Unit 4
The battle of Kleidion in 1014 C.E. was fought between A. Byzantium and the Bulgars. B. Byzantium and European crusaders. C. Byzantium and Muslim Saljuqs. D. Byzantium and Islam. E. none of the above.
A. Byzantium and the Bulgars.
Which island population was most isolated from the rest of Polynesia? A. Easter Island. B. Fiji. C. Hawai`i. D. Tahiti. E. Tonga.
A. Easter Island.
According to Pegolotti, A. European long-distance trade with China was perfectly safe. B. local lords always robbed traveling merchants. C. by using paper money in China, Europeans paid higher prices for their goods. D. traders should try to bargain for the cheapest guide. E. none of the above.
A. European long-distance trade with China was perfectly safe.
Which of the following was one thing done by Charlemagne? A. He built an impressive, if relatively short- lived, empire in western Europe. B. He rejected coronation by the pope. C. He established a large bureaucracy to rule his empire. D. He wrote an important book on the art of statecraft. E. All of the above.
A. He built an impressive, if relatively short- lived, empire in western Europe.
Which of the following does NOT describe a manor? A. It was a large plantation operated by free peasants with heavy plows. B. It was a large estate supervised by a lord and operated with serf labor. C. It was a self-sufficient rural community controlled by the lord and his deputies. D. It consisted of fields, meadows, forests, serfs, and their lodgings. E. It was the means by which most lords and retainers supported themselves.
A. It was a large plantation operated by free peasants with heavy plows.
Which one of the following statements does NOT describe the crusades? A. The campaigns showed European military superiority to Muslim armies. B. One of the crusades conquered Constantinople instead of recapturing Palestine. C. The crusaders traded eagerly with Muslim merchants in the eastern Mediterranean. D. The crusaders brought many Muslim ideas back to Europe with them. E. The crusaders introduced to Europe new agricultural products they learned about from the Muslims.
A. The campaigns showed European military superiority to Muslim armies.
Mongol rule in China was ended in a rebellion led by A. a destitute orphan. B. a Confucian scholar. C. a Buddhist monk. D. a eunuch in service to the Yuan dynasty. E. a brilliant naval commander.
A. a destitute orphan.
The term caesaropapism refers to the fact that the Byzantine emperors A. claimed divine favor and sanction. B. claimed divine status. C. claimed half human and half divine status. D. claimed to be both Roman emperor and pope. E. none of the above.
A. claimed divine favor and sanction.
One reason for the Franks' rapid rise in western Europe had to do with Clovis's A. conversion to Roman Christianity. B. conversion to Arian Christianity. C. alliance with the Islamic world. D. defeat of the Muslims at the Battle of Tours. E. none of the above.
A. conversion to Roman Christianity.
The peoples of the Pacific islands did NOT A. develop metallurgy. B. develop agriculture. C. build complex societies. D. interact with one another. E. develop any transportation technologies.
A. develop metallurgy.
The Aztecs offered human sacrifices in order to A. honor the gods and forestall the destruction of the world. B. terrorize conquered people into submission. C. provide nourishment to the moon and the stars. D. mark off the days of their ritual calendar. E. all of the above.
A. honor the gods and forestall the destruction of the world.
_ Which of the following was NOT a typical trade item found in the Mexica markets? A. iron and brass implements. B. gold and silver jewelry. C. vanilla beans and cacao. D. jaguar skins and parrot feathers. E. cotton cloth.
A. iron and brass implements.
Curricula of cathedral schools concentrated on A. liberal arts. B. theology. C. law and medicine. D. the writings of Aquinas. E. none of the above.
A. liberal arts.
According to St. Benedict's Rule, monks in monasteries should A. live communal, celibate lives. B. work hard for personal wealth. C. live like hermits, isolated from the outside world. D. deprive themselves of all pleasures. E. all of the above.
A. live communal, celibate lives
Which of the following was NOT a form of entertainment in Constantinople? A. perching atop tall pillars. B. athletic matches and contests between wild animals. C. circuses featuring clowns, jugglers, and dwarfs. D. chariot races. E. theaters of song and dance.
