Unit 5 Government Study Guide

Based on the chart, what areas made up half of the government's expenditures? Social Security, Labor and Transportation, and Other Social Security and Education/Health and Human Services Defense/Homeland Security, and Social Security Defense/Homeland Security, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs

Social Security and Education/Health and Human Services

How are government regulations established? Citizens agree on new regulations through annual elections. Specialized executive agencies respond to a new policy by creating regulations. Business owners agree to create regulations to better compete with one another. The courts establish regulations in response to unfair business practices.

Specialized executive agencies respond to a new policy by creating regulations.

What is the program formerly known as "food stamps" now called? Department of Agriculture Medicaid Health Services Department of Housing and Urban Development Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Which of the following is a domestic influence on foreign policy? The US dollar rapidly declines in value. A famine in Ireland prompts US response. A foreigner on vacation in the United States threatens violence. The United States loses a key alliance with another nation.

The US dollar rapidly declines in value.

This graph shows the changing unemployment rate in the United States. Based on this graph, what can be concluded about the economy between 1991 and 2008? The economy was getting stronger because unemployment was low. The economy was getting stronger because too many manufacturing jobs were available. The economy was getting weaker because employment was low. The economy was getting weaker because stagflation was occuring.

The economy was getting stronger because unemployment was low.

__________ influence(s) public policy by drawing attention to and providing information about failed or needed policies. The media The military A task force

The media

The graph shows costs and projected costs at private four-year colleges, public four-year colleges, and public two-year colleges. Which best summarizes the increase in costs at public four-year colleges over the past 30 years? They have increased more than private four-year colleges but less than public two-year colleges. They have increased less than private four-year colleges and public two-year colleges. They have increased more than private four-year colleges and public two-year colleges. They have increased more than public two-year colleges but less than private four-year colleges.

They have increased more than public two-year colleges but less than private four-year colleges.

The following graphic shows US security policies after World War II. During which phases would military force most likely have been used? containment and detente detente and roll back containment and roll back containment, detente, and roll back

containment and roll back

In an opening statement, a candidate could use the "us" and "them" technique to persuasively address claims. counterclaims. evidence. a plan of action.

counterclaims.

One way government solves problems is by making new laws. creating public policy. financing a military. expanding regulations.

creating public policy.

Once a policy is developed to address an issue, who implements and enforces it? government agencies and police forces citizens and specialized businesses designated military and civilian officers legislators and judicial officials

government agencies and police forces

Who decides what problems should be addressed through fiscal policy? special interest groups college professors government leaders special task forces

government leaders

Which of these concerns about educational quality is determined only at the K-12 level of public education? how to appropriately test students' performance how to make sure application acceptance rates are fair how to fund the growing cost of tuition how to pay for higher-education research

how to appropriately test students' performance

Economic sanctions against foreign governments sometimes hurt foreign citizens. lead to civil wars. hurt the UN. violate international law.

hurt foreign citizens.

The three steps governments follow to create public policy are identifying a problem, publicizing a plan, and implementing policy. identifying a problem, developing a plan, and referring it to Congress. identifying a problem, referring it to Congress, and developing a plan. identifying a problem, developing a plan, and implementing policy.

identifying a problem, developing a plan, and implementing policy.

What is the first step in developing a policy solution to address the cost of a college education? identifying the issue writing an opening statement stating a claim creating an outline

identifying the issue

How do the United States and other countries implement economic foreign policy? Check all that apply. imposing tariffs offering economic rights imposing economic sanctions passing legislation to approve treaties signing trade agreements offering military aid

imposing tariffs imposing economic sanctions signing trade agreements offering military aid

The government raises money on the federal level through which taxes? Check all that apply. income taxes tariff taxes occupation taxes excise taxes sales taxes corporate taxes property taxes

income taxes tariff taxes excise taxes corporate taxes

Which best describes a way in which the government might respond to rising threats to national security through fiscal policy? sending troops overseas passing an excise tax on gasoline appointing a new Secretary of Homeland Security increasing military spending

increasing military spending

Nongovernmental organizations operate with governmental oversight. using contract workers. independent of government. in single countries.

independent of government.

How can the President influence the establishment of US foreign policy? negotiating treaties confirming ambassadors declaring war increasing spending on foreign aid

negotiating treaties

In a mixed-market economy, the government regulates business only when necessary on a regular basis as often as possible.

only when necessary

Private property is land or goods owned by the government. owned by an individual. used by state officials. used for taxation.

owned by an individual.

Individual citizens can best influence public policy by participating in public demonstrations, signing a petition, and voting. signing a petition, participating in violent demonstrations, and voting. assembling in front of a legislator's home, writing a letter, and voting. talking to the media, calling their representatives, and voting.

participating in public demonstrations, signing a petition, and voting.

Look at a portion of a sample paycheck: The descriptions are examples of what kind of taxes? payroll property income excise

payroll

To best implement a claim in a policy speech, a writer must state a clear _______________. plan outline tone style

plan

Political parties influence public policy by creating task forces. platforms. panels of experts. interest groups.

platforms.

Which of these laws was created in order to directly protect consumers? pollution laws product safety laws wage laws equal opportunity laws

product safety laws

Of the following, the best reason the United States might aid another country is to protect a trading relationship. improve their global reputation. help the other country gain power. develop another allied relationship.

protect a trading relationship.

The media primarily influences the making of public policy by urging people to take action. condemning specific policy initiatives. promoting specific policy initiatives. providing information about a policy.

providing information about a policy.

Economic sanctions are mainly used to protect domestic industries from international competitors. help domestic industries gain more business. punish nations for disobeying international law. encourage nations to give up their nuclear weapons.

punish nations for disobeying international law.

Governments create public policy to address issues in what three main areas? foreign, domestic, and social economic, foreign, and education social, economic, and foreign foreign, transportation, and social

social, economic, and foreign

Who funds public assistance programs? state governments city governments local and county governments state and federal governments

state and federal governments

When might workers be exempt from paying income taxes? when they are injured on the job when they make too much money when they don't earn enough money when they are laid off by a company

when they don't earn enough money

The European Union has ____________ member nations. 25 26 27 28

28

What is one possible effect of high unemployment in a mixed market economy? The government will intervene to appoint new jobs to workers. A lack of income will weaken the buying power for many people. New government-run farms and factories will open to provide work. The wealth gap between the upper and lower classes will decrease.

A lack of income will weaken the buying power for many people.

Why is NATO still relevant today? Communism is still a threat to democracy. Allied nations should always be ready to respond to threats. The European Union is a new threat to democracy. Its growth makes it virtually impossible for member countries to be attacked.

Allied nations should always be ready to respond to threats.

What do OSHA and the SEC have in common? Both operate independently. Both are overseen by the Bureau of Labor. Both create and enforce regulations. Both focus on protecting employee finances.

Both create and enforce regulations.

The biggest reason the United States was criticized for sending military aid to Central America in the 1980s was Central American countries were not allies of the United States. people felt diplomacy would have worked better than force. citizens were not grateful for the assistance. Central American countries were not democratic.

Central American countries were not democratic.

The president and his executive agencies create foreign policy with the help of ____________.

Congress

Which of the following is the best example of a sanction? Country A decides to form an alliance with country B. Country A enacts trade restrictions against country B. Country A launches warships toward country B. Country A denies aid money to country B.

Country A enacts trade restrictions against country B.

What are the two major political parties in the United States? Check all that apply. Democratic Green Republican Libertarian Independent

Democratic Republican

What element do the potential solutions of raising the retirement age, increasing payroll taxes, and reducing benefit payments all share? Each one would completely solve the Social Security problem. Each one would require someone to give up money and/or benefits. Each one would be protested by people who are already retired. Each one would force citizens to wait longer to collect benefits.

Each one would require someone to give up money and/or benefits.

The map shows how NATO has grown in Europe. According to the map, many ____________________ countries became members of NATO from 1990 to 2009. Western European Eastern European Mediterranean European

Eastern European

Which best describes the difference between economic and social policies? Economic policies control the supply of money, while social policies manage spending. Economic policies address educational issues, while social policies regulate businesses. Economic policies fund public schools, while social policies provide Social Security. Economic policies manage taxes, while social policies provide public assistance.

Economic policies manage taxes, while social policies provide public assistance.

The picture shows Fidel Castro. Why is this man an important historical figure? He helped the United States fight communism in Europe. He attempted a terrorist attack on the United States. He was the leader of Cuba's communist revolution. He became a US general after his heroism in WWII.

He was the leader of Cuba's communist revolution.

Who was the first President? John Adams George Washington Abraham Lincoln Thomas Jefferson

George Washington

What is the biggest difference between international governmental organizations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)? Governmental organizations are formally recognized. Governmental organizations cooperate with local governments. NGOs are formally recognized. NGOs cooperate with local governments.

Governmental organizations are formally recognized.

Which is a US territory? Hawaii Guam Jamaica Haiti

Guam

How does a command economy differ from a mixed market economy? In a command economy, citizens have fewer property rights. In a mixed market economy, citizens have more property rights. In a command economy, citizens have more property rights. In a mixed market economy, citizens have fewer property rights. In a command economy, citizens own all public property. In a mixed market economy, the government owns all private property. In a command economy, citizens own all private property. In a mixed market economy, the government owns all public property

In a command economy, citizens have fewer property rights. In a mixed market economy, citizens have more property rights.

Which statement about general education policy is most accurate? It is controlled only by the federal government. All funding comes from the state. It is set by multiple levels of the government. All policies are determined by local school boards.

It is set by multiple levels of the government.

Which statements are accurate about Medicare? Check all that apply. It provides medical assistance to senior citizens over age 65. It is administered and regulated by the state government. It makes medical care free for everyone who is enrolled. It is an extension of the government's Social Security program. It is facing a major funding problem due to an increase in older Americans.

It provides medical assistance to senior citizens over age 65. It is an extension of the government's Social Security program. It is facing a major funding problem due to an increase in older Americans.

The graph shows costs and projected costs at private four-year colleges, public four-year colleges, and public two-year colleges. What does the graph show about the projected cost at a private four-year college in 2025-26? It will be almost double the cost of a public four-year college. It will be almost triple the cost of a public four-year college. It will be almost four times the cost of a public two-year college. It will be almost five times the cost of a public two-year college.

It will be almost triple the cost of a public four-year college.

Which statement about Medicare is most accurate? Medicare's only requirement is being an adult who has paid taxes. Medicare is administered by state governments. Medicare provides free medical care for all enrollees. Medicare provides medical assistance to senior citizens.

Medicare provides medical assistance to senior citizens.

Read the scenario. An American journalist is being held in a foreign prison. The president is meeting with his administration to determine what to do. The president says, "I approve the use of $500,000 in defense funds to secure the release of the journalist and to ensure his safe return to the United States." Is the president able to make this declaration? Yes because as Commander in Chief he has ultimate decision-making power. Yes because aside from declaring war, he makes all policy decisions. No because he is only able to negotiate treaties. No because Congress needs to vote on foreign policy spending.

No because Congress needs to vote on foreign policy spending.

Which explains how advances in online education will most likely affect college costs in the future? Online education will likely reduce costs and provide greater access for different kinds of students. Online education will likely maintain costs and provide better job opportunities for students. Online education will likely reduce costs but also limit access for different kinds of students. Online education will likely maintain costs but also limit job opportunities for students.

Online education will likely reduce costs and provide greater access for different kinds of students.

What is a difference between payroll and income taxes? Payroll taxes are itemized deductions from an individual's paycheck, while income taxes are based on an individual's salary. Payroll taxes are taken out of an individual's salary once a year, while income taxes are paid by workers every time they get paid. Payroll taxes are based on an individual's salary, while income taxes are itemized deductions from an individual's paycheck. Payroll taxes are paid by individuals who have a job, while income taxes are partially funded by employers and employees.

