D control the supply of money E enforce treaties
B
120. Which of the following correctly identifies an implication of the line graph? A Presidents are far more likely to make changes to the bureaucracy at the end of a second term than at the beginning of a first term. B Congress is more likely to act on a president's policy proposal at the beginning of a first term than at the end of a second term. C The Supreme Court is more likely to rule on an important case at the beginning of a first term than at the end of a second term. D Presidents are more likely to send troops into conflict at the end of a second term than at the beginning of a first term.
B
121. Which of the following statements reflects a pattern in the line graph? A Nixon had the highest approval ratings of any president in the graph. B Most presidents exit office with lower approval ratings than when they entered office. C Most presidents begin their term with approval ratings lower than 50%. D Eisenhower had the lowest approval ratings of any president in the graph.
B
123. Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from the data in the table? A Support for the Vietnam War led Congress to hold more hearings to discuss increases in expenditures on the military effort. B Public concern over the Vietnam War led Congress to hold more hearings to consider using the power of the purse to influence the conduct of the war. C The public reaction to the September 11 terrorist attacks led to many hearings to limit federal expenditures to fight terrorism. D The number of hearings have increased in the House of Representatives because members have become more dependent on political action committees.
B
124. Which of the following is an accurate description of the powers of the House of Representatives and the Senate? House of Representatives / Senate A Conducts impeachment trials / Passes articles of impeachment B Initiates all revenue bills / Confirms presidential appointments C Ratifies treaties submitted by the president / Ratifies executive orders submitted by the president D Deploys troops for foreign combat / Negotiates treaties with foreign countries
B
131. "In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. Based on the passage above, which of the following constitutional provisions would the author most likely identify as a solution to the problem of the imperial presidency? A Congress exercising the power to regulate commerce B Congress insisting that it declare war prior to the use of international force C The president making stronger use of bureaucratic discretion D Congress creating term limits for all members of government
B
133. "In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. Which of the following situations best reflects the author's concern about an "imperial" presidency? A The Senate ratifying treaties without executive approval B The president issuing an increasing number of executive agreements C Congress declaring war independent of the president D The president appointing a new secretary of education
B
139. Which of the following describes the president's Cabinet? A It consists of career civil servants with decades of experience in government service. B Its members have varying levels of influence on presidential decisions. C Its members hold office for fixed terms that coincide with the president's. D Its members must be selected from among current or former members of Congress. E Its members are required to approve presidential policy decisions.
B
144. Lobbyists from the Airlines for America, an advocacy group that represents commercial airlines, work with members of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and officials from the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to discuss a new policy that addresses issues of airline safety. This scenario best illustrates A a political action committee B an iron triangle C a social movement D an independent expenditure
B
154. Even with large majorities of their own party in Congress, presidents experience difficulty in exercising legislative leadership because A the president must compete against state governors for influence B the weak nature of political parties hampers the president's ability to control Congress C the president's use of the veto is ineffective with Congress D individual members of Congress attract greater publicity when challenging the president E the president seldom addresses the same issues as members of Congress
B
155. The role Congress plays in ensuring that executive branch agencies are carrying out their legislated responsibilities is known as A judicial review B legislative oversight C bicameralism D federalism E executive privilege
B
156. Which of the following statements about Congress is true? A Members of Congress only occasionally are interested in and pay attention to constituents. B The legislative process is frequently lengthy, decentralized, and characterized by compromise and bargaining. C Lobbyists and political action committees (PAC's) successfully induce most members of Congress to trade their votes for campaign contributions. D The growth in the size of Congress as an organization is the principal cause of growth in the federal budget deficit. E Debate in both houses is structured by elaborate rules enacted by leaders of the majority party.
B
160. Which of the following is an accurate conclusion based on the pattern shown in the bar chart? A Changing national priorities have caused a drop in spending for the Department of Homeland Security. B Special circumstances in 2005 and 2018 led Congress to approve supplemental appropriations. C Bureaucratic rule making has led to a gradual increase in supplemental appropriations over time. D Ideological divisions in Congress have led to gradual increases in annual appropriations.
