Unit 4 Clicker Questions

Which of the following statements about the unfolded protein response (UPR) is false? (a) Activation of the UPR results in the production of more ER membrane. (b) Activation of the UPR results in the production of more chaperone proteins. (c) Activation of the UPR occurs when receptors in the cytoplasm sense misfolded proteins. (d) Activation of the UPR results in the cytoplasmic activation of gene regulatory proteins.

Activation of the UPR occurs when receptors in the cytoplasm sense misfolded proteins.

What process is caspase 3 involved in? A) Apoptosis B) Autophagy C) UPR D) Apoptosis and Autophagy E) Apoptosis and UPR

Apoptosis

What process is BCL-2 associated with? A) Apoptosis B) Autophagy C) UPR D) Apoptosis and Autophagy E) Apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR

Apoptosis and Autophagy

How is ATF6 activated? A) Phosphorylation B) Cleavage of the protein in the Golgi C) Splicing of mRNA in cytosol D) Degradation of a protein bound to XBP1

Cleavage of the protein in the Golgi

What ribosome is caspase 3 translated on?

Cytosolic

What ribosome is PERK translated on? A) Cytosolic B) ER associated C) other

ER associated

What signal sequences does PERK have? A) NLS B) ER signal sequence C) ER stop transfer sequence D) KDEL sequence E) B, C, and D

ER signal sequence, ER stop transfer sequence, and KDEL sequence

What statement is false about LC3 in autophagy? A. LC3 needs to be cleaved. B. LC3 needs to be conjugated to PE. C. LC3 is used to measure autophagy in cells. D. LC3 is phosphorylated to function.

LC3 is phosphorylated to function.

What process is PERK involved in? A) Apoptosis B) Autophagy C) UPR D) UPR and Autophagy E) Apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR

PR and Autophagy

How is XBP-1 activated by IRE-1? A) Phosphorylation B) Cleavage of the protein C) Splicing of mRNA in cytosol D) Degradation of a protein bound to XBP1

Splicing of mRNA in cytosol

What protein does not regulate the mTORR pathway? a.) AMPK b.) AKT c.) Rheb d.) TFEB

TFEB

What transcription factor does mTOR phosphorylate? A) ATF4 B) ATF6 C) TFEB D) XBP-1

TFEB

How is ATF4 activated? A) Phosphorylation B) Cleavage of the protein C) Splicing of mRNA in cytosol D) Degradation of a protein bound to XBP1 E) Translation of mRNA

Translation of mRNA

What process is LC3-II involved in? A) Apoptosis B) Autophagy C) UPR D) Apoptosis and Autophagy E) Apoptosis and UPR

autophagy

What type of apoptosis is caspase 3 involved in? a.) extrinsic b.) intrinsic c.) both

both

Apoptosis differs from necrosis in that necrosis ________________. (a) requires the reception of an extracellular signal (b) causes DNA to fragment (c) causes cells to swell and burst, whereas apoptotic cells shrink and condense (d) involves a caspase cascade

c. causes cells to swell and burst, whereas apoptotic cells shrink and condense

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is true? (a) Cells that constitutively express Bcl2 will be more prone to undergo apoptosis. (b) The prodomain of procaspases contains the catalytic activity necessary for procaspase activation. (c) Bax and Bak promote apoptosis by binding to procaspases in the apoptosome. (d) Apoptosis is promoted by the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol from mitochondria.

d. Apoptosis is promoted by the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol from mitochondria.

Which statement is false about mTOR in autophagy? A. mTOR phosphorylates and inactivates ULK1 complex B. mTOR phosphorylates TFEB and inactivates so it cannot regulate gene expression C. mTOR is inhibited by Akt activation of Tsc1/Tsc2 D. mTOR is inhibited by phosphorylation by AMPK

mTOR is inhibited by Akt activation of Tsc1/Tsc2

What signal sequence does caspase 3 have?

none

How might STAT3 prevent autophagy? a. upregulation of Beclin-1 b. upregulation of ULK1 c. upregulation of BCL2 d. Upregulation of Tsc1/Tsc2

up regulation of BCL2

What statement is false about protein folding and misfolding? A) ERAD occurs on misfolded proteins in ER lumen B) Glucose amounts signal misfolded proteins C) Misfolded cytoplasmic proteins can undergo ERAD. D) Chaperone proteins help to fold proteins in ER lumen.

Misfolded cytoplasmic proteins can undergo ERAD.