UNIT 3 EXAM

Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem?

No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will remain proper levels of calcium

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

VII, IX, and X

Loss of lens transparency is referred to as

a cataract

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) ________.

adipose tissue

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

astrocytes

The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani is the

basilar membrane

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form

calcitriol

Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exoxytosis, into the synaptic cleft?

calcium

Generally, the actions of hormones

can produce complex in physical structure and physiological changes

The midbrain has a slender CSF-filled canal known as the _____________.

cerebral aqueduct

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the

cornea

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

depolarization

Normal eye focusing is termed

emmetropia

The ____________ ventricle is associated with the pons and upper portion of the medulla oblongata.

fourth

Gustation refers to the special sense of

taste

In the middle ear, which muscle pulls on the malleolus?

tensor tympani

Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism?

thyroid

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

tyrosine

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is

vasopressin

Which spinal cord structure(s) contains the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands?

ventral roots

Receptors in the _________ provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration.

vestibule

Which of the following concerning olfaction is true?

Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons

Steroid hormones

are structurally similar to cholesterol

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

Axons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other are found in the __________.

gray commissures

A person suffering from ____________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close

hyperopia

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the

hypothalamus

The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids

The specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord are termed

spinal meninges

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation?

sweet

There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves.

31

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

astrocytes

Olfactory receptors are examples of

chemoreceptors

The fibrous layer of the eye

consists of the sclera and the cornea

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids

Which of the following are responsible for reciprocal inhibition?

interneurons in the spinal cord

The flexor reflex

is a withdrawal reflex

Which pathway provides subconscious, involuntary control of muscle tone and movements of the neck, trunk, and limbs?

medial pathway

Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?

melatonin

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

oligodendrocytes

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called

perception

All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the __________ nervous system.

peripheral

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the ________.

pineal gland

The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following?

pons

An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS is called a(n)

preganglionic neuron

The Golgi tendon organs are examples of which of the following?

proprioceptors

Visual pigments are derivatives of

rhodopsin