UNIT 3
Which of the following was a reason the United States government believed it necessary to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain following the American Revolution? A British activities and landholdings in North America were an impediment to western settlement and peace along the frontier. B Northerners hoped that Britain's antislavery position would pressure southern states to abolish slavery. C The Washington administration wanted to improve relations to encourage France to sell the Louisiana Territory. D The government wanted to mediate a better relationship between France and Britain to help bring peace to the European continent.
British activities and landholdings in North America were an impediment to western settlement and peace along the frontier.
Which of the following most directly led to the change in the "temper of America toward Great Britain" described in the excerpt? A A change in the British constitution B The election of a new British Parliament C British efforts to consolidate control over its colonies D An end to American Indian threats requiring British protection
British efforts to consolidate control over its colonies
The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to A the removal of British troops from Massachusetts during the French and Indian War B Parliament's passage of the Intolerable Acts C British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy D British attacks on colonial troops at Lexington and Concord E Lord Hillsborough's decision to dissolve the Massachusetts Assembly
British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy
Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to support the argument in the excerpt? A A record of deeds and land titles held by widows during the American Revolution B Statistics showing the changes in average family size before and after the Revolution C Correspondence between husbands and wives involved in Revolutionary politics D Studies comparing the literacy rates for men and women during the Revolutionary era
Correspondence between husbands and wives involved in Revolutionary politics
The desire of many colonists to assert ideals of self-government in the face of renewed British imperial efforts led to a colonial independence movement and war with Britain. Which of the following is NOT examples of self-government practice by the colonists. A House of Burgess B Colonial assemblies C 2nd Continental Congress D Dominion of New England
Dominion of New England
Someone who favored George Washington's approach to foreign policy would be most likely to object to which of the following United States policies? A Declaration of neutrality at the beginning of the First World War B Selling surplus wheat to the Soviet Union in the 1970s C Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization D Participation in international scientific conferences E Trade with the European Common Market nations
Membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following? A Provided for the annexation of the Oregon Territory. B Established reservations for Native Americans. C Granted settlers a free homestead of 160 acres. D Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states. E Banned slavery north of the 36° 30′ line.
Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states.
Which of the following contributed most directly to the change in the number of Africans transported to the New World after 1800? A The emergence of a more industrial economy in Great Britain and the United States B The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States C The increased resistance to slavery within African nations D The influence of major slave rebellions in Haiti and elsewhere
The outlawing of the international slave trade by Great Britain and the United States
Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution? A French military and financial assistance B The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action C A major American military victory at Valley Forge D Support the French Canadians E The British failure to capture Philadelphia
French military and financial assistance
What did the Northwest Ordinance accomplish? A It prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. B It resolved the boundary dispute between Virginia and Pennsylvania. C It established procedures by which territories could become states. D It guaranteed that the United States would not violate the Iroquois Confederacy's territory. E It determined how the states would distribute land and property captured from Canada during the War of 1812.
It established procedures by which territories could become states.
Which of the following was true of the French-American Alliance formed in 1778? A It contributed little to the American victory in the Revolutionary War. B It restricted French naval activity to the high seas, far from the North American coast. C It influenced the British to offer generous peace terms in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. D It allowed the French to repossess their North American colonies lost in 1763. E It specifically prohibited the deployment of French troops on North American soil.
It influenced the British to offer generous peace terms in the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
Which of the following is a true statement about the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War? A It resulted in the return of all property confiscated from Loyalists by individual American states during the war. B It recognized United States sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi, between the Great Lakes and Florida. C It led to the speedy withdrawal of all British troops from American soil. D American negotiators consistently followed the guidelines specified by the Continental Congress. E The only parties to the treaty were Great Britain and the allied nations, the United States and France.
It recognized United States sovereignty over territory east of the Mississippi, between the Great Lakes and Florida.
The concern in the petition about the effect of taxation is best understood in continuity with which of the following earlier developments? A The increased competition between the British and French in North America B The passage of gradual emancipation laws in some northern states C The revolt against British imperial control of the North American colonies D The development of opposition to the United States Constitution
The revolt against British imperial control of the North American colonies
Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties? A Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government. B Parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government. C Parties are necessary evils in any republic. D In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest groups. E A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.
Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government.
The women described in the excerpt would have most typically engaged in which of the following activities during the Revolutionary era? A Writing plays in support of independence B Campaigning for the right to vote as a wartime measure C Joining militias so that they could fight on the front lines of battle D Producing goods for the Patriot cause
Producing goods for the Patriot cause
The restrictions imposed by the Schenck decision most directly contradicted which of the following earlier developments in the United States? A Arguments for self-government asserted in the Declaration of Independence B Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791 C Assertion of federal power over states' rights in the 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland decision D Expansion of voting rights during President Andrew Jackson's administration
Protection of liberties through the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791
After the French and Indian War, Great Britain increased focus on the economic and governance of the colonies in an effort to resolve its debt. These actions went against Britain's earlier policy of: A Proclamation of 1763 B Salutary neglect C New Lights D The Halfway Covenant
Salutary neglect
The excerpt most strongly suggests that in 1774 which of the following was correct? A The American colonists were united in their desire for independence from Great Britain. B The American colonists felt the need to unite against the threat from American Indians. C Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence. D Some members of the First Continental Congress thought it would be relatively easy to unify the colonies and win independence from Great Britain.
Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise between submission to British authority and independence.
Which of the following most likely inspired the excerpt? A The Declaration of Independence B The Bill of Rights C The Stamp Act and other colonial-era taxes D The Continental Congress' position on slavery
The Declaration of Independence
In 1766 after repealing the Stamp Act Parliament asserted that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies. This is known as the: A The Townshend Acts B The Intolerable Acts C The Declaratory Act D The Parliament Plan
The Declaratory Act
Which of the following most directly addressed reservations about the process depicted in the image? A The rise of sectional unity in the new republic B The addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution C The establishment of the nation's first political parties D The election of George Washington as the nation's first president
The addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
Which of the following issues of the period was Jefferson most likely concerned with in the excerpt? A The growth of slave labor B The creation of political parties C The expansion of the right to vote D The growth of various Protestant religious groups
The creation of political parties
Paine's argument best provides evidence for which of the following developments resulting from the American Revolution? A The rapid creation of an industrialized economy in the United States B The increase in immigration from continental Europe and reduction in immigration from Great Britain C The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe D The fear among the Spanish and French that that revolutionary ideas would spread, which prompted them to abandon their colonies
The emergence of a unique American national identity separate from that of Europe
Debates over the claims of the British Parliament in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following later characteristics of the United States government? A The reservation of some governmental powers for the states B The enforcement of term limits for the president C The establishment of taxation power in Congress D The practice of judicial review by the Supreme Court
The establishment of taxation power in Congress
Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt? A The limitations placed on the federal government by the Articles of Confederation B The fear of excessive centralized authority C The efforts made to increase economic growth in the new nation D The desire to settle new territory controlled by American Indians
The fear of excessive centralized authority
Which of the following historical events in the 1790s most directly followed from the developments described in the excerpt? A Trade and manufacturing increased United States productivity and helped the federal government pay off its bonds more quickly. B George Washington's neutrality allowed the United States to trade with France, Britain, and Spain simultaneously and pay down the debt. C The federal government granted French merchants a monopoly on the sale of American tobacco to pay debts from the American Revolution. D The federal government established a new economic policy in part by assuming states' debts from the American Revolution.
The federal government established a new economic policy in part by assuming states' debts from the American Revolution.
During and immediately after the Revolutionary era, which of the following resulted most directly from the efforts of women such as those described in the excerpt? A The extension of voting rights to women nationwide B The reform of laws regarding women's property ownership C The creation of a national network of abolitionist societies D The ideal that women would teach republican values
The ideal that women would teach republican values
In which of the following ways did slavery change in the late 1700s? A The expansion of slavery into the Northwest Territory became a divisive political issue in the new United States. B The ideals of the American Revolution prompted some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery. C The argument that slavery was a positive social institution became widely accepted. D The holding of slaves as property became a symbol of social status in the North.
