Unit 4: Nutrition Essentials 3rd Edition

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism? a) Bone cells making proteins to lengthen a growing child's bones b) Muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat c) Brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells d) White blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy

a) Bone cells making proteins to lengthen a growing child's bones

_____ moves chyme through the intestines. a) Peristalsis b) Umami c) Constipation d) Reflux

a) Peristalsis

Lexi thinks she may have colorectal cancer because, for several weeks, she has had _______. a) blood in her stools b) irritable bowel syndrome c) chronic heartburn d) increased appetite

a) blood in her stools

Within villi, most lipids become incorporated into ________. a) chylomicrons b) bile c) lacteals d) micelles

a) chylomicrons

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into _______ and enter the ________. a) chylomicrons; lymphatic system b) chyme; hepatic portal vein c) micelles; liver d) mucus; lower esophageal sphincter

a) chylomicrons; lymphatic system

Oscar often eats a large meal about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he's likely to develop _______. a) gastroesophageal reflux disease b) irritable bowel syndrome c) ulcerative colitis d) chronic constipation

a) gastroesophageal reflux disease

About a week ago, Atticus noticed a small amount of bright red blood in his stools. Since then, he's developed rectal itching, which makes sitting through long lectures uncomfortable. His doctor told him the disorder is very common. She also told Atticus to avoid becoming constipated and contact her if the bleeding gets worse. Based on this information, Atticus probably has _____. a) inflamed hemorrhoids b) diverticulitis c) irritable bowel syndrome d) ulcerative colitis

a) inflamed hemorrhoids

The ______ is the second segment of the small intestine. a) jejunum b) colon c) duodenum d) ileum

a) jejunum

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system that makes bile. a) liver b) appendix c) gallbladder d) jejunum

a) liver

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism? a) Nerve cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells b) Enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy c) Bones cells using protein and calcium to build new bone tissue d) Immune cells making proteins that protect against infectious agents

b) Enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? a) Lower esophageal sphincter b) Epiglottis c) Tongue d) Teeth

b) Epiglottis

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? a) S. aureus b) H. pylori c) E. coli d) C. botulinum

b) H. pylori

Which of the following statements is true? a) The lower esophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. b) Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. c) Choking occurs when food enters the esophagus because the epiglottis has covered the opening to the trachea. d) A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach.

b) Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Over the past six months, Levi lost 20 pounds, even though he didn't try to lose the weight. Additionally, he is tired all of the time and has bloody stools that are the thickness of a pencil. Based on this information, Levi should be tested for _______. a) gallbladder disease b) colorectal cancer c) pancreatic blockage d) liver failure

b) colorectal cancer

The primary function of the respiratory system is the _______. a) destruction of toxic metabolic by-products b) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide c) production of red blood cells d) transmission of nervous impulses

b) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Freddie has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Freddie's body to _______ while he has this illness. a) digest a greater percentage of proteins b) lose weight c) reduce its bile storage d) absorb more vitamins

b) lose weight

The stomach ________. a) releases gastric acid, which begins the digestion of amino acids b) mixes food with hydrochloric acid c) secretes salivary amylase d) digests vitamins and minerals

b) mixes food with hydrochloric acid

Starch digestion begins in the ______. a) eduodenum b) mouth c) colon d) lower esophageal sphincter

b) mouth

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. a) spleen b) tongue c) cecum d) epiglottis

b) tongue

Which of the following statements is true? a) Before chyme enters the small intestine, it has to move through the liver. b) Peristalsis begins in the stomach and ends in the ileum. c) The process of digesting food begins in the mouth. d) The large intestine is the main site for nutrient absorption in the human body.

c) The process of digesting food begins in the mouth.

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup, Bekha burnt the back of her tongue. During the 48 hours that followed the injury, Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted _______. a) cold b) metallic c) bitter d) greasy

c) bitter

Circulation of blood is the primary function of the _____. a) immune system b) brain c) cardiovascular system d) liver

c) cardiovascular system

The pyloric sphincter _______. a) is the muscular valve that connects the esophagus to the stomach b) signals the liver to secrete bile into the small intestine c) controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine d) prevents chyme from leaving the small intestine before digestion is complete

c) controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine

Brenda is unable to absorb nutrients from the foods and beverages she consumes. She has a serious disease of the _______ system. a) integumentary b) immune c) digestive d) reproductive

c) digestive

Over the past two days, Charlotte has had several bouts of loose, watery stools. To treat her condition, she should _____. a) follow a low-calorie diet that contains only fruits and vegetables b) consume nothing, until the diarrhea subsides c) drink watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars d) give herself coffee enemas every 3 hours to cleanse her colon

c) drink watery fluids that contain sodium, potassium, and simple sugars

oseph has a disease that weakened his esophagus. As a result of this condition, Joseph probably ________. a) must eat raw foods b) has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements c) has difficulty swallowing food d) digests foods too quickly

c) has difficulty swallowing food

Hayley usually has two bowel movements each week. Based on this information, she should _______. a) not worry, because she's not constipated b) avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation c) increase her intake of high-fiber foods and water to relieve her chronic constipation d) take a gentle laxative so she has at least two bowel movements daily

c) increase her intake of high-fiber foods and water to relieve her chronic constipation