A. perching atop tall pillars.
In England, 9 -century Scandinavian th invasions A. promoted various small kingdoms to merge into a larger realm. B. led to disintegration of a large realm into smaller kingdoms. C. gave way to colonization by the Vikings. D. brought down the Anglo-Saxon alliance. E. none of the above.
A. promoted various small kingdoms to merge into a larger realm.
A Renaissance humanist is one who A. seeks to reconcile Christian values with a public life. B. considers Christianity to be an outmoded superstition. C. holds that personal glory is the only true value. D. withdraws from the world to study ancient texts. E. rejects the past and embraces all that is new.
A. seeks to reconcile Christian values with a public life
Serfs were A. semifree individuals who owed obligations to the lord whose lands they cultivated. B. servants of the lord, who provided the lord with domestic and military services. C. agricultural slaves who had no rights on the lord's manor. D. free peasants who could sell their land and move at will. E. none of the above.
A. semifree individuals who owed obligations to the lord whose lands they cultivated.
Efforts to forge an alliance between the Mongols and the powers of Europe ended when A. the Mongols converted to Islam. B. Rabban Sauma was denied access to the pope. C. Christian crusaders attacked Muslims at Jerusalem. D. the Mongols invaded Russia. E. Marco Polo's memoirs revealed a Mongol plan to invade Europe.
A. the Mongols converted to Islam.
The term reconquista specifically referred to A. the reconquest of Spain. B. the reconquest of Sicily. C. the recapture of Palestine. D. the colonies in Greenland. E. the Albigensian crusade.
A. the reconquest of Spain.
The rights of serfs included A. the right to work on certain land and pass the lands to their heirs. B. the right to move from one manor to another. C. the right to marry whomever they wanted to marry. D. the right to make a profit off of their land. E. all of the above.
A. the right to work on certain land and pass the lands to their heirs.
During the high middle ages, the development of towns and cities "fit awkwardly in the framework of a medieval political order" because A. their citizens demanded autonomy from local lords. B. unlike feudal manors, cities were egalitarian societies. C. unlike the organization of the workforce on feudal manors, women became part of the working class in cities. D. townspeople included all three estates. E. none of the above.
A. their citizens demanded autonomy from local lords.
Christians' devotion to saints was very much like A. the Bantu people's devotion to the creator god. B. Buddhists' devotion to Bodhisattvas. C. Muslims' devotion to Mecca. D. the Jews' devotion to the Torah. E. all of the above.
B. Buddhists' devotion to Bodhisattvas.
Throughout most of its history the capital of the Byzantine empire was A. Byzantion. B. Constantinople. C. Byzantium. D. Istanbul. E. none of the above.
B. Constantinople.
An important pope of the late 6 and th early 7 centuries was th A. Leo III. B. Gregory I. C. Otto I. D. St. Benedict of Nursia. E. none of the above.
B. Gregory I.
How did Alexius I deal with the Bogomil heretics? A. He had them all executed by being burned on a cross. B. He condemned them to death by crucifixion. C. He had them banished from the empire. D. He forced them to convert to Manichaeism. E. none of the above.
B. He condemned them to death by crucifixion.
One of the major differences between India and western Europe during the postclassical era is that A. India generated an imperial form of government whereas western Europe did not. B. India actively participated in a larger economic and commercial life whereas western Europe was largely a rural and self- sufficient society. C. India did not suffer from foreign invasions whereas western Europe had to fight against foreign invaders. D. India had a strong religious tradition uniting it and Europe had none. E. All of the above are differences.
B. India actively participated in a larger economic and commercial life whereas western Europe was largely a rural and self- sufficient society.
The reconquest of Sicily from the Muslims was accomplished by A. Eric the Red. B. Roger Guiscard. C. Robert Guiscard. D. William the Conqueror. E. none of the above.