B
163. Which of the following sections of the United States Constitution is most related to the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) ? A Article I B Article III C The First Amendment D The Tenth Amendment
B
169. A member of Congress votes in favor of a bill as a result of receiving many letters of support for the bill from constituents. Which form of democratic representation best describes this voting decision? A Trustee B Delegate C Elite D Pluralist
B
173. The number of justices on the United States Supreme Court is set by A national convention B Congress C the president D the United States Constitution E the American Bar Association
B
174. Which of the following statements is best supported by the line graph? A The number of vetoes has generally increased since 1945, even though the number of bills passed by Congress has decreased. B The number of vetoes has generally decreased since 1945, but so has the number of bills passed by Congress. C The number of vetoes has generally decreased since 1945, but the number of bills passed by Congress has increased. D The number of vetoes has generally increased since 1945, but so has the number of bills passed by Congress.
B
87. The United States Constitution says that Congress has the power to coin money.This is an example of A an enumerated power B an implied power C an inherent power D a reserved power E a concurrent power
B
89. The majority party in the Senate is concerned that the Supreme Court has made a number of ideologically dangerous and controversial rulings. Which of the following actions could be taken by the Senate to limit the Supreme Court's power? A Replace the chief justice of the Supreme Court with someone with whom they agree with ideologically B Pass legislation already passed by the House that would limit the impact of the Supreme Court's recent rulings C Ratify a constitutional amendment limiting the Supreme Court's power D Enforce term limits for justices on the Supreme Court
B
92. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are examples of A cabinet departments B independent agencies C Executive Office bureaus D congressional committees E White House staff agencies
B
98. In 2012, after negotiations on a bill in Congress failed, President Obama issued an executive order that protected from deportation individuals illegally brought to the United States as children by their parents. The president took this action because A the executive order would require Congress to bring a bill regarding illegal immigration to the floor for a vote B disagreement between congressional leaders and the president on the issue meant that a compromise on a bill was not likely C the president was reacting to a Supreme Court decision that required him to do something to protect these individuals D the Constitution clearly gives the president control over the legal status of immigrants in the United States
B
102. To be sure, the President's control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration [1901-1909]. Which of the following explains why the author believes presidential power has expanded? A Congress has passed legislation requesting that the president take on a stronger leadership role in foreign affairs. B The media has influenced public opinion to support the president's unrestrained control of foreign policy. C The United States has emerged as a global power, which has enhanced the power of the president in foreign affairs. D The chief executive's role as defender of freedom and democracy has promoted support for a more active presidency.
C
106. In 2013 a parliamentary procedure was implemented in the Senate that allowed a simple majority vote to end debate on Cabinet member confirmations. Which of the following best explains how the procedural change relates to the information in the graphic? A If the procedural change had not occurred, the nomination of Tom Price would have been approved without delay. B The procedural change resulted in Democratic senators adding pork barrel legislation to the appropriations bill that funds the Department of Health and Human Services. C If the procedural change had not occurred, Republican senators would not have been able to immediately invoke cloture of a filibuster. D The procedural change required Republican senators to nominate a different person for secretary of Health and Human Services.
C
114. Policy that describes the impact of the federal budget (including taxes, spending, and borrowing) on the economy is referred to as which of the following? A Monetary policy B Trade policy C Fiscal policy D Antitrust policy E Capitalist policy
C
117. Which of the following best describes gerrymandering? A The party in power wins four or five surrounding districts by very small margins. B The Supreme Court requires that state legislatures must adopt the doctrine of one person, one vote. C The party in control of the state legislature draws district boundaries in such a way as to favor its own candidates in subsequent elections. D By polling voters, party officials are able to determine how citizens will vote. E The public decides which issues are most important and tells the elected officials how to vote on specific bills.
C
118. Which of the following statements about gerrymandering is true? A It has been banned by United States Supreme Court decisions beginning with Baker v.Carr. B It was used traditionally to maintain urban control of the House of Representatives. C It can be used by a political party to draw boundary lines to control as many districts as possible. D It guarantees greater constituency control over elected representatives. E It ensures liberal control of the House of Representatives.