The ideals of the American Revolution prompted some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery.
Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following? A France for its failure to support the colonial war effort B Parliament for its continued opposition to the king of England C Politicians who believed a small island could not effectively rule a distant continent D The king of England and the principle of monarchy E The authors of the Declaration of Independence
The king of England and the principle of monarchy
The ideas expressed in the excerpt best reflect which of the following historical processes? A The desire to fund transportation improvements to settle the interior of North America B The persistence of aspects of African culture among enslaved people C The creation of alliances between Europeans and Native Americans D The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic
The transmission of Enlightenment ideals across the Atlantic
The opinion expressed in the excerpt most directly addressed which of the following concerns of the early republic? A The threat of sailors being impressed into foreign navies B The nation's direction as a manufacturing or an agricultural republic C The lack of a unified monetary system and a means to collect federal taxes D The uncertain relationship between the national government and the states
The uncertain relationship between the national government and the states
What was the primary intention of the Adams administration in enforcing the Sedition Act? A To stop illegal aliens from voting B To intimidate critics of Adams' foreign policy toward France and England C To prosecute Democratic-Republicans who violated American neutrality D To prepare for war against Great Britain E To keep France from selling Louisiana to Spain
To intimidate critics of Adams' foreign policy toward France and England
The image above could be used as evidence for: A Displacement of Native Americans in North America B Voyageurs C Robert de la Salle's voyage D Encampment in the Ohio River Valley by Native Americans
Voyageurs
Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the agreements made in the excerpt? A Fur trappers on the Pacific coast B White farmers in Kentucky C Merchants in New England D Native American leaders in Louisiana
White farmers in Kentucky
The Federalist papers challenged the conventional political wisdom of the eighteenth century when they asserted that A a republican form of government could succeed only in small countries B limitations on the popular will led to tyranny C a weak central government was the only guarantee of individual rights D a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights E political parties were crucial to the success of the new government
a large republic offered the best protection of minority rights
The image most directly reflects the belief held by many in 1788 that A a stronger central government was a positive step B political democracy had not extended far enough C rebellions in the Caribbean had the potential to spread northward D outlawing slavery in all states was a desired goal
a stronger central government was a positive step
Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it A allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans B ceded Florida to the United States C invited Americans to settle in Texas D opened Spanish Caribbean ports to American trade E withdrew Spain's military forces from the Caribbean
allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans
The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by A an advocate of republican motherhood B an Anti-Federalist C a Loyalist D an abolitionist
an Anti-Federalist
In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790's prompted A the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves B a movement of free African American's to Haiti C the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellions D an increased fear of slave revolts in the South E a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti
an increased fear of slave revolts in the South
The Federalist papers were written in order to A mobilize popular support for keeping the Articles of Confederation B persuade voters to support Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800 C frustrate Spanish efforts to sway the political loyalty of the Southwest D persuade the Continental Congress to declare independence E attain ratification of the Constitution
attain ratification of the Constitution
One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it A promoted commercial treaties with Spain and France throughout the 1700s B contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement C encouraged colonists in North America to expand trade agreements with American Indians D led to the imposition of heavy taxes on the North American colonists in the early 1700s
contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement
Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to A support his argument for a strong central government in The Federalist papers B justify revising the Articles of Confederation C convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States D substantiate his strict interpretation of the Constitution E lobby Congress for a protective tariff to promote United States industry
convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States
President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by A endorsing the economic policies of the Federalists B discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations C endorsing the two-party system D calling for strict term limits for federal officeholders E calling for the adoption of universal suffrage
discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations
Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to A western farmers B war veterans C southern planters D eastern merchants E state bankers
eastern merchants
The evidence employed in the excerpt most directly reflected the influence of the A philosophies of the Enlightenment B conflicts between European empires C growth of Protestant evangelical religious fervor D emerging criticism of perceived British corruption
philosophies of the Enlightenment
The provisions established by Pinckney's Treaty were important to the development of United States commerce because they A provided the basis for a profitable fishing enterprise along the Mississippi River B transformed the Mississippi River into an important defensive boundary against Spanish invasions C resolved a long-standing territorial dispute with the French D encouraged the development of trade through the port of New Orleans E gave the United States possession of Florida
encouraged the development of trade through the port of New Orleans
