Unit 5

Which of the following statements about automatic processing or effortful processing is true? A) Effortful processing does not require conscious awareness B) Effortful processing makes other processing more difficult C) Automatic processing requires little mental effort D) Automatic processing does not improve with practice E) Effortful processing is affected by intelligence

Automatic processing requires little mental effort

Arthur is helping his friend set up her new phone. Arthur has never used this type of phone, but he uses his knowledge of setting up his own phone to help figure out how to use the new phone. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Arthur is using which type of intelligence? A) Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence B) Practical intelligence C) Creative intelligence D) General intelligence E) Visual-spatial intelligence

Creative intelligence

Which of the following examples is most consistent with the theory that executive functioning provides the basis for general intelligence? A) Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests B) Reilly began walking earlier than most children and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests C) Amir is good at understanding other peoples' emotions and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests D) Jake can read very quickly and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests E) Rose has perfect pitch and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests

Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests

An example of using elaborative encoding to improve memory is... A) Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase "stinko ginkgo" because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad B) Trevor remembering to buy milk at the grocery store by putting a note on the refrigerator C) Emilia remembering a new acquaintance's name by silently repeating the name after learning it D) Arthur remembering to pick up a cake before leaving work by asking a coworker for a reminder at the end of the workday E) Diego remembering the meanings of Spanish vocabulary words by creating flash cards and studying them

Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase "stinko ginkgo" because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad

Rodrigo's three-year-old sister says the phrase "We goed to the store" instead of "We went to the store." According to Noam Chomsky, what is the best explanation for her behavior? A) Her parents have not presented her with the appropriate corrective feedback to teach her not to use the incorrect form B) She is overregularizing her use of the past tense C) She has heard other children using the incorrect form and has learned that it is correct D) She has not yet entered the concrete operational stage of cognition, in which she will be able to learn the correct form of the word E) She has a specific language impairment, which has prevented her from acquiring the correct form

She is overregularizing her use of the past tense

A researcher wanted to test the psychometric properties of a new intelligence test for children. She administered the test twice, two months apart, to children in a fourth-grade classroom. On the second administration, she noticed that the children who performed well were not the same children who performed well on the first administration and that there appeared to be no relationship between student performance on the first and second administration of the test. Based on this scenario, the psychological construct missing from this intelligence test is... A) Test-retest reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice B) Test-retest reliability, because the researcher is administering equivalent forms of the test twice C) Split-half reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice D) Split-half reliability, because the researcher is administering equivalent forms of the same test twice E) Internal-consistency reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice

Test-retest reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice

John went to the beach for vacation shortly after having watched a documentary film about shark attacks. Overestimating the possibility of encountering a shark in the water, he decided to spend the day sunbathing and reading instead of going for a swim. John's reasoning can be explained through... A) The availability heuristic B) The gambler's fallacy C) Source monitoring D) Confirmation bias E) Counterfactual thinking

The availability heuristic

Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation? A) Erik and Harry don't like each other when they are first assigned to the same a room during a class trip, but after spending a great deal of time together, they begin to like each other more B) When Sruthi first enters a dark room after coming in from outside, she can't see anything, but her eyes adjust after a few minutes C) At first, Benjamin needs to drink only a small amount of a caffeinated beverage to feel its effects, but after drinking it regularly for a while, he needs more to feel the same effects D) Alan wants to stop studying to go to a party but stops himself by thinking about his future career E) The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly

The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo's name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly