unit 4

Which of the following would social learning theorist be most likely to propose as a cause for fear of flying?

A person observed someone else's fear of flying.

Which of the following is an application of shaping?

A rat presses a bar when a green light is on but not when a red light is on

Mirror neurons may...

Be the mechanism by which the brain accomplishes observational learning

Operant Conditioning involves a learned association between...

Behavior and Consequences

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum

Just before something scary happens in a horror film, they often play scary- sounding music. When I hear the music, I tense up in anticipation of the scary event. In this situation, the music serves as an

CS

Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment demonstrated that

Children are likely to imitate the behavior of adults

Every time a boy does his chores, his mother gave him money. Which type of reinforcement is Bernie receiving?

Continuous

Many psychologists believe that children of parents who beat them are likely to beat their own children. One common explanation for this phenomenon is...

Modeling

For every 10 cars Gus sells, he gets a bonus. Gus's sales are being reinforced according to a ______ Schedule.

Fixed ratio

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white right. He also demonstrated fear of rabbits, cotton balls, and a white sweater. This illustrates the phenomenon of

Generalization

When a boy was young, his parents decided to give him a quarter every day he made his bed. He started to make his sibling's beds also and help with other chores. Behaviorist would say he was experiencing

Generalization

Who discovered classical conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov

Molly is potty training her daughter, Mia. Every time Mia begins to urinate in her diaper, Molly says the word "bathroom" in the hope that Mia will begin to urinate when she hears this word while sitting on the toilet. Molly's efforts most resemble the studies of:

Ivan Pavolv, who studied classical conditioning

By pairing a flashing light with a loud noise, a researcher has taught a rat to exhibit a fear response to the light. What is the unconditioned stimulus to study?

Loud Noise

Lynda stayed out past her curfew. As a result, her parents revoked her driving privileges. Which of the following statements is true of lynda's parents?

Lynda's parents are using negative punishment to decrease her behavior of staying out past curfew.

Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to _____

Modeling

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Pulling your hand off a very hot stove

Which of the following is the best example of social learning?

Someone starts using the same word choices and vocal inflections as members of the popular group at school

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to _________; as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Reinforcement; punishment

In Pavlov's experiment on the classical conditioning of salvation, the unconditioned response was the

Salvation to the meat powder

We Knows that food is a primary reinforcer because...

Satisfies a biological need

Edward Thorndike's law of effect

States that rewarded behavior is more likely to happen again

A child whose family owns a dog may refer to any four-legged animals as "dog". In learning theory, such behavior is known as:

Stimulus generalization

A man has been coffee drinker for the past ten years. He has noticed recently that just the sight of his coffee cup seems to elicit more alertness and wakefulness from him. In this example of classical conditioning, what in the conditioned stimulus

The Coffee Cup

Purchasing state lottery is reinforced with monetary winnings on a _______ schedule

Variable ratio

Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a______ schedule.

Variable- interval

A girl likes to play with slugs, but she can only find them by the shed after it rains. On what kind of reinforcement schedule is the girl's slug hunting

Variable-Interval

Classical and Operant Conditionings were both initially based on the principles of

behaviorism

A child receives multiple shots at the doctor's office. On his next visit to the doctor's office, his fear at the sight of the doctor's needle is a(n):

cr