Unit 4 Study Guide - PLTW Biomed
What steps does the blood take as it passes through the heart?
1. Superior & Inferiro Vena Cava 2. Right Atrium 3. Tricuspid Valve 4. Right Ventricle 5. Pulmonary Semi Lunar Valve 6. Pulmonary Artery 7. Lungs 8. Pulmonary Veins 9. Left Atrium 10. Bicuspid Valve 11. Left Ventricle 12. Aortic Semi Lunar Valve 13. Aorta 14. Arteries 15. Aterioles 16. Capillaries 17. Venules 18. Veins
What is the average blood pressure for a healthy adult?
120/80
When is Hypertension diagnosed?
140-159 / 90-99
How many chambers are in the human heart?
4 (2 atria - 2 ventricles)
Out of these options, which is an acceptable level of HDL in your blood?
40-59 mg/dL
What is Cholesterol?
A lipid needed for proper cell function
What procedure uses a dye & X-rays to provide an image of the heart's blood vessels?
Angiogram
What procedure uses a tiny balloon to open a blood vessel?
Angioplasty
Which vessel takes blood to the lungs?
Arteries
What does the "P" wave on an EKG mean?
Atrial depolarization
Do Arteries carry blood away from or towards the heart?
Away
What measures the push of blood against the blood vessels?
Blood Pressure
Which type of blood vessel is the location of the CO2/Oxygen exchange?
Capillary
What type of blood does the right side of the heart contain?
DeOxygenated
Do veins carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated blood
What measures the pressure of blood on the artery walls when the heart is contracting?
Diastolic Pressure
What measures the electrical activity in the heart?
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
A person with clogged coronary arteries is most likely to experience what?
Experience a heart attack (due to Atherosclerosis)
What does Metabolic Syndrome mean?
Having a group is risk factors that increase risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
What measures the number of times the heart beats in a minute?
Heart Rate
What is the effect of narrowed arteries on a person's blood flow and blood pressure?
High blood pressure, decreased blood flow
Where is Cholesterol made?
In the liver
What is the role of a High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)?
Keeping cholesterol from building up by returning it to liver
What is blood pressure measured in?
Millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg)
What is the medical term for heart attack?
Myocardial Infarction
Do arteries carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
Oxygenated
What type of blood does the left side of the heart contain?
Oxygenated
What is the best indicator of vascular diseases like hardening of the arteries?
Pulse
What structure is the pace maker of the heart?
Sinoartial Node (SA Node)
What term is used to describe a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by a blood clot in the brain?
Stroke
What measures the pressure of blood on the artery walls when the heart is beating?
Systolic Pressure
If the "P" wave is absent, what does this mean?
The Atria is not contracting
The word "pulmonary" is associated with what organ in the body?
The heart
Do Veins carry blood away from or towards the heart?
Towards
What is the role of a Low density lipoprotein (LDL)?
Transports Cholesterol to body cells -Causes blockages in arteries by leaving cholesterol in vessels
What structure of the heart prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction?
Valve
Which vessel takes blood from the lungs?
Veins
How do veins compare to arteries?
Veins: • Thinner walls • Blueish red • Nearer to surface of body (superficial tissue) • Thin elasticity • Have Valves • Larger Lumen Arteries: • Thicker walls • Thick elasticity • Deep in muscle • Red • No valves
What does the "T" wave on an EKG mean?
Ventricular Repolarization
What does the "QRS" part on an EKG refer to?
Ventricular depolarization
Where can you detect your pulse?
• Carotid Artery • Radial Artery
What procedure creates an alternative pathway for the blood around a blocked artery?
• Coronary Bypass surgery
What is not true about cholesterol?
• It is a component of steroid hormones • It should be eliminated from our diets completely
LDL and HDL levels
• Low HDL = High risk of Heart Disease • Low LDL = Low risk of Heart disease
How can a person reduced their risk of heart disease?
• Quit Smoking • Improve Cholesterol levels • Control high blood pressure • Follow a healthy diet • Exercise often
What is the order in which action potentials travel through the heart?
• Sinoatrial Node • Atrioventricular Node • AV Bundle • Bundle Branches • Purkinje Fibers
What procedures are used to treat a blocked or narrowed blood vessel?
• Stent Insertion • Angioplasty • Coronary Bypass Surgery
What are the 4 valves?
• Tricuspid Valve • Bicuspid Valve • Aortic Semi Lunar Valve • Pulmonary Semi Lunar Valve