B. Roger Guiscard.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Byzantine missions to the Slavic peoples? A. The Cyrillic alphabet became the writing system of the Slavic peoples. B. The Byzantine empire and Slavic peoples united to fight against the Islamic armies. C. Eastern Orthodox Christianity was adopted by the Slavic peoples. D. Schools were organized by the missionaries. E. all of the above.
B. The Byzantine empire and Slavic peoples united to fight against the Islamic armies.
The Albigensian crusade was A. a military campaign against the Muslims. B. a military expedition against the Cathars. C. a military venture against the pagan Slavic peoples in the Baltic region. D. a military coup in Sicily. E. none of the above.
B. a military expedition against the Cathars.
Guilds of European cities and towns could do all of the following EXCEPT A. set standards of quality for manufactured goods. B. administer justice on behalf of the city government. C. determine the prices at which members had to sell their products. D. build large halls in the cities. E. regulate the entry of new workers into their groups.
B. administer justice on behalf of the city government.
Which of the following social services was NOT provided by monasteries? A. inns, refuges, orphanages. B. banks, shops, factories. C. schools. D. medical care. E. libraries and scriptoria.
B. banks, shops, factories.
Emperor Justinian is best remembered for his A. plan to destroy Constantinople in order to rebuild it. B. codification of Roman law, known as Body of the Civil Law. C. complete reconstitution of the classical Roman empire. D. decisive victory over the Muslims. E. all of the above.
B. codification of Roman law, known as Body of the Civil Law.
In the 15 century, the nation-states of th western Europe were strengthened by A. a long period of peace among the nations of Europe. B. direct taxes and standing armies. C. increasing reliance on knights as a military force. D. the ideals of Renaissance humanism. E. all of the above.
B. direct taxes and standing armies.
Unlike the Aztec religion, Inca religion A. was monotheistic. B. had a moral dimension. C. revered a sun god. D. had no priest class. E. had no sacrificial rituals.
B. had a moral dimension.
Emperor Leo III (reigned 717--741) launched the campaign of iconoclasm because A. he wanted to give the ecclesiastical authorities a lesson by destroying paintings and images of Jesus and the saints. B. he was convinced that the veneration of religious images was sinful, tantamount to the worship of physical idols. C. he suffered from severe mental illness, and the religious images drove him crazy. D. he wanted to destroy the influence of the Roman church. E. all of the above.
B. he was convinced that the veneration of religious images was sinful, tantamount to the worship of physical idols.
According to the Byzantine historian Procopius's account, high-quality silk production was A. developed by Byzantine craftsmen by improving the cocoons of wild silkworms. B. introduced by two Christian monks to the Byzantine empire. C. introduced to the Byzantine empire through several routes. D. taught to the Chinese by Byzantine monks. E. none of the above.
B. introduced by two Christian monks to the Byzantine empire.
Chinese naval expeditions were abruptly ended in 1433 because A. Zheng He was suspected of building his personal power. B. maintaining the fleet was considered a needless waste of national resources. C. the voyages had led to several humiliating defeats. D. the large Chinese vessels proved to be unseaworthy. E. all of the above.
B. maintaining the fleet was considered a needless waste of national resources.
Between the 13 and the 15 centuries, th th the Andean kingdom of Chucuito governed an agricultural society based on A. maize farming. B. potato farming. C. cotton manufacture. D. coca farming. E. all of the above.
B. potato farming.
In the early middle ages, the economic activity of western Europe was A. efficient and fast. B. predominantly agricultural. C. commercial and urban. D. based on long-distance trade. E. none of the above.
B. predominantly agricultural.
The bubonic plague started in A. western Europe. B. southwest China. C. Mediterranean seaports. D. central Asia. E. southwest Asia.
B. southwest China.
From the early 11 century, the most th serious domestic problem of Byzantum was A. intermarriages between generals' children and local peasants. B. the decline of the free peasantry in both number and prosperity. C. frequent fights between the Greens and the Blues. D. rebellion among the Islamic states. E. All were serious problems.
B. the decline of the free peasantry in both number and prosperity.
During the high middle ages, European scholars' rediscovery of Aristotle's work led to A. the growing dynamism of popular heresies. B. the development of scholasticism. C. the rise of the Dominicans and Franciscans. D. a rejection of the Latin classics. E. a decline in Christian belief.
B. the development of scholasticism
Historians use the term middle ages to refer to A. the fact that Europe became mature from 500 to 1500. B. the era from about 500 to 1500 C.E., the medieval era of European history. C. the crisis of western Europe. D. the time between the fall of Rome and the emergence of Christianity. E. all of the above.
B. the era from about 500 to 1500 C.E., the medieval era of European history.
On his visit to Mali, Ibn Battuta expressed disapproval at A. the tolerance of paganism by the emperor of Mali. B. the immodesty of African Muslim women. C. the corruption of the local courts. D. the failure to observe Muslim rituals, such as prayer and fasting. E. all of the above.
B. the immodesty of African Muslim women.
One of the most significant impacts of sugarcane production on global economies was A. widespread deterioration in diet and nutrition. B. the increased demand for slave labor. C. increased demand for tea and coffee. D. increased demand for other luxury goods, such as porcelain. E. all of the above.
B. the increased demand for slave labor.
The most honored class in Mexica society were A. the priests. B. the warriors. C. the merchants. D. the large landowners. E. the royal family.
B. the warriors.
Which city and state are incorrectly paired? A. Iroquois and Cahokia. B. Toltec and Tula. C. Chucuito and Teotihuacan. D. Inca and Cuzco. E. Mexica and Tenochtitlan.
C. Chucuito and Teotihuacan.
In the investiture contest, the winner was A. Otto I. B. Henry IV. C. Gregory VII. D. Frederick Barbarossa. E. Hugh Capet
C. Gregory VII.
The people who finally brought down the Byzantine empire were A. crusaders of western Europe. B. Muslim Saljuqs. C. Ottoman Turks. D. Russians and Bulgars. E. none of the above.
C. Ottoman Turks.
Which of the following was NOT true of Theodora? A. She was emperor Justinian's wife, advisor, and aid. B. She was the daughter of a bear keeper in the circus. C. She was the dominant political figure of her age, controlling the empire from behind the scenes. D. She was a former stripper. E. She advised him to crush a riot in Constantinople.
C. She was the dominant political figure of her age, controlling the empire from behind the scenes.
The most famous scholastic theologian was A. Eucharist. B. St. Francis. C. St. Thomas Aquinas. D. Saladin. E. St. Dominic.
C. St. Thomas Aquinas.
Which of the following was NOT a serious diplomatic mission of the 13 century? A. The Persian khan proposed an alliance with European powers against Muslims in Jerusalem. B. The pope invited the Mongol khans to convert to Christianity. C. The sultan of India proposed an alliance with the Byzantine empire against the Mongols. D. An envoy of the khans declared that European Christians should submit to Mongol rule or face destruction. E. All of the above were diplomatic ventures of the 13th century
C. The sultan of India proposed an alliance with the Byzantine empire against the Mongols.
Which of the following was NOT true about monasteries of the Byzantine church? A. They grew out of the efforts of devout individuals to lead especially holy lives. B. They provided social services to their communities. C. They were centers of thought and learning. D. They opposed the policy of iconoclasm. E. Some forbade female humans or animals from entering.
C. They were centers of thought and learning.
Chinese economic recovery was aided by all of the following steps EXCEPT A. increased agricultural productivity. B. increased production of porcelain, silk, and other luxury goods. C. active state support of foreign trade. D. the involvement of Chinese merchants in foreign trade. E. restoration of irrigation systems.
C. active state support of foreign trade.
The Hanseatic League was A. known for its determination to reconquer Spain and wrest it from Muslim control. B. responsible for curbing the expansion of the Holy Roman Empire. .C. an association of trading cities of northern Europe D. a military religious order. E. none of the above.
C. an association of trading cities of northern Europe
Vinland was A. conquered by the Teutonic Knights. B. reconquered by European crusaders. C. colonized by Scandinavian seafarers. D. continuously occupied until the present day. E. none of the above.
C. colonized by Scandinavian seafarers.
In order to maintain clear class distinctions, Mexica sumptuary laws held that A. persons of different social classes should have no interaction. B. persons of different social classes could not intermarry. C. commoners should wear rough cloth, while aristocrats could wear cotton. D. conquered people could not speak the Mexica language. E. all of the above.
C. commoners should wear rough cloth, while aristocrats could wear cotton.
Which of the following was NOT a well- traveled trade route in the 13 and 14 th th centuries? A. from Morocco across the Sahara Desert to Mali. B. from Arabia down the east coast of Africa. C. from Portugal down the west coast of Africa. D. from India across the Indian Ocean to southeast Asia. E. from China overland to Constantinople.
C. from Portugal down the west coast of Africa
Under the theme system, A. Byzantine generals used Greek fire to defend their provinces (themes). B. free peasants received allotments of land in exchange for military service. C. generals cooperated with governors in civil administration of provinces (themes). D. landed aristocrats turned peasants into slaves. E. none of the above.
C. generals cooperated with governors in civil
Abu al-Abbas became well known in the court of Charlemagne as a A. distinguished diplomat from the Islamic world. B. beloved pet from an Indian king. C. gift from the Abbasid court. D. Muslim enemy of the king. E. none of the above.
C. gift from the Abbasid court
The conversion of England was accomplished through A. the military threat of Charlemagne. B. marriage of Charlemagne's daughter to the English king. ' C. missionary campaigns of Gregory I. D. the encouragement of Clotilda. E. all of the above.
C. missionary campaigns of Gregory I.
The Inca government maintained storehouses of agricultural surplus for A. the private reserve of the royal family. B. payment to the military. C. public relief and social welfare. D. payments to governmental officials. E. all of the above.
C. public relief and social welfare.
The relationship between lord and retainer was A. stable. B. exploitative. C. reciprocal. D. antagonistic. E. all of the above.
C. reciprocal.
In medieval Europe, the three estates meant A. England, Scotland, and Ireland. B. the three royal estates of the Capetian kings. C. the three social classes. D. the big three city-states in north Italy. E. none of the above.
C. the three social classes.
In order to maintain control over conquered peoples, the Mexica A. maintained a large standing army. B. appointed Mexica governors in each province of their empire. C. threatened subject peoples with brutal reprisals. D. appointed an elaborate bureaucracy to collect tributes. E. all of the above
C. threatened subject peoples with brutal reprisals.
Which of the following was the primary goal of Zheng He's expeditions? A. to eliminate foreign trade with China. B. to establish Chinese trading cities on the Indian Ocean. C. to impress foreign people with the power and might of the Ming dynasty. D. to establish diplomatic relations with the Muslim states trading on the Indian Ocean. E. to offer military protection and support to Chinese merchants in the Indian Ocean.
C. to impress foreign people with the power and might of the Ming dynasty.
According to Gregory of Tours, which of the following was true of Clovis's conversion? A. He was forced to convert by the bishops. B. He began to consider conversion when his army was defeated by the Christian Alamanni. C. He forced his army to be baptized after he was. D. His conversion had much to do with the influence of his wife, the queen Clotilda. E. all of the above.
D. His conversion had much to do with the influence of his wife, the queen Clotilda.
One region relatively unaffected by the plague was A. western Europe. B. north Africa. C. China. D. India. E. the Byzantine empire.
D. India.
The princes of which city established caesaropapist control over the Russian Orthodox Church? A. Costantinople B. Rome C. Moscow D. Kiev E. St. Petersburg
D. Kiev
What is the correct chronological order? A. Toltecs, Teotihuacan, Mexica, Spanish. B. Toltecs, Teotihuacan, Spanish, Mexica. C. Teotihuacan, Mexica, Toltecs, Spanish. D. Teotihuacan, Toltecs, Mexica, Spanish. E. Teotihuacan, Toltecs, Spanish, Mexica.
D. Teotihuacan, Toltecs, Mexica, Spanish.
St. Scholastica A. established a convent and began to accept nuns for the 1 time in the history of st Christianity. B. devised an entirely new set of regulations as guidance for the religious life of women in convents. C. strongly believed that women should be allowed to become priests and monks. D. adapted her brother's Rule as guidance for nuns. E. none of the above.
D. adapted her brother's Rule as guidance for nuns.
Most of those sacrificed were A. criminals. B. war captives. C. tribute from conquered people. D. all of the above. E. none of the above.
D. all of the above.
How did the Spanish rabbi Benjamin of Tudela describe Constantinople? A. as a corrupt and ungodly place. B. as inferior to the city of Baghdad. C. as a place where no one is interested in learning. D. as the place with the greatest entertainment. E. all of the above.
D. as the place with the greatest entertainment.
The 1 military use of gunpowder was st mainly for A. psychological terror: making unexpected loud noises . B. fireworks display to celebrate a victory. C. unmanned torpedoes against enemy vessels. D. bombs lobbed by catapults into cities under siege. E. large mounted cannons on merchant ships.
D. bombs lobbed by catapults into cities under siege.
Which of the following was probably NOT a factor in the collapse of the Toltec civilization? A. conflict between the various ethnic groups living at Tula. B. immigration of various nomadic peoples to central Mexico. C. a large fire that destroyed much of Tula. D. defeat by the Mexica in the 13 century. E. All of the above contributed to the Toltec collapse.
D. defeat by the Mexica in the 13 century.
The primary significance of Marco Polo's travels is the fact that A. he was the 1 European to live and work in st China. B. he opened European markets to Chinese merchants. C. he introduced Chinese technologies to Europe. D. his adventures inspired European readers to seek profit and adventure abroad. E. all of the above.
D. his adventures inspired European readers to seek profit and adventure abroad.
The term feudalism A. means feuds between aristocratic families that had become a social norm. B. means a political and social order that was highly centralized. C. means the king's power being completely overthrown by the local lords. D. is a term that has fallen out of favor among historians. E. none of the above.
D. is a term that has fallen out of favor among historians
The Holy Roman Empire was "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire" because A. the emperors were not crowned by the popes. B. the Byzantine emperors did not acknowledge the Holy Roman Empire. C. the people who lived there did not practice Christianity. D. it did not restore imperial unity to western Europe. E. all of the above.
D. it did not restore imperial unity to western Europe.
Which of the following did NOT belong to the popular heresies of medieval Europe? A. Waldensians. B. Cathars. C. Albigensians. D. mendicants. E. All of the above were heresies.
D. mendicants.
Which of the following was NOT an economic policy of the Byzantine government? A. preventing land accumulation by wealthy classes in order to protect free peasants. B. preventing wealthy and powerful entrepreneurs from monopolizing the silk industry. C. issuing the bezant (Byzantine gold coin) as the standard currency. D. preventing business partnerships to encourage individual investment. E. allowing banks to advance loans for business ventures.
D. preventing business partnerships to encourage individual investment.
The European Renaissance is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. a revival of classical learning. B. domed cathedrals. C. naturalistic painting and sculpture. D. repudiation of Christian values. E. translations of the New Testament.
D. repudiation of Christian values.
The great earthen mounds like Cahokia were probably used for A. marketplaces. B. urban complexes. C. defense. D. rituals and burials. E. all of the above.
D. rituals and burials.
In Spain, the process of state building was accelerated by A. Columbus's quest for a western route to China. B. the reconquest of Granada from the French. C. an alliance with the Islamic states of northern Africa. D. the marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile. E. all of the above.
D. the marriage of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile.
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the expansion of arable land in Europe during the high middle ages? A. population pressure. B. use of the horseshoe and horse collar. C. increased cultivation of beans. D. the shift from horses to oxen. E. clearing of forests and draining of swamps.
D. the shift from horses to oxen.
In 1054 C.E., the Byzantine patriarch and the pope of Rome mutually excommunicated each other because of their disagreements over matters of A. rituals such as whether priests should shave their beards. B. the doctrinal dispute about Jesus' relationship to God and the Holy Spirit. C. the worship of icons. D. who had authority over their jurisdiction. E. the appropriateness of the crusades.
D. who had authority over their jurisdiction.
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the Iroquois peoples? A. They lived in the woodlands east of the Mississippi River. B. They cultivated maize and beans. C. They lived in settled communities with defensive walls. D. Women were in charge of villages and longhouses. E. Their system of pictographic writing has not yet been deciphered.
E. Their system of pictographic writing has not yet been deciphered.
Under Hongwu, the Ming dynasty was established as A. a feudal state dominated by local warlords. B. a military state with a puppet emperor. C. a constitutional monarchy. D. a decentralized empire with considerable autonomy for local authorities. E. a highly centralized, autocratic state.
E. a highly centralized, autocratic state.
After the 6 century, well educated th Byzantines A. considered themselves the direct heirs of classical Greece. B. no longer spoke Latin; they now spoke Greek. C. placed more emphasis on the humanities than the sciences. D. read commentaries on the Greek classics. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
Commoners in the Inca kingdom were required to A. work assigned lands on behalf of the state. B. pay a portion of their earnings to the state. C. work on the public roads and irrigation systems. D. deliver pottery, textiles, and other handmade goods. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
During the high middle ages the European nobility A. had their manners softened. B. practiced the code of chivalry. C. drew their literary inspiration from Muslim Spain. D. was one of the three estates. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
During the high middle ages, the Normans A. conquered England in 1066. B. built a tightly centralized state. C. commissioned a tapestry. D. took southern Italy and Sicily back from the Muslims. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
Ibn Battuta was able to travel extensively across Asia and Africa in the early 14 century th because A. he was welcomed as an Islamic judge in many Muslim kingdoms. B. new maritime technology made long- distance travel more common. C. he was able to take advantage of existing trade routes. D. the Mongol kingdoms provided safe passage for merchants and travelers. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
The Carolingian empire dissolved because A. Charlemagne's descendants were politically weak and disunited. B. Vikings began raiding northern France. C. Charlemagne's grandsons divided the empire into three parts. D. Magyars raided France from the east. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
The Franks helped to promote Christianity by A. destroying the Lombards who threatened Rome. B. accepting recognition and backing from the popes. C. inviting Christian scholars to the court. D. military force. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
Which of the following is true of the crusades launched by the western Europeans during the 12th and 13th centuries? A. They were trying to recapture Jerusalem and other holy sites from Muslim control. B. They carved out states in parts of the Byzantine empire. C. They sacked the city of Constantinople. D. They were used to strengthen economic positions in the eastern Mediterranean. E. all of the above.
E. all of the above.
The chinampa system of agriculture A. introduced new Mexica crops into the central valley. B. required the Mexica to move on to new lands after the soil had been exhausted. C. was based on the rotation of crops to replenish the soil. D. was similar to the slash-and-burn agriculture practiced by the Maya. E. created fertile plots of land from the mud dredged off the bottom of Lake Texcoco.
E. created fertile plots of land from the mud dredged off the bottom of Lake Texcoco.
Which of the following was NOT a method by which the Inca were able to effectively administer their empire? A. a complex system of record keeping with knotted cord. B. taking hostages from the ruling families of conquered peoples. C. a vast network of paved roads to unite their empire. D. relocating loyal colonists in troublesome territories. E. granting autonomy to local chieftains.
E. granting autonomy to local chieftains.
The aboriginal people of Australia subsisted by A. cultivating root crops. B. herding swine and poultry. C. cultivating taro and sweet potato. D. building fish traps. E. none of the above.
E. none of the above.
Portugal led Europe in maritime exploration for all the following reasons EXCEPT A. they had long years of experience fishing in the Atlantic. B. they took an early lead in the African slave trade. C. Prince Henry hoped to convert the peoples of Africa to Christianity. D. they discovered and colonized a number of Atlantic islands early in the 14 century. E. they had more people and a more advanced economy than the other states of Europe.
E. they had more people and a more advanced economy than the other states of Europe.