unit 3 biology
is oxygen necessary for the production of ATP in out cells
yes, energy can be transferred from glucose molecules being broken down in glycolysis to power the krebs cycle
do all organisms depend on the sun as their energy source?
yes, even the ones that get their energy in different ways
What is a carnivore?
An animal that only eats other animals
what are the inputs of cellular respiration
glucose and oxygen
what are the outputs of photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
what is ths transfer of energy and matter in photosynthesis
h2o goes into light dependent reactions and out comes o2 nadph and atp then go to light independant reaction where c02 goes in and glucose come out and then adp and nadp+ goes to light dependant reaction and is a cycle.
Which of these is the result of producers performing photosynthesis?
makes oxygen available for cellular respiration, transfers carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, and transfers energy from sunlight to consumers.
in a prairie ecosystem, what has the most stored energy for use by other organisms
prairie grass
Which of these are abiotic factors that could influence the flow of matter and energy in a biome?
sunlight, atmospheric gases, water
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
the outputs of photosynthesis are inputs of cellular respiration and the inputs for photosynthesis are the outputs for cellular respiration
how are matter and energy conserved during cellular respiration
they have the same number of molecules of the different sides of the equation
what are the outputs of cellular respiration
water, carbon dioxide, and energy
Select the statement that describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in terms of energy and matter.
The overall reactants and products produced in photosynthesis are consumed in cellular respiration and vice versa. Photosynthesis uses light energy to build carbon-based molecules and releases oxygen. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to break down carbon-based molecules to release energy.
Explain how this pine tree seedling will grow into a huge, magnificent tree in DETAIL.
The pine tree seedling will carry out photosynthesis and produce glucose that it stores for cellular respiration and energy. Any glucose that is left over from the seedling carrying out cellular respiration is used for growth. The size of the tree comes from CO2 that has been converted into glucose which was broken down during cellular respiration and the remaining CO2 is used for growth of the tree.
A consumer eats 1500 J of food energy. The consumer uses 15 percent of the food energy for new biomass and the rest for cellular respiration and waste. How many joules of food energy are converted to heat and excreted as waste?
1,275 J
Put the steps below in order to explain how carbon moves between the atmosphere and the biosphere in the carbon cycle.
1. plants use water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis. 2. animals and plants release carbon dioxide and water as a result of cellular respiration 3. cellular respiration transforms glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water 4. animals and plants use glucose and oxygen for cellular respiration 5. carbon dioxide is released by plants and animals and moves in the biosphere
put in order (bottom to top)
10,000 freshwater fish, 1,000 bleak, 100 perch, 10 northern pike, 1 osprey
A consumer eats 1500 J of food energy. The consumer uses 15 percent of the food energy for new biomass and the rest for cellular respiration and waste. How many joules of food energy were converted into new biomass?
225 J
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
A consumer eats 1500 J of food energy. The consumer uses 15 percent of the food energy for new biomass and the rest for cellular respiration and waste. What percentage of the food energy was converted to heat and excreted as waste?
85%
An increase in energy can change the dynamics of a system. Explain how alterations to the carbon cycle result in an increase in the amount of energy contained in the Earth system. Select the statements that explain how this addition of energy would affect the cycling of matter in other biogeochemical cycles.
An increase in carbon as atmospheric carbon dioxide causes an increase in global temperatures due to the greenhouse effect. These increasing temperatures cause greater evaporation in the hydrologic cycle, An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide can cause plants to die from increased temperatures. As plants die, so do the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots, removing a large component of the ammonification process in the nitrogen cycle, and forests are carbon sinks, which sequester carbon in their biomass. Deforestation results in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere. Fewer trees also means less oxygen is being produced during the oxygen cycle.
What is an omnivore?
An organism that eats both plants and animals
Decomposers are an important part of many biogeochemical cycles. Some carry out aerobic respiration, and some use anaerobic respiration as they break down organic matter. Explain why decomposers are so crucial for the cycling of matter in ecosystems.
Decomposers return matter stored in living things to the soil. This allows matter to be "recycled" so that producers can again take it up.
Describe how energy and matter flow, interact, and change forms throughout the Earth system.
Energy enters the Earth system when it is captured by photosynthetic organisms, which capture and store it as chemical energy when they convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars. Consumers eat these organisms, using the energy contained in their matter to grow and reproduce. Energy that is not used is excreted in waste or transformed into heat and lost to the environment, or stored. When organisms die, their matter is recycled back into the system by decomposers .
What is the relationship between a food chain and trophic levels?
Food chains illustrate the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next.
Which food chain correctly describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
Fruit → insect → sparrow → hawk
There is evidence that the increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are affecting phytoplankton, microscopic photosynthetic organisms in the ocean. Explain how the carbon cycle might be affected if phytoplankton were to decrease in number.
If phytoplankton were to decrease in number, the amount of carbon dioxide in the oceans would increase. At the same time, the amount of carbon being transferred from phytoplankton to zooplankton and cycling through the food web would decrease.
Which of the following terms are in the correct order, from smallest to largest?
Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere, Earth
The cell is a system in which processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration take place so that the cell can survive and maintain homeostasis. Although photosynthesis occurs only in certain producers, how does this process contribute to the survival of other organisms, including humans?
Photosynthesis produces sugars that are required to fuel cellular respiration. Without these sugars, humans would not be able to produce energy for cellular functions, photosynthesis produces oxygen, without which cellular respiration does not occur, and without oxygen, cells could only undergo lactic acid fermentation. After a prolonged period of time, cells would begin to die from a buildup of lactic acid and a lack of ATP.
In a pyramid of numbers, the highest-order organism has the smallest number of individuals in an ecological community. What might happen if the population of this organism increased significantly?
The population would eventually die off, because they would overhunt lower-level organisms, and the populations of lower-ordered organisms would dramatically decrease and may go extinct in the area due to the increased predation.
Consider a pyramid model with a producer level, a primary consumer level, a secondary consumer level, and a tertiary consumer level. Which of the following statements are correct?
The sun is the ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem. Matter cycles and is generally conserved within or among ecosystems. Energy flows through ecosystems, but only a certain amount of energy is transformed into biomass (growth).
Why is a desert in North America considered to be the same biome as a desert in Africa?
They have similar climates.
A student thinks that populations higher in a food chain are larger because they deplete the populations of organisms lower in the chain. Using evidence from this lesson, explain why this student's thinking is incorrect.
This is incorrect because there are fewer organisms higher in the food chain. As energy gets transferred up the food chain, less and less energy is available to those higher-level organisms. As a result, fewer can be supported.
Recently, some areas in the United States have seen an increase in trees due to reforestation efforts. How might the carbon cycle be altered after a large-scale reforestation effort?
This would decrease the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide because the new trees would absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. and Over long periods of time, some of the carbon in these trees would undergo burial and become fossil fuels.
What is a herbivore?
an animal that only eats plants
The following are processes in the water cycle. Which of these processes are driven by energy from the sun? Select all correct answers.
evaporation, melting, and transpiration (evaporation in plants)
during which process is lactic acid formed when there is not enough oxygen present for cellular respiration
fermentation
In the carbon cycle, the role of photosynthesis is to take in ____, and the role of cellular respiration is to give off _______
carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide
what are the inputs of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
how does carbon flow between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide from glucose generated by the process of photosynthesis
