Unit 5 Test APHG

Southwest Asia

Agricultural first diffused to Europe from

California's central valley, the Chicago-milwakee- Madison triangle, coastal California, south florida

All of the following are areas in the United States most susceptible to losing prime agricultural land except

there is little relationship to other businesses

All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except

they only consume animal products and animal by- products

All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except

primogentric land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies

All of the following are characteristics of shifting cultivation except

specialty farming, market gardening, commercial gardening and fruit farming, intensive commercial agriculture

Another name for truck farming is

extensive subsistence agriculture, nomadic herding

Another term for pastoral nomadism is

Northern Germany and sub-Saharan africa

Areas of the world traditionally known for their circular rural land use patterns include

There is not a cultural tradition of consuming wine in these regions.

Even though climatic conditions are suitable for whibe production in North Africa and,Southwest Asia, why is this form of agriculture not practiced in these regions?

transhumance

Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice

cultural taboos exist on eating pork

Hog production is nearly nonexistent in Southwest Asia and North Africa because

Mediterranean agriculture, maket gardening, and trucket farming

Horticulture could potentially iclude

luxury crops

Legal crops such as coffee, tea, and tobacco grown on plantations in the tropics for export to More Developed Countries are commonly referred to as

North America and Europe

On a global scale most organic products are sold in

putting more land into production, increasing the yield of land under cultivation, identifying new food sources, increasing food imports

Strategies used to increase the supply of food for a country include

less developed countries

Subsistence agriculture dominates in

irrigation

Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is

United States

The country that produces the most maize in the world is

many family farms going bankrupt, corporate farms playing a larger role in rural America, increased size of the average farm, making if more difficult for an individual to become a farmer

The farm crisis in the United States during the late 1970s and 1980s resulted in

switzerland

The most important large-scale comercial wheat producing countries in the world include all of the following except

intensive subsistence agriculture

The most practiced economic activity in the world is

wheat, rice, and maize

The most widely produced grains in the world are

2-5%

The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is

make a profit

The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to

interillage

The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called

acquaculture

The production and harvesting of fish and shell fish in sectioned off coves and land-based ponds is technically referred to as

flowers, fruits, and vegetables

The technical definition of horticulture includes the cultivation of

Sugarcane, palm oil, cocoa, tea

This crop is often grown on plantations in the tropics

Fair trade movement

This type of business practice significantly reduces the commodity chain for an agricultural product such as coffee or tea

Ridge tillage

This type of farming practice helps preserve soil conservation by planting crops at the tops of hills

sub-Saharan africa

Today circular rural settlements are most commonly associated with

New England and upstate New York

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, Dairy agriculture would dominate in

Double cropping

What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land?

British Columbia

What area in Canada is most productive for timber?

Southwest Asia

What area of the world first incorporated domestication of both plants and animals?

Commercial agriculture dominates in MDCs, due to globalization and competition, profit margins have decreased, farmers must specialize in order to stay competitive, farmers are part of a complex and highly integrated system called agribusiness.

What best characterizes intensive commercial agriculture?

Advancements in agricultural production help feed the expanding population, Technological advances helped increase agricultural production

What conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution?

Distance to the market

What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used extensively for agriculture?

Production has increased as a total percent of world production levels.

What has been the trend with the respect to dairy farming in Least Developed Countries since the 1970s?

The entire country is their market area for these products

What is the best reason for why many dairy farmers in Wisconsin choose to produce butter and cheese rather than fresh milk?

Farms are located close to urban centers

What is the best reason why market gardening farms grow highly perishable fruits and vegetables?

Sheep and Goat

Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia?

Carl Sauer

Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths?

Intensive subsistence and Organic truck farming

Which of the following agriculture practices could be deemed sustainable?

Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding.

Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture?

The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants.

According to Carl Saeur, why did vegetative planting first start in Southeast Asia?

The process was gradual, A number of independent hearths were established, hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity

According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication

Transportation costs and Cost of land

According to the Von Thunen model, what costs does a commercial farmer consider when deciding what crops to plant?

dairy

According to the von Thunen model, the first ring is used for

Grazing

According to the von Thunen model, what type of agricultural practice would locate in the outer most concentric ring?

cultural taboos, distance to the market, political policies, level of economic development

Agriculture is affected by all the following except

primary sector of the economy

Agriculture is associated with

contribution to the urban heat island effect

All of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except

paddy rice farming

All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except

giving farmers tax breaks if they meet production quotas.

