Unit 3 Test Review

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is

1.6%

A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 years?

400 million

Refer to Figure 2. Line that represents the biotic potential of the species

A

Refer to Figure 3. Population growing exponentially

A

Identify and explain one characteristic of an r -selected species that could increase the likelihood of the r -selected species being a more successful invasive species than K -selected species.

A characteristic of an R-selected species that could increase the likelihood of it being more successful than a k-selected species is that R-selected species are generalists and have the ability to live in unstable changing environments. Living as a specialist k-selected species in an unstable environment is not easy because often the resources that k-selected species consume are much harder to find now that they are not the only ones looking for it. Although being a generalist species is also hard (considering that they are normally a source of food for predators), they also reproduce at a much quicker rate. That means that if k-selected species are not only hunted but outcompeted for resources, the generalist r-selected species population will continue to grow if they are hunted as well because there is a higher birth rate.

The pitcher plant is a carnivorous that grows best in nutrient-poor, acidic soil. They are common in the pinelands ecosystem of the NJ Pine Barrens. Which of the following terms best describes this species?

A specialist species, because it thrives in soil with low pH and nutrient levels (but may also be a keystone species)

Describe one way an invasive species, such as the zebra mussel, can decrease the carrying capacity for a native species in an ecosystem.

An invasive species like the zebra mussel can decrease the carrying capacity of a native species like the Unionid Mussels by outcompeting the Unionid Mussels both for resources and in population size. The carrying capacity of a species is the largest amount of individuals of that species that an environment can support. Now that the Zebra Mussels have been introduced to a new environment, they will begin rapid reproduction because there are no predators that will challenge them. The Unionid are most likely specialists because they are native to the Hudson River. Due to the rapid population increase of the zebra mussel, they will both begin competing for food. However, this will disrupt the growth rate of the Unionid mussel because there is new competition for food and space in their particular niche. Unlike the zebra mussels, they cannot live off of other resources. If these resources are depleted by the Zebra Mussels both through consumption and changing the food web, the carrying capacity of the Unionid Mussels will fall because their environment can no longer sustain a larger population.

Refer to Figure 3. Population growing at a decreasing rate

B

Refer to Figure 2. Line that represents the growth of a population predicted by the logistic model

C

Which of the following best exemplifies population momentum?

Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level

Refer to Figure 1. A single female oyster can produce up to 100 million eggs annually. The eggs become fertilized in the water and develop into larvae, which if not consumed by other filter feeders, eventually find suitable sites, such as another oyster's shell, on which to settle and develop into an adult. Which curve best represents the survivorship of oysters?

D

Refer to Figure 3. Population decreasing at greatest rate

D

Which of the following best characterizes a population that is growing exponentially with time?

Doubling in size over equal increments of time

Refer to Figure 2. Line that represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term basis

E

Refer to Figure 4. Which of the following was the doubling time for China's population in 2019?

Guess (maybe 184.2)

According to the graph above, the global human population will most likely

Have doubled between 1950 and 2150

The world population growth rate in 2015 is about 1 percent. It is expected to drop to 0.5 percent by 2050, partly because of increased access to birth control in developing nations. Another likely cause for the expected decline is

Increasing number of women entering the workforce

Refer to Figure 5. Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase I?

Infant and Childhood mortality

A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that

Is experiencing slow or no population growth

Refer to Figure 4. Which of the following calculation methods would determine the percent change in the crude death rate from 1994 to 2019 ?

Option 2

Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate?

Option 4

Which of the following describes the changes in a country's demographics as it transitions from a pre-industrial stage (stage 1 ) through transitional stage (stage 2)?

Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases

Raccoons eat a variety of foods and can live in a variety of habitats, including locations near humans. Tiger salamanders eat an abundance of worms and insects and require wetland habitats so they do not dry out. Which of the following best identifies the two different species?

Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists

Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?

Reduced birth rates

The crude growth rate, r , of a population is calculated by

Subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate

The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase?

The Industrial Revolution and Modern Medicine

Refer to Figure 5. The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?

The beginning of phase 3

A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. Thirty years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per thousand per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 thousand per year and the crude death rate is 5 per thousand per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true?

The country is at the industrial age of demographic transition

Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?

They have longer life spans

Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?

the total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition

If a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?

0.4%

Refer to figure 1. Which curve in the graph best represents a K -selected species with a low infant mortality rate?

A

Which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country?

High life expectancy and low infant mortality rate