Arabella has chronic heartburn. To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), her physician recommended that she _______. a) snack on peppermint candy in between meals b) eat dark chocolate for dessert c) lose excess body fat d) lie down after meals

c) lose excess body fat

An example of mechanical digestion is the ______. a) break down of cholesterol that occurs in the duodenum b) recycling of bile that happens in the large intestine c) mixing activity that occurs in the stomach d) formation of ATP that happens in the upper small intestine

c) mixing activity that occurs in the stomach

In a healthy person, the large intestine helps form _____ by absorbing excess water from undigested material. a) micelles b) feces c) mucus d) chyme

c) mucus

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients, human cells require _______. a) carbon dioxide b) sunlight c) oxygen d) amino acids

c) oxygen

The _____ secretes enzymes into the small intestine. a) gallbladder b) epiglottis c) pancreas d) liver

c) pancreas

Mandy smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat headaches. Based on this information, she has a high risk of developing _______. a) irritable bowel syndrome b) chronic constipation c) peptic ulcers d) gallbladder disease

c) peptic ulcers

Ari is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter his stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Ari probably has a disorder that _______. a) allows chyme to build up in his stomach b) causes an overgrowth of probiotics in his esophagus c) reduces peristalsis d) blocks his pyloric sphincter

c) reduces peristalsis

LaDonna has an infection that interferes with the normal functioning of her lacteals. Based on this information, her ________. a) liver produces excess bile b) hepatic portal vein can rupture c) small intestine can't absorb fat-soluble nutrients d) stomach secretes too much gastric juice

c) small intestine can't absorb fat-soluble nutrients

Zackary has a disease that reduces the ability of his pancreas to function. Based on this information, his _______. a) weight is higher than average for his height b) bile production is less than normal c) small intestine doesn't digest food properly d) hydrochloric acid secretion is greater than normal

c) small intestine doesn't digest food properly

Marta has a rare condition characterized by the inability to detect odors. Based on this information, Marta probably has difficulty _______ food. a) digesting b) chewing c) tasting d) swallowing

c) tasting

What is the primary source of energy ("energy currency") for your cells? a) Sunlight b) Fatty acids c) Protein d) ATP

d) ATP

Which of the following substances isn't secreted by cells in the human stomach? a) Gastric juice b) Mucus c) Hydrochloric acid d) Bile

d) Bile

Which of the following statements is true? a) Acid reflux often results when the lower esophageal sphincter closes. b) People who are infected with H. pylori have a high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. c) Vomiting blood is a serious sign associated with irritable bowel syndrome. d) Peptic ulcers usually form in the lining of stomach and duodenum.

d) Peptic ulcers usually form in the lining of stomach and duodenum.

Chyme is ________. a) undigested material that's absorbed by lacteals b) organic fluid that keeps the stomach from digesting itself c) a type of lipid that can be transported in blood d) a semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

d) a semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Vihaan has severe heartburn. To reduce his risk of damaging his esophagus and developing esophageal cancer, his physician recommended that he _______. a) raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches, so his head is lower than his feet, when he lies down b) eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces c) take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals d) avoid lying down after meals

d) avoid lying down after meals

Tissues are made up of small, living functional units called _____. a) organelles b) mitochondria c) atoms d) cells

d) cells

Alicia has had a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for over 12 years. Based on this information, she has a higher than average risk of developing _______ than a person who does not have an IBD. a) irritable bowel syndrome b) gallstones c) gastroesophageal reflux disease d) colon cancer

d) colon cancer

Beto was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Beto probably _______. a) has kidney disease b) forms fewer blood cells c) bruises easily d) has difficulty swallowing

d) has difficulty swallowing

The last segment of the small intestine is the ______. a) duodenum b) colon c) jejunum d) ileum

d) ileum

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and _______. a) having the lower third of the colon removed b) reducing physical activity c) moving to a drier climate d) learning ways to manage stress effectively

d) learning ways to manage stress effectively

Organs of the endocrine system _____. a) eliminate wastes b) transmit nervous signals c) protect against infectious disease d) secrete hormones

d) secrete hormones

During the past two months, Cindy has had abdominal pain after eating as well as bloody diarrhea. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds even though she wasn't trying to reduce her weight. Based on this information, Cindy should be tested for _______. a) gallstones b) irritable bowel syndrome c) gastroesophageal reflux disease d) ulcerative colitis

d) ulcerative colitis

Last night, Parker ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw for dinner. For dessert, he had a thick chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, he suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Parker probably has ________. a) large gallstones b) ulcerative colitis c) irritable bowel syndrome d) inflamed hemorrhoids

a) large gallstones

_____ are tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. a) Mucus glands b) Receptors c) Villi d) Lymph nodes

c) Villi

A collection of tissues that function in a related manner is a (an) _____. a) membrane b) cell c) organ d) organism

c) organ

The kidneys are organs of the ______ system. a) immune b) nervous c) urinary d) cardiovascular

c) urinary

Which of the following statements is true? a) There are 7 different kinds of tastes: sour, salty, bitter, sweet, umami, oily, and juicy. b) Foods that taste sweet are usually rich sources of vitamin C, iron, and phytochemicals. c) Even when you're healthy, your sense of smell interferes with your tongue's ability to taste. d) Children generally have more taste buds than older adults.

d) Children generally have more taste buds than older adults.