C
126. Despite concerns raised by her constituents, a member of the House of Representatives votes in favor of a bill, believing that in the long term it is in the best interest of her constituents. This is an example of which of the following models of representation? A Delegate B Politico C Trustee D Virtual
C
130. "In the last years presidential primacy, so indispensable to the political order, has turned into presidential supremacy. Which of the following statements is a correct implication of the author's argument? A The modern president has abused the power of the executive branch through the use of the bully pulpit. B Federal courts play a substantial role in the American political system, but they have been unable to check the executive. C The perception of multiple crises has led to the growth of an executive branch that is undermining the separation of powers in the government. D The Constitution has failed to protect the separation of powers by giving the executive branch and the president too much power.
C
138. Which of the following statements about the Senate is true? A Each state is represented in the Senate according to its population. B The Senate, unlike the House, has a Rules Committee. C Individual senators can exercise substantial influence over the legislative process. D The Senate has a strict time limit on debates. E The Senate is more responsible than the House for initiating appropriations legislation.
C
141. A new president has been elected after running on a campaign of lowering taxes and reducing spending on discretionary programs but now must work with Congress to ensure legislation passes which achieves those goals. Which of the leaders in the diagram plays the most crucial role in shaping the legislation that the president wants passed? A President pro-tempore B Vice president C Speaker of the House D House majority leader.
C
147. The idea that judges ought to freely strike down laws that are inconsistent with their understanding of the Constitution is known as A original intent B judicial restraint C judicial activism D judicial review E stare decisis
C
150. Which of the following describes the origin of the United States court system presented in the diagram? A Article II of the Constitution established the three-tiered court system and the jurisdiction of each court in each tier. B McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) allowed the Supreme Court to establish other federal courts. C Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, while other federal courts were established by Congress. D Marbury v. Madison (1803) allowed Congress to create other federal courts.
C
151. Which of the following statements best explains the diagram? A The United States District Court is the starting place for all cases going to the United States Supreme Court. B State supreme courts have the final say in all cases arising in the states. C Cases arising at both the state and federal level may be appealed to the United States Supreme Court. D The number of federal courts is greater than the number of state courts.
C
153. Congress passes a law requiring that all public accommodations provide access for people with disabilities. The United States Supreme Court rules that the law does not apply to the airline industry. Which of the following is the best way for Congress to provide people with disabilities access to the airline industry in light of the Court's ruling? A Appeal the ruling to the United States Court of Appeals B Override the court with a two-thirds majority in both chambers C Pass a new law that specifies that the airlines must provide access for people with disabilities D Remove members of the Supreme Court who ruled against the law and have the president appoint new justices
C
158. The House Rules Committee is an important part of the legislative process because it A determines ethics rules for members' conduct B determines whether a bill should be referred to a policy committee for consideration C determines the terms and conditions of debate when a bill goes to the House floor D has the authority to limit the Speaker and Minority leader in their use of patronage E negotiates compromises on bills with the Senate Rules Committee
C
159. Which of the following explains how Congress would most likely respond if it were concerned about the slight increase in spending over time, as indicated by the bar chart? A Congress could vote to remove the secretary of Homeland Security. B Congress could hold a special joint session to discuss potential solutions. C Congress could vote to reduce spending on the Department of Homeland Security in the next year's budget. D Congress could pass a constitutional amendment limiting appropriations.
C
162 . The practice in Congress whereby Representative A promises to vote for Representative B's legislation, provided that Representative B will support Representative A's legislation, is referred to as A personal casework and services B partisan discipline C logrolling D pork barrel legislation E filibustering
C
168. Which of the following is a unique power held by members of the Senate? A Control of the veto B Control of the appropriations process C The ability to filibuster D The ability to impeach the president E The ability to work with a clearly defined constituency
C
171. Most of the bills introduced in the House and the Senate are then A passed by one chamber but not the other B passed by both chambers but vetoed by the President C referred to committee but never sent to the full Congress D voted down during the amendment stage of the floor debate E killed in the Rules Committee
C
91. Which of the following scenarios is an example of the trustee model of representation? A The NAACP leadership sends representatives to Washington to lobby for changes to the Voting Rights Act. B Congress passes a bill allocating money to clean up nuclear waste sites after a wave of large-scale peaceful protests. C A member of Congress votes to close a popular tax loophole based on the belief that the money would be better spent paying down the national debt. D A presidential candidate advocates using an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors.
C
93. The mission of the Department of Transportation is to ensure the safety and efficiency of the transportation system. The Department of Transportation has accepted public comments regarding the safety of automated vehicles in the United States in order to establish standards and guidelines for this new technology. Which of the following concepts is most related to the scenario? A Exclusive powers B Reserved powers C Delegated discretionary authority D Enumerated legislative authority
C
96. Shortly after the 2008 election, President Obama appointed outspoken and controversial House member Rahm Emanuel to lead his White House as chief of staff, the head of the Executive Office of the President. The selection drew criticism from Republican leaders, including House minority leader John Boehner, who remarked that the selection "is an ironic choice for a president-elect who has promised to change Washington, make politics more civil, and govern from the center." Which of the following explains how Congress could legitimately respond to the appointment? A The Senate could refuse to confirm the appointment. B The House of Representatives could filibuster the nomination. C The Rules Committee could refuse to release the bill that made the appointment. D Members of Congress could issue statements opposing the appointment but have no formal power to block it.
C
99. Since the 1970's, Presidents have made use of executive orders at an increasing rate because executive orders A are noncontroversial measures that can be easily implemented B are rarely defeated in Congress C do not need to be passed by Congress D avoid judicial review E must be ratified by the Senate rather than by the House
C
107. In The Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the federal judiciary "is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power." Which of the following statements represents a reason he gave for this argument? A It has the power of the sword and the power of judgment but lacks the power of the purse. B Each branch must be given the ability to defend its power and check the others. C The federal government is further from the people and thus less accountable. D It must depend on the executive for enforcement of its decisions.
D
109. Which of the following is true of most federal judges appointed by the president? A They serve ten-year terms. B They serve as long as the appointing president stays in power. C They serve for life on good behavior unless removed by the president. D They serve for life on good behavior unless impeached and convicted by Congress. E They serve for life and are not subject to congressional impeachment.
D
111.The Federalist No. 78 says, "A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning, as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body." In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court use an argument most similar to the one in The Federalist No. 78 ? A McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) B Schenck v. United States (1919) C Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) D Marbury v. Madison (1803)
D
115. Which of the following identifies the formal procedure for ending a filibuster? A Oversight B Logrolling C Pocket veto D Cloture E Discharge petition
D
116. Which of the following is generally true of the gerrymandering of congressional districts? A It results in more Democrats being elected to the House. B It results in more Republicans being elected to the House. C It guarantees that all minority parties will be equally represented. D It creates districts that favor one political party over another. E It violates the principle of one-person, one-vote.