All of the following are farm subsidies except

paying farmers to grow specialty crops

All of the following are forms of farm subsidies except

Iowa

All of the following are major wheat producing states except

their way of life is preserved by many governments

All of the following are true regarding contemporary hunting and gathering societies except

truck farming

All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except

increase farm subsidies

All of the following are ways for a country or region to increase the food supply except

Southwest Asia

All of the following were vegetative planning (root crop) hearths except

increase to meet the demands of increased population pressures.

Boserup theorized that when population increased in a subsistence agriculturally based community the level of technology and labor efforts must

population increase would be accompanied by an increase in how intensely land would be used

Boserup's basic thesis with respect to the population growth in cultures that practiced subsistence agriculture was that

New England

Clustered rural settlements are most commonly associated with

plantation agriculture

Commercial agriculture practiced in the tropics and subtopics is called

it is expensive to transport their product, milk has a limited shelf life

Dairy farmers locate near urban areas because

they are located outside the milkshade

Dairy farmers specialize in other products rather than fresh milk because

access to market is greater

Dairy operations locate on the suburban fringe of metropolitan areas because

in urban plots

Due to the increased interregional migration an increasing percent of vegetables in China are being produced

Aquaculture

Due to the overharvesting of fish stocks and increased demand for seafood, what form of agriculture has substantially grown in the last thirty years?

Four

Europeans evolved from farming a single field in early medieval times to rotating crops into how many different sections or fields by the 18th century?

The Green Revolution doubled and tripled crop yields in many developing countries, massive relief on the part of the United States prevented world wide famine, technological advancements increased yields throughout the world, high yield varieties increased yields in many parts of the world

Even though post World War two population growth rates hit record numbers, what factors prevented Malthus's predictions from becoming a reality in less developed countries?

semi-arid deserts

Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in

increased concentration of ownership from MDC companies, increased machinery, displacing more workers, increasing migration rates from rural to urban areas

Globalization has impacted and changed agricultural practices with the respect to planation agriculture by

increased the number of dairy cattle in the United States and the UK

Globalization impacts dairy farming in all of the following ways except

consumed predominately by local communities throughout the Midwest

Grain produced in the United States is used for all of the following except it is

subsistence agriculture

Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of

monoculture

Growing or raising a single specialty crop on large tracts of land is called

The four-field system increased yields and sol fertility, New Technologies such as the drill press increase agricultural production, The Enclosure Movement encouraged the use of machinery, Advances in breeding livestock increased production of meat and dairy

How did the second agriculture revolution improve agricultural production.

Due to economies of scale, production areas have shifted to many Least Developed Countries, The Suez and Panama canals are less important because of containerization, containerization has make long distance travel more efficient and profitable

How has containerization changed the geography of linkages between production areas and location of consumers?

Farmers will seek out areas with the lowest production costs, North American farmers no longer have a competitive advantage all year, production areas have become more competitive in Least Developed Countries, Southern hemisphere producers have increased production of these items

How have globalization and improved transportation links changed the geography of production areas for products such as apples, grapes, and fresh cut flowers?

hunting and gathering

Humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in

fruits and vegetables

In Mediteranean agriculture farmers derive most of their income from

Livestock Ranching

In recent years, what type of agriculture practice has been most responsible for deforestation of the rain forest in parts of Central and South America?

Sub-Saharan Africa

In the last twenty years the region of the world that has experienced a decline in food production compared to population growth is

Tea and Coffee

In upland areas where plantation agriculture is present, what are the two most common crops grown?

exist in environments too harsh for crop production

Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both

they could severely alter local agricultural economies, they could possibly crossbreed with domestic varieties, they would cause economic dependence on US corporations, they are considered less nutritious

Many countries in Europe and Africa are reluctant to import Genetically Modified Organism produced food from the United States because

dairy farming has become less profitable due to lower milk prices per unit and increasing operating costs

Many farmers in New England turned to specialty farming, such as growing mushrooms, asparagus, herbs, and nursery plants because

proximity to growing markets in the south and west, less severe weather

Many feed fattening farms have located in the southeast and west of the United States because of

New Jersey and Delaware, parts of florida, the west coast of michigan, the central valley of california

Market gardening dominates in

expensive land costs force farmers to grow crops with a higher profit margin, of the highly perishable nature of their crops, transport costs,are high due to special handling requirements, farmers need large amounts of capital for specialized machinery

Market gardening farms are located close to large urban areas because

grapes, olives, dates, lemons

Mediteranean agriculture products include

Chile, the central valley of california, southern spain, north africa

Mediterranean agricultural products are grown in

fed to livestock

Most cereal grains produced in the United States are

Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, southeast asia, south asia

Most plantation operations are found in

of competition for resources, the nomads often cross international borders, it is not an economically viable livelihood, increased population pressures

Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because

Central Asia

Pastoral nomadism is still a dominant way of life in many parts of

operate most efficiently in similar climates

Pastoral nomads and livestock ranchers both

cattle

Pastoral nomads do not typically herd

overgrazing

Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by

semi-arid deserts, deserts

Pastoral nomads predominate in

competition for resources from logging and mining companies, population increase

Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because

South America

Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of

grain farming

Suitcase farms are most associated with

clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques, only farming cleared land for one or two years

Swidden agriculture refers to

Consolidating oddly shaped fields, encouraging the use of more farm machinery

The Enclosure Movement altered the geography and agricultural practice

paddy rice farming

The agriculture practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is

the Prarie Provinces

The area in Canada most associated with grain farming is

the Maritime Provinces

The area in Canada where fishing dominates the economy is

the incorporation of genetically modified crops

The biotechnical agricultural revolution is best characterized by

reduce pesticide and fertilizer usage, help preserve the social fabric of rural communities, preserve the long-term productivity of the land, return to a better system of integrating crops and livestock

The goal of sustainable agriculture is to

township and range survey system

The single most important factor contributing to rural land use patterns for most of the Great Plains in the United States is the result of the

barbed wire

The invention in the late 1800s that changed the geography of cattle ranging was

township and range system

The land division system is most responsible for dispersed rural settlements in many parts of the United States is the

the long lot system

The linear agricultural land use pattern commonly found in Quebec and Louisiana is

tea is consumed where it is produced

The main difference between coffee and tea is that

where the product is consumed, that commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit, that land ownership in subsistence agriculture communities is often communal, that in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family

The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is

the deliberate domestication of plants and animals

The modern definition of agriculture includes

Sub- Saharan Africa

The region of the world that benefited the least from the Green Revolution was

North America

The region with the lowest percent of labor force directly engaged in agriculture is

the Industrial Revolution

The second agricultural revolution coincided with

agribusiness

The trend whereby large corporations buy and control many different steps in a food- processing industry is commonly referred to as

Grapes and olives

The two most important crops grown in the Mediterranean region are

soybeans and corn

The two most widely used and distributed Genetically Modified Organisms crops are

Square

Township and range land division system most closely resembles what type of geometric pattern on the landscape?

southern England.

Using the von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England, and Paris, France is the single market for Europe. Dairy agriculture would be located in

the steppes of Russia

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume London, England and Paris, France is the single market for Europe. Extensive grain farming would take place in

southeastern states

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, market gardening would be located in

the Midwest

Using von Thunen's model as a basis for analysis, assume New York City is the single market for the United States, mixed crop and livestock agriculture would be located in

Increased use of machinery, pesticides, and fertilizers and development of improved seed varieties

What accounts for dramatic increased yields of wheat in developed countries since the 1950s?

Wheat and Grain Farming, Livestock Ranching

What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture?

feedlots combine a number of steps in the meat packing industry in one location. are more efficient at adding weight to cattle, reduce tansportation costs of cattle prior to being slaughtered and the finished product

What advantages do cattle feedlots have over traditional methods of livestock ranching

Europe

_______ did not contain an agricultural hearth.

Relocation Diffusion

What type of diffusion is most closely associated with the Columbian Exchange?

Animals provide meat, animals provide milk, animals provide furs and skins, animals were bests of burden

What was the advantage of domesticating animals?

there is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps

When comparing the Koppen Climate Regions Map with the Whittlessey Agricultural Map one can conclude that

it increased environmental damage due to the increased use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, it increased interregional migration, it increased the gap between wealthy and poor farmers

Which of the following are negative consequences of the Green Revolution in India?

Banana

Which of the following is not considered a luxury crop?

The process was gradual, there were multiple hearths throughout the world

Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the invention of agriculture?

Cattle- South Asia

Which pairing of animals and region is not correct?

Southeast United States

Which region is not a major dairy producing area?

Plantation Agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore.

Which statement regarding agricultural regions with respect to whittlessey's agricultural regions map is no longer applicable?

Organic agriculture

_______ has increased its production by 20% per year for the last 20 years.

Wood was quickly becoming a scarce resource, wood was used for construction purposes and heating

Why did Von Thunen include a forestry ring in his model of agriculture and land use?

Their relative location with respect to the milkshed

Why do different regions of the United States specialize in different dairy products?

Tropical soils are nutrient poor

Why do societies practicing shifting cultivation only far the same plot of land for one or two years?

there is a flat isotopic plane, there are uniform soils across the landscape, there are no physical features present, such as river or mountains, all goods use the same form of transportation

von Thunen's agricultural land use model assumes