Unit 3 HWS
What building played a major role in Louis' attempts to control his nobles?
The Versailles near Paris
How did the euro. Superpower start?
- geography location -navy -overseas colonies -> n. Am. Caribb. And india -overseas trade=$ -business dev. + trade within england -large market (scotland) -laissez-faire -win wars -increase in status -increase in land
Identify powers of an autocrat
-Limits or controls the power of nobles -Controls religious authorities -Makes laws, dispenses justice -circumvents, ignores, or uses assemblies to approve or ubber-stamp the ruler's initiatives -uses army to expand or consolidate borders under the rulers control
Rulers maintained control by:
-control nobles -use military *claiming Divine Right God- given power to rule
Rulers have complete control over:
-religion -policies -justice -society -culture -economy -nobility -military ^ they made and enforced
They would colonize because
-rise in Gold and Silver=wealth increase (mostly Spain) -resources -> international trade network = wealth -> more power for rulers (ex. Spain) -colonies= land -> worldwide empire -land= powers for rulers (ex:England - N. america, India)
What were the two actions taken by Louis to control. France's Protestants?
1. Refused to allow French Protestants to leave the country 2. Churches were torn down, their gatherings forbidden, their children made to attend mass
Rulers goals:
1. Stay in power (to avoid a coup d'etat) 2. Improve their nation -wealthy -powerful -influential
Government in England (1066-1215)
1066- Norman invasion of England
How would a criminal react to catherine II's reforms?
A criminal would like Catherine II's reforms. This is because all subjects are equal to law, no torture, and only a very bad punishment if the thing they have done is very bad.
How would a member of the aristocrat class react to Catherine II's reforms?
A member of the aristocrat class would admire Catherine II's reforms. This is because they liked her sophisticated nature. The aristocrats were actually followers of Catherine II.
How would a member of don cossacks react to Catherine II's reforms?
A member of the don cossacks probably would have been really mad at Catherine II's reforms. This would be because it was mostly for the upper class and it was used for England instead of Russia. The Don Cossacks probably liked the way she ruled in Russia and are probably very mad that she is making those reforms and ruling somewhere else.
What is a 'mertiocracy'?
A meritocracy is government or the holding of power by people selected on the basis of their ability.
How would a serf react to Catherine II's reforms?
A serf would probably be fine with Catherine II's reforms. Since Catherine II did not end serfdom, she only questioned it. The serfs might worry about Catherine II questioning it though.
How would a students react to Catherine II's reforms?
A student would love Catherine II's reforms. This is because since she persuaded the expansion on education, the students would be really happy.
Absolutism
Absolute power -absolute monarchs -autocrat -king/queen -Sultan -Czar/Tsar
In the country of Vespa, the government initiates and creates its own acts and laws. It typically ignores the people it serves, and follows its own will. According to Rousseau, how should Vespans (citizens of the country) and the body politic react? How do you think they should react?
According to Rousseau, the Vespans and the body politic react by not even considering it a law. He believes that the government cant make any final decisions or anything without telling the people of the community. If the government does do this, the community may not consider it a law since it is up to the community to have the final decision and the government just helps them along, in my opion, the people of Vespa should fight against their government or start a riot. This was a reaction many times and i think works since the government then listens and changes their mid. If it was a huge deal they should fight about it or start a riot to get the government attention. I don't think just ignoring the new law is a great idea because it can lead to big problems when the ways i think the people should react would just get the governments attention.
Colonization in
Asia and Americas
Absolute
Authoritarian -no liberty -> jail oppon. or Civilians reg. to house soldiers -no separation of powers-> No legislative branch or judicial branch -harsh punishments -no due precess (rights of the accused)
Glorious revolution description
Bloodless revolution that places William and Mary on the throne-rule as limited monarchs.
Enlightenment
Brought philosophes and salons
James II description
Catholic, believed he had a "divine right", people hated him, he's forced to flee
Civil war and revolution description
Cavaliers (charles I's follwers) vs. Roundheads (opponents of the king led by oliver cromwell)- abolsihed monarchy, put charles I on trail, created the "Commonwealth", yet cromwell ruled as a dictator- then died
What was Suleiman "very interested" in doing?
Conquering the east and west
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional -power of monarch is limited by written law -share power with parliament -house of lords -house of commons -political parties -tories -whigs -majority -prime minster Monarchy -advisers to manarchs: cabinet
Result of changes
Constitutional monarchy (limited monarchy)
Charles I-petition of right- grow or stall?
Contributed to growth- this did hell because people were treated fairly with the laws and rules
Bill of rights growth or stalled
Contributed to the growth of the democracy because it have more people opportunities and freedoms
Act of settlement growth or stalled
Contributed to the growth since the last king was catholic (James II) and he brought the church and state together. Without them they wont have to worry about being stalled and having church and state combined again.
Glourious revolution growth or stalled
Contributed to the growth since they didnt have all the power of the democracy
Did tudor monarchs contribute to the growth of democracy? Or did it stall the growth of democracy and preserve the power of the monarchy?
Contributed- more balance of power; parliament has a lot of (inoffical) infulence
Why did 250,000 Protestants leave France during Louis's reign?
Escape persecution
1700: Rising prominence
Euro superpower
What did Fredrick II mean when he said, "I am the first servant of the state"?
Fredrick II said "I am the first servant of the state." What he means is that when his people are in trouble and need help he is the first person to serve their needs and help them with their problems. Also he is the "first servant of the state" since he is a monarch, which is the highest of the social rankings, and helps people out as if he was a servant.
Toleration act description
Freedom of worship for all Protestants (only) religions
Charles reacts description
Furious! Dissolves parliament, ignored petition, persecuted dissents (esp, puritans). Then scotland invaded- he begged parl. to come back (the "long parliament"-1640-1660)-they denied Charles $ to fight Irish rebellion-he's furious p! Charles arrested members of parl.
Salons
Get togethers/social gathering mostly in France hosted by women to shared ideas
Explain one way that Louis attempted to control the nobility
He attempted to control the nobility by making them leave their homes and live with him. That would help Louis so he cam watch his nobles and make sure what they are doing is right.
What is one negative effect Peter the Great's rule had on Russia?
He failed to make a strong and thriving middle class. Russia needed a good middle class but Peter never managed to do it.
What is one positive effect Peter the. Great's rule had on Russia?
He made an army for Russia out of no one since they never had an army before
How do the Turkish people view the Suleiman?
He was thought of highly. They say he was unforgettable and he was known to them as "Suleiman the Magnificant"
How would peter III react to Catherine II's reforms
He would dislike Catherine II's reforms. This is because when he was alive he had ideas to take out Catherine from the court p. though she had other ideas and Peter III probably didnt like them. Catherine then used her followers to kill him.
Monarchy
Herditary
What regions were added to the Ottoman Empire by Suleiman the Magnificant?
Hungary, Algeria, and Tripoli
If Rousseau created his own government from scratch, what would it be like? What powers would it have? What would it do? Think about its relationship with the people it serves.
If Roussaeu created his government from scratch it would quickly form laws and rules and be based on the people's problems and ideas. The powers that the government has is to be there for a need of citizen participation, not the representation. It would only enforce laws and rules based on the communities problems and their ideas but they wouldn't be the representation of the community since everything they did is based on a community. The problem with his government is that the community would have to come up with one agreement for the solution to the problem so that the government gets their work done faster. The thing is that all people think alike and the minority of the people that dont agree with the rest of people would have to suck it up and just agree.
Which reform was least common during the Age of Enlightenment?
Increase in voting rights
Why did enlightenment thinkers support the monarchy?
It was an effective form of government
Bill of rights description
Kind of a continuation of the Magna Carta since it gives more rights to the people.
Act of settlement
Laws that states no catholic can ver be king (reaction to James II); monarch must rule with advice of constitutional advisers (not just random people); parliament consent had to be given for the monarch to engage in war or leave the country, and judges were to hold office on good conduct and not royal pleasure- thus establishing judicial independence.
Which reform was most common during the Age of Enlightenment?
Legal improvements
But the constitutional monarchy
Limits on democracy Ex: -little toleration for non-Protestants (tol. Act; act of settlement p) While -only male, protestant, landowners can vote -oligarchy
Describe one action taken by Peter the Great to make Russia more 'European'
Make the nobles look nice with handsome clothes made after English fashion. By dressing like the Europeans, peter believed that will make Russia more European.
Why do you think many aristocrats opposed Enlightenment reforms?
Many aristocrats would oppose the Enlightenment reforms since they would basically get rid of the aristocrats. The aristocrats were at the top of social chart with the monarchs and didn't want to loose their position. Also, for example some of the reforms wanted the serfs to be able to come back to the society, the aristocrats didnt want that to happen since they take up land. Many reforms didnt help out the aristocrats so they opposed the Enlightenment reforms.
Tudor monarchs description
Monarchs worked with parliament- good relationship
Charles II Restored description
Obeyed magna carta and petition of rights as conditions of his reign
New era
Object challenge and new options on governing
What was one action taken by Peter to overcome his defeat at Narva?
One action taken by Peter to overcome his defeat at Narva was making a alliance with Sweden's two enemies. The two rivals are Poland and Denmark.
One major change to Russia society made during the reign of Peter the. Great observed by John Perry while he visited Russia:
One major change to Russian society made during the reign of Peter the Great was the way nobles have to be dressed and changed to become more "European"
What was on political consequence of Louis XIV's policy towards the Huguenots?
One political consequence of Louis XIV's policy towards the Huguenots was antagonism in France ti start.
Explain one way the Table of Ranks expanded the power of the Russian state:
One way the Table of Ranks expanded the power of the Russian state was making equivalent grade for all things like military, naval, and civil services.
Why does paine hold that great britain retains an interest in the colonies?
Paine holds the great britain retains an interest in the colonies because they have many things that the british need.
What does Paine think of the past relations between great Britain and the colonies?
Paine thinks that the past relations between Great Britain and the colonies helped make America strongly. It flourished with the help of Great Britain, but can do it on her own.
Thomas hobbes
People are greedy and selfish. Only a powerful government can create a peaceful, orderly society. -supports monarchy because its efficient -opposite of jean-Jacques Rousseau and Baron de Montesquieu
John locke
People have natural rights. It is the job of government to protect these natural rights. If government does not protect these rights, the people have the right to overthrow it. -life, liberty, and property <- basic rights of the people that gov't should protect
What was Peter hoping to accomplish with his war on Sweden?
Peter was hoping to accomplish opening s maritime route from Russia to the West by winning his war on Sweden
How did peter's introduction of the Table of Ranks reduce the influence of Russia's old aristocracy?
Peter's introduction of the Table of Ranks reduce the influence of Russia's old aristocracy because it offered people on the bottom of the social ladder to be able to work their way up to have privileges like the nobles.
Thinkers of the enlightenment
Philopsophes All of them call for a gov't and society that is just fair and that is based on reason or logic.
The term "enlightenment despots" refers to the monarchs' extreme power and their ______.
Reform efforts
What is Rousseau's basic criticism of the schools of his time?
Rousseau's basic criticism of schools of his time is that the education is senseless and corrupts our judgements.
What is Rousseau's social contract?
Rousseau's social contract is an association that uses the power of the whole membership that is used to defend members and their property without limiting freedom or each individual member. The social contracts come with terms for everyone to follow as an individual. One of the first conditions in the Social Contract is that when everyone understand all them in general they can be reduced to one term which is each person has to give his goods, power, and liberty for everyone. This is very important for the social contract because they want everyone to be equal in the community and by having this first term and having people follow it will help the community.
The war was very expensive for the british government. How would they now raise revenue to replenish their treasury?
Since the war was very expensive for the British government, they gave taxes to the colonists to raise the revenue to replenish their treasury
According to Wollstonecraft, how have society and other writers, such as Rousseau p, affected the way women are seen?
Society and other writers affected the way women are seen as fake and useless to the society, according to the way Wollstonecraft sees things based on society and writers.
Can you answer paines challenge and name some advantages that the colonists gained from their relationship with great Britain?
Some advantages that the colonists gained from their relationship with Great Britain was good trading and good amount of land.
How is this policy very dofferent than the policy of spain toward its american colonits?
Spain- tight control over colonies England- not like that at all! Tehy use salutary neglect -> growth in colonial self-government
Act of Union growth or stalled
Stalled growth because of disagreements of government
Toleration act growth or stalled
Stalled growth because they now only accept protestants
Charles reacts growth or stalled?
Stalled growth of democracy as charles attempts to preserve his own power by diminishing the role of parliament (until he needs them-then he calls them back-until they say no to him.....)
Civil war and revolution growth or stalled?
Stalled growth since the king was on trail and then was killed. This would have slowed down the growth to mainly rule England and england would have to start all over.
James II growth or stalled
Stalled growth while he was ruling since he was taking power and brought the church and state together. After he leaves, the growth of democracy would increase.
Habeas corpus act description
States rights of "the accused" - they must know charges against them, allowed a defense in front of judge-cant be randomly jailed
Mary Wollstonecraft says that every era or century has a certain "family character" formed by public opinion. How would you describe the "family character" of the time you live in?
The "family character" of the time I live in would be equality. Men, women, and all races are allowed to have a education. People are also fighting for marriage and everything trying to make many more things equal for everyone.
What advantages and disadvantages did 18th century monarchs find in reform measures?
The advantages that 18th century monarchs had in reform measures were able to do anything to gain more power by making reforms. For example, some lessened the power of the Catholic Church so that the monarchs could gain more. Another thing they would do is allow any religion and had no religious tolerance. By doing that, the monarchs had more power over many people. The disadvantaged that 18th century monarchs had in reform measures were that they couldn't do everything they wanted because other people might tell or do something to them. For example, Catherine II couldnt get the serfs back because the aristocrats would be mad.
How did the American colonists feel about these changes in policy?
The american colonists were very angry about the changes in policy. This is because they didnt like that they had to pay taxes. They had taxes on everything
Catherine II did not free the serfs because she feared the power of
The aristocrats
What is the general will?
The general will is every man had to be a citizen in the community and will stay in that community. The man may have other hobbies, interests, or wills for other things they like, but the main will for every individual man is to be a citizen. It is a big deal for the community and not being a citizen for their community would be a very bad thing.
What kind of education do you think Rousseau would have designed? Could he and Wollstonecraft have agreed on some points of education?
The kind of education Rousseau would have designed would be more towards what the men will become. He and Wollstonecraft would agree on having an education by the opinions and manners of were they live.
Charles I- petition of Right description
The king used to punish people on anything from small to large the same way. They want to change that with the petition of rights so that peoples punishments should be based on the crime they committed. Also, this added more equal laws.
Did the magna carta contrivute to growth of democracy? Or did it stall growth of democracy and preserve the power of the monarchy?
The magna carta contributed to the growth of democracy. This is because all of the rules/laws they developed in the magna carta are used again later for other developments so that governments will work well.
Magna Carta description
The magna carta is used to show how the government works, is used, and its rules. They used it for these reasons so that people will know what to do and have their community/society work well.
What is the overall goal of an autocrat?
The overall goal of an autocrat is to have the most power in the land they live in. They really care about their power and do a lot to keep the power for themselves.
Baron de montesquieu
The powers of government should be separated into three branches. Each branch will keep the other branches from becoming too powerful. -checks and bills -judical, legislative, and executive
What should the role of the government be?
The role of the government should be used in citizen participation of the government. He believes this because he thinks that "the government's power is only the public power vested in." What he means by that is the government shouldn't have a lot of control of things since it is the public's problems and power just with more power and agreement since it is the government.
What type of men did Sultan Suleiman appoint to fill important government posts?
They were on their own merits and examines carefully into the character, ability, and disposition.
How would a peasant react to Catherine II's reforms?
They would be very interested about Catherine II's reforms. Catherine Ii's reforms were mostly for the upper class, and they were left suffering.
Philosophes
Thinkers who challenge status quo
Habeas corpus act growth or stalled
This contributed to the growth since the people being punished can explain what they did and also be punished based on what they did, not something unfair.
Charles II restored growth or stalled
This would have contributed in growth since the magna carta made the community equal and the petition of right made the laws equal.
What was Louis trying to "impose" on france in the 1680's?
Uniformity in religious affairs
Act of union decription
Unites England and Scotland as Great Britain
The relationship between british colonies in north america and the British government in england was relatively peaceful throughout the 1600 and early 1700s. What is the name of the policy that the british government used towards their colonists?
Used mercantilism