Payroll taxes are itemized deductions from an individual's paycheck, while income taxes are based on an individual's salary.

Which president initially proposed the development of the EPA? President Reagan President Nixon President Clinton President Ford

President Nixon

Which would most likely hold a fundraising campaign to elect a pro-gun senator? a chamber of commerce a group of individuals a special interest group a political party

a special interest group

Money spent on government programs is referred to as bonding. an obligation. revenue. an expenditure.

an expenditure.

Which of these regulations falls under the jurisdiction of the Environmental Protection Agency? prescription safety automobile emissions credit card interest rates power tools used in factories

automobile emissions

The Social Security Administration develops regulations to determine benefits. investments. taxes. employment.

benefits.

One goal of US economic sanctions against North Korea would be democratic change leading to humanitarian aid. better relations with neighboring countries. democratic change leading to a new nation. better standards of living for its citizens.

better relations with neighboring countries.

Which of the following is the best argument for practicing internationalism in national security policy? bolstering trade encouraging travel strengthening the military avoiding conflict

bolstering trade

In a mixed market economy, property owned by the government can be used by many citizens. can cause economic inequality. can help promote personal wealth. can be used for private businesses.

can be used by many citizens.

In a mixed market economy, property owned by an individual can be used by all citizens. can be run by a city or state. can help promote personal wealth. can be used by government workers.

can help promote personal wealth.

The best way for a country to implement foreign policy is unilaterally. with military power. multilaterally. with hard power.

multilaterally.

Read the excerpt. The United States and China are the two largest consumers of energy in the world. . . . Neither of us profits from a growing dependence on foreign oil, nor can we spare our people from the ravages of climate change unless we cooperate. Common sense calls upon us to act [together]. President Obama, 2009 Based on this excerpt, which form of foreign policy implementation was President Obama advocating between the two countries? diplomacy foreign aid trade agreements sanctions

diplomacy

In addition to raising money, the government imposes excise taxes to protect manufacturers of specific products. encourage the use of specific products. discourage the use of specific products. protect consumers from specific products.

discourage the use of specific products.

A way that the United States began its policy of providing aid to Sudan was by supporting its industries. easing sanctions. eliminating tariffs. signing a trade agreement.

easing sanctions.

Critics of the wealth gap might argue that economic growth will likely decline over time. the upper classes cannot help create new jobs. the wealthy become unable to make investments. buying power exceeds the supply from producers.

economic growth will likely decline over time.

Which is an example of hard power? political treaties foreign aid economic sanctions trade agreements

economic sanctions

Which of these responsibilities is performed by the US Department of Education? distributing federal funding to states for education operating public schools daily determining what must be taught in all schools enforcing anti-discrimination laws

enforcing anti-discrimination laws

An important component of conducting research on the cost of a college education is identifying a problem. writing an opening statement. evaluating sources. creating an outline.

evaluating sources.

Compared with protectionism, an opposing goal of economic foreign policy is sanctions. tariffs. free trade. self-sufficiency.

free trade.

Read the sample claim. The rapid rise in the cost of higher education shows that the old models of traditional, campus-based instruction must be changed. If elected, I will create a panel of educational experts who will develop a network of virtual institutions: this will cut costs and provide more access to education. The claim is best described as caring. angry. informed. unsupported.

informed.

Who might write a letter to their representatives about a policy issue? individual citizens and the media individual citizens and political parties interest groups and the media interest groups and individual citizens

interest groups and individual citizens

Examine the pie chart. Based on the chart, what spending categories were least funded in 2010? Social Security and social programs national defense and transportation international aid and veterans' programs education and managing the nations' debt

international aid and veterans' programs

Choosing to engage in military action to assist another country is an example of sanctions. internationalism. isolationism. diplomacy.

internationalism.

A potential negative result of trade agreements is protectionism. sanctions. job loss. higher tariffs.

job loss.

Policy plans created to address a societal problem can be adopted by the task force legislature interest groups.

legislature

Policy plans created to address a societal problem can be adopted by the _________________.

legislature

The primary way officials identify problems that public policy can address is by taking testimony from educators. keeping track of media reports. listening to public interest groups. traveling across the country.

listening to public interest groups.

An economy that balances government intervention with free enterprise is known as a commission. monopoly. mixed market. regulatory agency.

mixed market.

When compared to a mixed-market economy, a command economy typically has more private ownership. more government control over production. strong consumer-buying power. a greater chance for a high income.

more government control over production.

When the United States' use of military force is successful in maintaining national security, the United States is able to take control of the occupied countries. remove themselves from the occupied countries. stop monitoring the occupied countries. focus on improving the occupied countries.

remove themselves from the occupied countries.

What must businesses do in order to meet legal and financial regulations? report their revenue and earnings to the government disclose information about sales with the media report details of advertising revenue to managers disclose product details to the competition

report their revenue and earnings to the government

This graph shows the changing unemployment rate in the United States. From 2001 to 2011, unemployment in the United States stayed the same. slightly changed. sharply increased. sharply decreased.

sharply increased.

How many years does a US senator serve in one term of office? two four six eight

six

If both the president and the vice president can no longer serve, who is next in line to become president? the Speaker of the House the secretary of state the majority leader the attorney general

the Speaker of the House

Read the sample opening statement. I meet young people all across America who cannot afford the price of a four-year education. That's wrong. To go to a private four-year institution today is going to cost you eight times what it did in 1980. This problem isn't going away, and we can't afford to ignore it any longer. To reduce costs, we need to shift our thinking and turn from the old model. That's why I support an increased investment in online learning. This will make education more affordable and accessible for all Americans. A conclusion that can be drawn about the use of technique in the statement is the candidate is using a personal style to connect with the audience. the candidate is addressing a counterclaim to convince the audience. the candidate is using an impersonal tone to convince the audience. the candidate is promising a plan of action to connect with the audience.

the candidate is using a personal style to connect with the audience.

A result of US foreign aid in Sudan was better relations with its neighbors. the creation of South Sudan. lower prices for US goods in Sudan. higher prices for Sudanese goods in the United States.

the creation of South Sudan.

Revenue is the amount of money that the government spends on defense. the government collects from taxes or borrowing. the government owes in debt. the government uses to provide social services.

the government collects from taxes or borrowing.

Which of these regulations is established at the federal level? the hours a business can stay open the types of goods a market can sell the pay for minimum-wage employees the requirements employees must meet

the pay for minimum-wage employees

In a mixed market economy, a fire breaks out in a sneaker factory. The repair work most likely will be paid by the government group that runs the factory. the state agency that operates the factory. the city official who manages the factory. the private citizen who owns the factory.

the private citizen who owns the factory.

Why might the United States send military aid to countries that are controlled by military dictators? to help dictators stop riots and protests against them to achieve a greater purpose, such as stopping a larger enemy to allow dictators to gain power and control to influence dictators to step down and embrace democracy

to achieve a greater purpose, such as stopping a larger enemy

The WTO was created to end tariffs on goods traded with Canada. to end tariffs on goods traded with Mexico. to unify the currencies of European countries. to help international trade run smoothly.

to help international trade run smoothly.

Which best explains why the government funds public education in the United States? to instill citizens with knowledge to better participate in government and the economy to make sure citizens only elect the correct political candidates to provide sufficient employment within the public school system to ensure that the government controls what information citizens can access

to instill citizens with knowledge to better participate in government and the economy

What are the purposes of financial regulations? Check all that apply. to make business competitive to enforce government intervention to limit and prevent monopolies to allow businesses to collaborate to ensure only one business can operate to place regulations on prices

to make business competitive to limit and prevent monopolies to place regulations on prices

Which are effective elements of an opening statement about the increasing costs of higher education? Select THREE answers. use of rhetorical techniques use of charts and graphs use of appropriate style use of persuasive language use of a plan of action use of statistical evidence

use of rhetorical techniques use of appropriate style use of persuasive language