D
119. Establishing the boundaries of United States congressional districts to give one party an advantage over another party is referred to as A raiding B apportionment C reapportionment D gerrymandering E filibustering
D
122. Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of the processes that generally facilitate gridlock and those that facilitate governmental action? Facilitates Gridlock / Facilitates Action A Gerrymandering / Partisanship B Ideological news sources / Bicameral legislature C Bully pulpit / Judicial review D Checks and balances / Executive orders
D
128. Which of the following committees of the House of Representatives sets the conditions for debate and amendment of most legislation? A Ways and Means B Appropriations C Judiciary D Rules E Government Operations
D
135. When independent regulatory agencies make rules, enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constitutional concept of A equal protection of the laws B due process of law C federal supremacy D separation of powers E federalism
D
136. When independent regulatory agencies make rules, enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constitutional concept of A equal protection of the laws B due process of law C federal supremacy D separation of powers E federalism
D
140. A member of the House of Representatives who wishes to be influential in the House itself would most likely seek a place on which of the following committees? A Agriculture B International Relations C Transportation and Infrastructure D Rules E Veterans' Affairs
D
145. In the process and structure of public policymaking, "iron triangles" refer to the A bargaining and negotiating process between the President and Congress about the direction of domestic policy B dominance of corporate power in setting the national policy agenda for economic expansion C interrelationship among federal, state, and local levels of government in the policy process D networks of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups that strongly influence the policy process E group of presidential advisers who formulate the President's foreign policy agenda
D
148. The Supreme Court's power of judicial review permits the Court to overrule all of the following EXCEPT A lower-court decisions B state legislation C acts of Congress D the Bill of Rights E executive orders
D
149. In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court used the power of judicial review established in Marbury v. Madison (1803) to strike down a Georgia state law that regulated the relationship between citizens of Georgia and members of the Cherokee Nation. President Andrew Jackson opposed the decision and challenged the Supreme Court to enforce it. This example illustrates which of the following? A The president can approve or veto decisions made by the Supreme Court. B States are not required to follow the decisions of the national Supreme Court. C Congress can prevent Supreme Court decisions from being enforced by appropriating money to the Department of Justice. D Unpopular Supreme Court decisions can lead to debate about the court's power.
D
152. The largest source of federal revenue is the A capital gains tax B Social Security tax C property tax D income tax E sales tax
D
157. Which of the following are differences between the legislative process in the House of Representatives and that in the Senate? I. Debate is more restricted on the House floor than on the Senate floor. II. The amendment process is more restricted in the House than in the Senate. III. Bills are more likely to bybass committee consideration in the House than in the Senate. IV. A Rules Committee sets the guidelines for floor debate in the House but not in the Senate. A III only B I and II only C II and IV only D I, II, and IV only
D
164. The Supreme Court's decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) relates to foundational documents in which of the following ways? A The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution reserves powers to the states, and Marbury v. Madison deals with whether the Supreme Court B The Declaration of Independence describes circumstances in which people may demand a redress of grievances, and Marbury v. Madison is about whether courts can resolve these crises. C The Federalist 10 describes how the expanded scope of the national government can alleviate the problems of factions, and Marbury v. Madison uses the national government to negotiate a compromise between two rival factions. D The Federalist 78 is about the power and role of the federal courts, and in Marbury v. Madison, Madison expands that role by giving the courts the power to determine whether laws or executive actions conflict with the Constitution.
D
165. In Marburv v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court assumed the power to A decide whether internal congressional procedures are constitutional B advise Congress on the constitutionality of a proposed law C regulate slavery D decide on the constitutionality of a law or an executive action E approve executive agreements
D
167. Which of the following situations best illustrates the meaning of divided government in the United States political system? A The majority of Supreme Court justices are from one party, but the president is from another. B The majority of governors are from one party, but the president is from another. C The president and a majority of members of Congress are from one party, but the majority of governors are from another. D The majority of senators and the majority of representatives are from one party, but the president is from another. E The majority of Supreme Court justices are from one party, but the majority of senators and representatives are from another.
D
110.Federal spending for which of the following is determined by laws that lie outside the regular budgetary process? A Military procurement B Regulatory agency funding C Government-subsidized housing programs D Educational assistance programs such as student loans E Entitlement programs such as Social Security
E
134. All of the following have contributed to an increase in presidential power in the post-1945 era EXCEPT A tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War period B an increase in public expectations for services from the federal government C economic and domestic problems such as inflation, unemployment, and civil rights issues D increasing United States involvement in international affairs E legislation granting the President the power to impound funds appropriated by Congress
E
146. Which of the following best defines the term "judicial activism"? A The demands on judges to hear large numbers of cases B The efforts of judges to lobby Congress for funds C The attempts by judges to influence election outcomes D The unwillingness of judges to remove themselves from cases in which they have a personal interest E The tendency of judges to interpret the Constitution according to their own views
E
88. If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, but which the president has not yet signed, what is the result? A Line-item veto B Legislative veto C Executive veto D Judicial review E Pocket veto
E