UNIT 5 - Qin and Han Dynasties

What did the Qin dynasty build that helped it rule?

the Great Wall the Lingqu Canal standardized roads

Which farm tool invented during the Han dynasty allowed people to move larger loads?

wheelbarrow

Rome

wool

The Xiongnu

-lived north of China, in present-day Mongolia. -they were nomadic, moving their livestock from place to place. -they continually raided into China. -they were the reason the Qin dynasty built the Great Wall.

What changes did Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang) bring to China during the Han dynasty?

-took strong control of China from his capital -he put talented leaders in charge of the provinces -he lowered taxes on peasants -he broke with Qin traditions -most importantly, he moved away from Legalism -Gaozu ruled using Confucianism.

What ideas did Confucianism share with the Mandate of Heaven?

Both stated that rulers needed to make their people happy in order to keep the right to rule. Confucianism stressed respect for both common people and those in high positions.

How was Buddhism different from Taoism?

Buddhism included reincarnation.

Who invented paper?

Cai Lun

acupuncture

Chinese medical procedure involving the insertion of thin needles to treat various conditions

Which explains how the Silk Road began?

Chinese merchants under the Han dynasty went to Central Asia to trade silk for horses.

What was the imperial civil service exam based on?

Confucian ideas

How did Confucianism affect life in the Han society?

Confucianism shared common ideas with the Mandate of Heaven. Both stated that rulers needed to make their people happy in order to keep the right to rule. Confucianism stressed respect for both common people and those in high positions.

What are some Confucian ideas?

Confucius valued honesty, learning, and study. He also valued hard work and skill. He frequently criticized greed and wealth. Han ranked their society into four groups. Scholars and officials held the highest rank, because they helped govern society. Farmers and landowners came next, because growing food benefited everyone. Below farmers were craftspeople and artisans, who created useful things like tools. Confucian structure put merchants at the lowest rank. Merchants traded goods, so their wealth came from the work of others. Though some Han merchants were very rich, they were not well respected.

Zhao Zheng took the title Qin Shi Huangdi. What did his title mean?

First Emperor of Qin

The longest-reigning emperor of the Han dynasty

Emperor Wu, or Han Wudi

Who greatly expanded the Han Empire?

Emperor Wudi

Which are among the Four Noble Truths?

Enlightenment comes through meditation. All life involves suffering.

Which Chinese emperor had a vision of a golden god who he thought was Buddha?

Han emperor Mingdi

How did Liu Bang break with Qin traditions?

He abandoned Legalism.

How did Qin defeat the other six Warring States?

He broke the rules of warfare. He used diplomacy and trickery.

How was Legalism different from traditional rule in China?

In Legalism, people of every class had to follow the same laws.

What did the Great Wall of China do?

It separated China from Mongolia

How did the Han defeat of the Xiongnu affect the dynasty?

It weakened the dynasty due to the use of resources.

Which area was conquered by the Han?

Korea

chanyu

Leader of the Xiongnu

the first emperor of the Han dynasty

Liu Bang

the first emperor of China

Qin Shi Huangdi

How did paper help Han society?

People could record and share science and research. The government could keep more accurate records.

How did high taxes contribute to the fall of the Han dynasty?

Poor peasants rebelled against the government.

How did Qin Shi Huangdi rule his empire?

Qin divided the state into 36 districts with civilian and military administrators.

How was the Han government similar to a family in Han China?

Rulers should treat the common people with the same kindness as parents treat their children. Rulers deserved the same respect from the common people as parents received from their children.

Which is true about how Qin ruled his empire?

Serfdom was ended. All people had to obey strict laws. The state was divided into districts.

What is the most famous of Qin's public works?

The Great Wall of China

What is the period from 476 to 221 BC in Chinese history known as?

The Warring States

What was the one group of people who the Han could not conquer?

The Xiongnu

How did Buddhism influence Chinese art?

The art of sculpture became more important.

What is true of Qin's son?

The country rose up against him.

Why did the Qin dynasty last a short time?

The people rose up against Qin's son.

How did Qin organize the state?

There were 36 districts, each with a civilian and military administrator.

Why were merchants considered the lowest Han class?

They acquired their money from the labor of others.

How did the Han keep control over conquered peoples?

They demanded tribute, or gifts.

How did the Han attempt to deal with the Xiongnu?

They tried to defeat them militarily. They sent gifts and princesses.

Why was silk so important to the Chinese economy?

Traders all over the world wanted to buy Chinese silk.

Which was required by Legalism?

following the law strictly

What was early paper made from?

a mush of trees, hemp, and rags

silk

a smooth, shimmering fabric made from the protein secretions of silkworms

Which Han invention could show the time of day?

a sundial

serfdom

a system in which a peasant farmer is legally bound to the land and the will of the landlord

Which are parts of traditional Chinese medicine?

acupuncture herbs

What is a water clock?

allows a steady stream of water to flow into a container. When the container overflows, a specific amount of time has passed.

Which inventions did Zhang Heng help create during the Han dynasty?

an improved water clock a seismometer

concubine

an unofficial wife or mistress

gong - Han social group (rank 3)

artisans, craftspeople

What was the most important form of transportation along the Silk Road?

camels

Merchants along the Silk Road traveled in large _[blank]_. Which best completes the sentence?

caravans

What is the term for the spread of traits from one group of people to another?

cultural diffusion

authoritarian

demanding strict obedience to authority, especially that of a government

nong - Han social group (rank 2)

farmer, landowner

Chang'an

first capital of the Han Empire

Middle East

gemstones

bureaucracy

government system involving many officials with power over different functions and areas

What is a sundial?

has an upright center piece that casts a shadow, showing the time of day.

Filial

having to do with children

filial piety

having to do with children, especially the honor that children show parents

What were the results of the Han defeat of the Xiongnu?

higher taxes attacks by other steppe peoples

Central Asia

horses

The philosophy of Legalism stated that the _[blank]_ held the highest power.

law

Han Wudi

longest reigning Han emperor

Piety

means faith, devotion, and obedience

shang - Han social group (rank 4)

merchants, traders, shopkeepers, salespeople

nomadic

moving from place to place without settling in one location

tribute

payment that a conquered people pay their conquerors

Who were the Yellow Turbans?

peasants who led a rebellion

iron smelting

process in which raw ore is heated in a furnace until its metallic content melts and separates from the rocky material

Qin built over 4,000 miles of _[blank]_ to help with travel and trade.

roads

shi - Han social group (rank 1)

scholar, official, bureaucrat, ruler

Which was the highest social class in China?

scholars

Which options correctly ranks Han social classes from highest to lowest?

scholars farmers artisans merchants

China

silk

Which Chinese good was so important that trade routes were named after it?

silk

Which three inventions in particular made China a powerhouse?

silk, paper, and iron

What technique did Han dynasty metalworkers perfect?

smelting

India

spices

legalism

strict adherence to a religious or moral code; capitalized when referring to the philosophy of the Chinese Legalists

Liu Bang

the first Han emperor

What is filial piety?

the idea that one should respect and care for one's parents

seismometer (Zhang Heng)

the measuring aspect of a seismograph, a device used to detect, measure, and record the force of earthquakes

Confucianism

the state religion under the Han

One of the most important Han inventions

the wheelbarrow

Which did Qin attempt to standardize?

the writing system coins weights and measures

Why did Qin send weights to merchants across the Chinese Empire?

to standardize weights and improve trade