Unit 2 section C

Chemical Reaction

A Importance of chemical reactions in living organisms

Definition of Activation Energy

Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, acting as a barrier to the reaction

Example

Amylase is an enzyme in your saliva that helps break down starch (found in foods like bread) into sugars

Things about Catalysts

By reducing the activation energy, catalysts enable reactions to take place at lower temperatures, which is essential for biological functions They don't get used up! You can keep using the same catalyst over and over again In the process of making ammonia (for fertilizers), iron acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen

What are Catalysts in Chemical Reactions?

Catalysts are substances that help speed up chemical reactions without being changed or used up during the reaction Making them crucial in biological systems

Difference between Catalysts and Enzymes

Catalysts can be anything (like metals or chemicals) and are used in many places (factories, cars) Enzymes are biological catalysts (made by living things) and are important for life Catalysts and enzymes are like helpers that make reactions go faster and more efficiently!

How do Catalysts work?

Chemical reactions need a certain amount of energy to get started, called activation energy. Catalysts lower the activation energy, so the reaction can happen faster Decreased activation energy requirement

Types of reactions based on energy changes

Endothermic reactions-These reactions absorb energy from their surroundings, leading to a decrease in temperature (photosynthesis) Exothermic reactions-These reactions release energy, causing an increase in temperature (combustion of fuels)

Energy changes in Chemical Reactions

Energy absorption for bond breaking Energy must be absorbed to break chemical bonds, which is why some reactions require heat input to proceed

What are Enzymes?

Enzymes are a special kind of catalyst found in living things. They are proteins that help speed up reactions in your body

Role of Animal cells in energy production

In cellular respiration, animal cells break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water This process occurs in the Mitochondrion

Chemical Equilibrium-Explanation of reactants being used up

In reversible reactions, reactants can be converted into products and products can revert back into reactants, leading to a dynamic balance known as equilibrium

Analyzing Chemical Reactions

Inputs and Outputs

How does Enzymes work?

Just like other catalysts, enzymes lower the activation energy, making reactions happen faster. Each enzyme is specific to one reaction like a key fits into a specific lock Enzymes are essential for many processes in your body, like digestion and energy production

Definition of reactants and products

Process of breaking and forming chemical bonds During a reaction, energy is required to break bonds in reactants, and energy is released when new bonds are formed in products This energy change is crucial for understanding reaction dynamics

Formation of products

Products are the end materials produced after the reaction has taken place

Definition of reactants

Reactants are the initial materials that participate in a chemical reaction, undergoing transformation

Importance of reversible reactions in homeostasis

Reversible reactions are vital for maintaining stable internal conditions in living organisms allowing them to respond to environment changes effectively

Demos

Students will conduct hands- on experiments, such as mixing vinegar and baking soda to observe gas production and temperature changes, enhancing their understanding of chemical reactions

Reading assignments and discussion questions

Students will read about chemical equilibrium and discuss its significance in processes like respiration and photosynthesis

Conservation of matter in reactions

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed Therefore, the mass of reactants before the reaction equals the mass of products after the reaction

Importance of activation energy in starting reactions

The amount of activation energy needed influences the rate of the reaction; reactions with high activation energy proceed slowly unless sufficient energy is provided

Definition of Products

The new substances formed as a result of the reaction (Water in the previous example)

Definition of Reactants

The substances that undergo change in a chemical reaction (Hydrogen and oxygen in the formation of water)

Chemical reactions are fundamental for life processes, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction

They facilitate energy tranformations, allowing cells to preform functions such as movement, communication, and repair

Role of plant in energy production

Through photosynthesis, planes convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct This process occurs in chloroplasts

Energy release during bond formation

When new bonds form, energy is released, often resulting in an increase in temperature or the emission of light