Alexander Hamilton's economic program was designed primarily to A prepare the United States for war in the event Britain failed to vacate its posts in the Northwest B provide a platform for the fledgling Federalist Party's 1792 campaign C establish the financial stability and credit of the new government D ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery E win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792
establish the financial stability and credit of the new government
During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to A rally all the states behind a common cause B convince the British of the justice of the American cause C make it easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states D facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations E allow Von Steuben, Lafayette, and other Europeans to join the American army
facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing of money from other nations
Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) by A charging immigrants a fee to relocate to North America B selling ships from its navy to colonial merchants C increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies D sponsoring expeditions to locate valuable resources
increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies
The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the A lack of American representation in the British Parliament B demand for back pay for veterans of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) C complaint about high tariffs imposed on colonial merchants for exports to Great Britain D continuing security threat posed by the French in Canada
lack of American representation in the British Parliament
Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to A levy taxes B make treaties C declare war D request troops from states E amend the Articles
levy taxes
The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT A funding of the national debt B nullification of all private debts to the states C imposition of a tax on distilled liquor D establishment of the Bank of the United States E assumption of all state debts
nullification of all private debts to the states
The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of A only a unicameral legislature B only executive and judicial branches C only legislative and judicial branches D legislative, judicial, and executive branches E only a bicameral legislature
only a unicameral legislature
The author argues that emancipation in northern states occurred A as a result of Supreme Court rulings B through amendments to state constitutions C over a long period of time D in response to widespread protests
over a long period of time
In highlighting "the safety with which error of opinion may be tolerated," Jefferson was referring most directly to A passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were designed to suppress criticism of the government B Great Britain's efforts to deny colonists their political rights in the years before the American Revolution C the use of government force to put down popular uprisings like Shays' Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion D restrictive anti-American Indian policies that conflicted with the nation's professed political ideals
passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts, which were designed to suppress criticism of the government
The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to A open British Caribbean ports to American trade B enable American citizens to trade through the port of New Orleans C overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce D provide for statehood for western territories E secure sufficient funds for payment of the national debt
provide for statehood for western territories
The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the A proportion of states permitted to practice slavery B rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation C number of African Americans who could vote D number of adult women who could vote E number of American Indians allowed citizenship
rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation
After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to A require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses B end slavery in the North American colonies C encourage colonial expansion into the Ohio Valley by moving all American Indian peoples further west D strengthen the French colonial holdings in Canada and the northwest to discourage Spanish expansion E convert all Catholic colonists to the beliefs of the Anglican Church
require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses
The views expressed in the excerpt contributed most directly to A the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted B a series of rebellions and revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America C the elimination of the international slave trade D the creation of a strong central government
the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that A only the United States Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and press B the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional C only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be acted on by Congress D Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal opposition" political party E the "supremacy clause" of the Constitution applied only to foreign affairs
the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional
France negotiated a treaty of alliance with the new American nation in 1778 following A the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga B American naval victories on the Great Lakes C the dispatch of an American peace mission to Britain D an ultimatum by American diplomats E a personal plea by George Washington
the defeat of the British General Burgoyne at Saratoga
By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in A the people B Parliament C state governments D factions E a centralized government
the people
The American colonists' slogan "No taxation without representation" was a rejection of A salutary neglect B nativism C mercantilism D virtual representation E classical republicanism
virtual representation
The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to A protect the nation from British spies B prevent the British from fomenting unrest among American Indians C strengthen the Constitution D weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists E counter the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
weaken and deflect Republican criticism of the Federalists
After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that A women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic B voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women C the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of government D wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties E women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution
women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic
