(Unit 5) Telecommunications Components
the key purpose of protocols is to:
ensure data quality and accuracy
The internet layer
exchanges data sequences (known as datagrams) across network boundaries, providing a uniform network interface concealing the layout of the actual network connections.
Core routers
gather, link, or route data from a business campus and aggregate it to optimize high bandwidth transmission. All routers have the ability to connect to the internet. Core routers are more powerful and are used to optimize high volume data transmission. Core routers have enough processing power to handle multiple protocols.
Coaxial cable, fiber optics and radio frequency (wireless)
medium for communications
Internet of Things (IoT)
refers to a future trend in which all devices—including appliances, cars, networks, and systems—will be connected to the internet, which will facilitate servicing automation and e-commerce. This connection will occur through inexpensive built-in computer applications.
switch
sends data traffic to different destinations, connecting single networks, and is not assigned an IP address.
Analog
signals that are CONTINUOUS electrical waveform signals
Digital
signals that are NOT continuous, are discrete, binary, electrical waveforms
Telecommunication networks
that are known as broadband are able to transmit video due to the intensive data bandwidth requirement. The telecommunication networks transmit electrical signals that are converted to data or voice or video.
POP (Post Office Protocol)
the application layer of the internet standard protocol and is used to retrieve email from a mail server.
telegraph
the most prevalent telecommunication network in the late nineteenth century
Peer-to-peer networks
the preferred choice for smaller organizations and homes because of the convenience of not needing a server computer due to the small number of users in the network; Peer-to-peer networks offer a faster connection between nodes, because information is stored locally on each individual computer and not one central server.
Multiplexing
the process in which multiple signals are combined into one signal, which is then transmitted over a shared medium.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
the standard communication rule of the internet; governs internet data network rules.
edge router (also known as a boundary router)
transfers data packets between one or more LANs and an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network. Bridges in network topologies are used to connect or link separate networks together, but bridges do not have data switching capability.
Telecommunication networks
transmit information in the form of data, voice, or video, and are carried by a medium such as light or electrical signals.
WAN traffic
transmitted through the "cloud," which is an interconnected network composed of the internet or PSTN.
The telephone and the internet
two types of telecommunication networks.
Satellite communications
used to link telecommunications networks over long distances.
Quality of Service (QoS)
used to measure performance for specific types of data communications and ensure that communications are effectively transmitted.
A packet analyzer or sniffer
used to monitor or log traffic on a network for troubleshooting or analysis. Also known as network sniffers, packet analyzers can be used by hackers to obtain authentication information needed to hack a network.
What is a benefit of packet switching?
xPacket switching does not need a dedicated network connection. (Packet switching does not need a direct connection like a voice network to be established. Packets can be broken up, sent over the computer network, and re-assembled at the destination.)
What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?
A LAN connects computer systems locally, whereas a WAN connects systems over a long distance.
Which of the following best describes a computer network?
A computer network is a collection of interlinked computers that can exchange information over links in the form of digital packets.
traditional telephone network
A converged network is one in which voice, data, and video are all carried on the same network, with the business no longer using a ________.
Which of the following is not a circuit switching protocol?
ATM Frame relay x IP (Internet Protocol is not a circuit switching protocol, but a PACKET-BASED protocol.)
cell network that includes access to the internet.
Cellular or mobile telephone and data communication service is provided by a ________.
true
Circuit switching is used for VoIP applications, as well as video conferencing, video, and multimedia communications.
What is a benefit of telecom services convergence for business?
Combining data, voice, and video into one platform means having only one network to service and maintain. (Deploying a converged telecom network means that only one network is used for all services, making maintenance easier.)
Protocols
Communication, or the transmission of data over computer networks, is accomplished by network devices following certain rules or _______;used to ensure the quality and accuracy of the transmission, and that the transmission is understood by the receiving device.
Computer networks enable circuit switching. What does this mean?
Computer networks create a point-to-point packet digital circuit in circuit switching, which allows point-to-point communication.
RMD requires a telecommunications network that will carry voice, video, and data. What is this an example of?
Convergence; The ability for a telecommunication network to carry voice, data, and video is called convergence.
packet switching
Frame relay is a _______ network protocol used to establish circuit switching for voice or video.
transport layer on the same or different hosts, as well as on the local network or any network remotely connected through a router.
Host-to-host communications occur on the:
true
Hubs, repeaters, switches, and routers are located inside a network and do not perform firewall duties.
TRUE
Small and large offices use routers to connect to the internet, or world wide web.
TRUE
Small businesses or home networks typically do not have a server computer, therefore a peer-to-peer network is more desirable.
true
Small businesses or home offices that are large enough to require a server utilize client-server topology, while those operating with a peer-to-peer network utilize a star configuration.
Which of the following best defines social media in today's information age?
Social media is a new medium that is internet based, and allows user to share ideas or information.
Social media, mobile devices, and __________ are three growing trends in the business sector that have wide implications and offer opportunities and risks.
Social media, mobile networking, and cybersecurity are important growing trends in information technology.
Which of the following is not a computer network hardware device?
Switch Router xSniffer Hub A sniffer or packet analyzer is used to monitor or log traffic on a network for troubleshooting or analysis, but it is not a network hardware device.
TRUE
Telecommunication equipment requires electricity to operate, but the signals are not carried on the same wires and systems as electricity.
What best describes the implications of the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things (IoT) will make all devices and systems "smart" so they will be able to communicate via the internet to automate servicing needs.
true
The IoT does have an e-commerce component, but it will not replace e-commerce itself.
Convergence
The ability for a telecommunication network to carry voice, data, and video is called:
IoT; (The term Internet of Things means that in the future, all devices, including appliances, cars, networks, and systems, will be connected to the internet.)
The designers are considering the addition of a small showroom in which they can showcase the smart technology of the appliances and lighting that is available. This would be an example of:
electricity
The equipment in a converged network requires ___________ to operate; therefore, a power failure can interrupt network service.
true
The most common protocol is TCP/IP, which establishes the connection and data packet quality transmission.
Telecommunication
The process of exchanging information between various entities over electrical, electromagnetic, or digital networks.
Which of the following is not a modern telecommunications system technology?
The telegraph was the most prevalent telecommunications network in the late nineteenth century.
public switch telephone network (PSTN)
The total circuit switch-based telephone network that uses technology invented by Alexander Graham Bell. The PSTN is a wired infrastructure, composed of wires, cables, switches, repeaters, and other telecommunication components.
fiber optics, category 5 (Cat5) cable, and radio frequency. Cat5 cable is typically made of copper but is much smaller than copper building wire that is used to carry electricity. A bus enables computer components to communicate with one another.
There are many other mediums for communications including
Which of the following is correct about virtual networks?
Virtual networks function through network virtualization.(Large businesses leverage virtual network applications to allow for better network changes and optimization. Virtual network connections do not consist of physical connections, so they can be changed or re-assigned quickly, without disrupting the physical connections.)
How is voice or video information carried on digital networks?
Voice and video data are packetized, but transmitted on circuit switching networks instead of packet switching networks.
How are WAN networks interconnected?
WAN networks are collections of remote business campuses that use the internet, private, and public switched networks.
TRUE
WANs are interconnected through the internet using IP protocol, or through private networks and even through the POTS, the plain old telephone system.
How do small businesses and large enterprises protect themselves from network intrusions?
XBoth small and large enterprises use firewalls to prevent intrusion.
What is meant by a "Core" router?
XCore routers "collapse" the network into a backbone for high bandwidth communication. (In large businesses or in telecom networks, core routers are powerful routers that gather, link, and "collapse" the network into a backbone or route data from a business campus and aggregate it to optimize high bandwidth communication transmission.)
False Correct! Large businesses might require significant network equipment in order to optimize network performance, but small businesses can manage with only a router.
You are installing a new network for a small business. Your client makes the statement, "Businesses, regardless of size, need hubs, switches, and routers to access the world wide web." Is this true or false?
client-server; virtual
You are managing a small business network. They have a web or database server so you will need to design their network as a __________ topology, while a large enterprise would best benefit from a _______ network to manage network moves and changes.
Broadband
___________has enabled data, voice, and video to be combined and transmitted over one network, through a process known as convergence.
TCP protocol
________consists of four abstraction layers: application, transport, internet, and network access.
A packet
a unit of data forwarded by a network
ATM ( Asynchronous transfer mode )
a virtual circuit protocol used to establish circuit switching for voice or video.
A bus
enables computer components to communicate with one another.
Large business enterprises require core routers in their telecommunications computer network to support multiple telecommunications interfaces of the highest speed. What else does a core router do?
A core router is very powerful (and expensive). It is used to aggregate data and connect the enterprise to the internet in the backbone in order to handle large amounts of traffic.
nodes and links
A modern telecommunications network enables the exchange of information between end users across
What is the function of a network bridge?
A network bridge is a simple switch. A network bridge connects virtual hosts together. x A network bridge links two network LANs together. (Bridges in network topologies are used to connect or link separate networks together.)
data terminal equipmet
A network host is a computer connected to a network and is also known as _______ in computer networking hardware.
true
A network host is a physical node with an IP address. (Every network host and any device connected to the network has an identifying address.)
sniffer
A network management application acts like a _______that is, it extracts traffic data
What is a network management application?
A network management application is the operating system needed in computer networks. A network management application is a sniffer. ? A network management application retrieves and analyzes network traffic data. (Large businesses must design and monitor their computer networks because of their complexity. A network management application is a software tool that allows network administrators to troubleshoot and ensure optimal performance through network traffic data retrieval and analysis.)
ATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode and was designed to provide quality of data of voice and video via circuit switching.
A network protocol designed to handle broadband integrated services such as voice and video is ____
Which of the following best describes a telecommunications network?
A telephone system The internet X A system of nodes and links (A telecommunications network enables the exchange of information (sending and receiving) between end users across nodes and links.)
Why should businesses have a social media strategy?
All business over the internet comes from social media. xSocial media is an ubiquitous marketing channel. Social media is an e-commerce business platform. (Social media is a marketing channel, in addition to the existing channels of print, TV, or radio, with a lot of potential customers.)
TRUE
Although the old telegraph infrastructure was used to carry voice, it is NOT considered the PSTN of modern times.
What is the difference between an analog signal and a digital signal?
Analog signals are continuous electrical waveform signals while digital signals are discrete, binary, noncontinuous electrical waveforms.
Ethernet replaced token rings as a data communications standard in LAN applications.
Assume you are building out wired technologies in an old building. If you are replacing token rings, what technology are you most likely to be replacing it with? Fiber or Ethernet or Wireless
TRUE
Because analog signals are continuous, they require a circuit switch network; Voice and video data are packetized but transmitted on circuit switching networks versus packet switching networks.
Which of the following is not a wireless telecommunication networking protocol?
Bluetooth Wi-Fi XPOP
True
Both analog and digital signals are electrical in nature and are capable of carrying voice, video, or data.
true
Both peer-to-peer and client-server topologies work well with home offices and small business.
TRUE
Core routers aggregate data from business and connect and transmit directly to the internet backbone; have extensive communication capabilities; can connect to optical networks & other types of medium; expensive due to fast processing speed & are therefore expensive to utilize when connecting LANs; only required if a high volume of traffic should go right into the internet backbone.
What is the best description of how a packet switched network works?
Data is digitized, enclosed in packets, and transmitted. ( Packet switched networks group data in packets and are transmitted in multiple simultaneous communication sessions.)
true Data packet switching can be broken up and sent throughout the entire network to be reassembled at the destination.
Data packet switching is more efficient than circuit switching because it leverages the entire computer network capacity.
What information is enclosed in transmission packets?
Data packets include destination address, relay information, and error detection.Among other things, data packets have the destination IP address, the actual information to be sent, which can be parceled into many other packets, and error detection in case transmission fails.
multiplexer
Data signals and data packets travelling over computer networks from multiple devices are combined together into a single signal, or aggregated by a device called a _____
true
Digital signals are multiplexed and packetized, are not continuous (like analog signals), and can be carried over radio frequencies.
Which of the following is not a telecommunications network protocol?
FTP X DOS TCP/IP PPP (DOS is an operating system, not a telecommunications network protocol.)
TRUE ( Data signals travelling over computer networks are combined together by the use of a multiplexer.)
If you were building out a telecommunications network and wanted to take signals and data packets from multiple devices and combine them into a single device, you would use a multiplexer.
Why do communications networks use defined rules or standards called protocols?
In communications networks, data are transmitted by devices, travel over a medium, and are received by other devices. Protocols are used to ensure the transmission of digital data communicated in packets between devices is accurate and understood by the receiving device.
The biggest impact to business and information management systems will be from mobile devices pushing the need for mobile applications. Mobile devices will have the following impacts except what?
Increased wireless network demand Increased need for remote access xEnhanced Ethernet capabilities Mobile device web development
TRUE
Internet Protocol is not a circuit switching protocol but a packet-based protocol.
ISP
Internet connectivity is provided by
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Internet of Things means connectivity of all devices to enable service automation. (The term Internet of Things means that in the future, all devices, including appliances, cars, networks, and systems, will be connected to the internet, which will facilitate servicing automation.)
true
Large enterprises can manage moves and changes more productively with virtual network capability.
Over the next five years, what types of devices will surpass internet access from personal computers?
Mobile devices such as smartphones will surpass personal computers accessing the internet.
false; There is no telephone service when a convergence network is inoperable.
One downside of convergence is that when the network goes down, you only have traditional telephone service.
What does OSI stand for?
Open System Interconnection (OSI stands for Open System Interconnection and is the foundation for data communication protocols.)
radio waves
Wireless communications is a type of telecommunication network that uses _______ to send and receive signals over the radio spectrum.
TRUE
Packet switching separates data to be transmitted between devices into packets, along with information containing destination AND transmission error detection information that are then sent via the computer network.
What is the role of repeaters in telecommunication networks?
Repeaters are used to amplify signals as they travel in a network. (Repeaters receive and retransmit data at higher power so a transmission can go long distances.)
true
Routers are used to connect multiple networks together and forward data packets between those separate networks to the destination host.
true
While the host might provide database application services, it is not a database system
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi is part of the __________wireless communication protocol used to connect devices in a LAN environment.
Social media
________initiatives must be developed in order to target and capture sales or followers via this new marketing channel. Social media is a new marketing channel, but not all internet marketing comes from social media, and social media is not a business e-commerce platform. Social networks are new markets, or expanded markets, that gain or share information and ideas via social media channels.
A computer network
a collection of interlinked computers that can exchange information over links in the form of digital packets.
Ethernet
a computer networking technology used in local area networks (LANs). Before Ethernet became widely used in LAN environments for data communications, token ring and other standards like ARCNET were used. Ethernet requires a specific type of hardware to function, whereas a TCP/IP can be recognized by most operating systems. Like TCP/IP, Ethernet is a packet-based data transfer standard that divides data streams into packets, not virtual circuits. ATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode and was designed to provide quality of data of voice and video via circuit switching.
true
a converged telecom network means that only one network is used for all services and that makes maintenance easier.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
a modern telecommunications technology that offers convergence between voice and data networks; a type of broadband application, similar to video, in which voice calls are transmitted over the internet; it has rapidly replaced telephone voice traffic.
A hub
a networking device that connects computer devices together in a LAN, sending data traffic to all networked components.
router
a networking device used to pass packets to the next network node until the packets reach the ultimate destination.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
a protocol used to transfer files from one computer to another.
. A network protocol
a set of rules at different levels in the connection that communication devices use to ensure quality of signal transmission and reception.
The internet
a telecommunication network composed of interconnected computers using Internet Protocol (IP)
hypervisor
an expensive virtual machine monitoring application used by large organizations to improve computer network performance without having to physically change the network. Although hypervisors have no routing capability, they enable network management through virtual design and operations.
The application layer
applications create and communicate user data to other applications on the same or another host.
Firewalls
are used to prevent intrusion into a network and are not related to data communication protocols. A firewall can be hardware with software, or is just software embedded in a network at strategic access locations to prevent intrusion.
Packet switched networks
group data in packets and are transmitted in multiple simultaneous communication sessions. Fixed packet size and rates of transmission exist in circuit switching, but not packet switching. Data transmitted in a virtual circuit is known as circuit switching, like a voice communication, whereas packet switching is used for data.
One is packet transmission and the other is the TCP/IP protocol.
here are two fundamental elements that are used in modern networking infrastructure:
The network layer
includes the protocols used to describe the network layout and the interfaces necessary for data transmission.
